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Impacts of optimization strategies on performance,power/energy consumption of a GPU based parallel reduction

Journal of Central South University 2017年第11期24卷 2624-2637页

作者： Phuong Thi Yen lee deok-young lee Jeong-Gun Smart Computing Lab. Department of Computer EngineeringHallym UniversityChuncheon 24252Korea College of General Education Hallym UniversityChuncheon 24252Korea

In the era of modern high performance computing, GPUs have been considered an excellent accelerator for general purpose data-intensive parallel applications. To achieve application speedup from GPUs, many of performance-oriented optimization techniques have been proposed. However, in order to satisfy the recent trend of power and energy consumptions, power/energy-aware optimization of GPUs needs to be investigated with detailed analysis in addition to the performance-oriented optimization. In this work, in order to explore the impact of various optimization strategies on GPU performance, power and energy consumptions, we evaluate performance and power/energy consumption of a well-known application running on different commercial GPU devices with the different optimization strategies. In particular, in order to see the more generalized performance and power consumption patterns of GPU based accelerations, our evaluations are performed with three different Nvdia GPU generations(Fermi, Kepler and Maxwell architectures), various core clock frequencies and memory clock frequencies. We analyze how a GPU kernel execution is affected by optimization and what GPU architectural factors have much impact on its performance and power/energy consumption. This paper also categorizes which optimization technique primarily improves which metric(i.e., performance, power or energy efficiency). Furthermore, voltage frequency scaling(VFS) is also applied to examine the effect of changing a clock frequency on these metrics. In general, our work shows that effective GPU optimization strategies can improve the application performance significantly without increasing power and energy consumption.

关键词： parallel reduction GPU code optimization power energy voltage frequency scaling

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Photodynamic therapy prolongs metal stent patency in patients with unresectable hilar cholangiocarcinoma

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2012年第39期18卷 5589-5594页

作者： Tae Yoon lee young Koog Cheon Chan Sup Shim young deok Cho Digestive Disease Center Department of Internal MedicineKonkuk University Medical CenterKonkuk University School of MedicineSeoul 143-729South Korea Institute for Digestive Research and Digestive Disease Center Soonchunhyang University College of MedicineSeoul 140-743South Korea

AIM:To evaluate the effect of photodynamic therapy (PDT) on metal stent patency in patients with unresectable hilar cholangiocarcinoma (CC). METHODS:This was a retrospective analysis of patients with hilar CC referred to our institution from December, 1999 to January, 2011. Out of 232 patients, thirty-three patients with unresectable hilar CC were treated. Eighteen patients in the PDT group were treated with uncovered metal stents after one session of PDT. Fifteen patients in the control group were treated with metal stents alone. Porfimer sodium (2 mg/kg) was administered intravenously to PDT patients. Fortyeight hours later, PDT was administered using a diffusing fiber that was advanced across the tumor by either endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography or percutaneous cholangiography. After performance of PDT, uncovered metal stents were inserted to ensure adequate decompression and bile drainage. Patient survival rates and cumulative stent patency were calculated using Kaplan-Meier analysis with the log-rank test. RESULTS:The PDT and control patients were comparable with respect to age, gender, health status, pretreatment bilirubin, and hilar CC stage. When compared to control, the PDT group was associated with significantly prolonged stent patency (median 244 ± 66 and 177 ± 45 d, respectively, P = 0.002) and longer patient survival (median 356 ± 213 and 230 ± 73 d, respectively, P = 0.006). Early complication rates were similar between the groups (PDT group 17%, control group 13%) and all patients were treated conservatively. Stent malfunctions occurred in 14 PDT patients (78%) and 12 control patients (80%). Of these 26 patients, twenty-two were treated endoscopically and four were treated with external drainage. CONCLUSION:Metal stenting after one session of PDT may be safe with acceptable complication rates. The PDT group was associated with a significantly longer stent patency than the control group in patients with unresectable hilar CC.

关键词： Bile duct cancer Palliative endoscopic stent-ing Photodynamic therapy Outcome

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Endoscopic ultrasonography does not differentiate neoplastic from non-neoplastic small gallbladder polyps

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2009年第19期15卷 2361-2366页

作者： young Koog Cheon Won young Cho Tae Hee lee young deok Cho Jong Ho Moon Joon Seong lee Chan Sup Shim Institute for Digestive Research and Digestive Disease Center Soon Chun Hyang University College of Medicine657 Hannam-DongYongsan-KuSeoul 140-743South Korea

AIM： To assess the ability of endoscopic ultrasonography （EUS） to differentiate neoplastic from non- neoplastic polypoid lesions of the gallbladder （PLGs）.METHODS： The uses of EUS and transabdominal ultrasonography （US） were retrospectively analyzed in 94 surgical cases of gallbladder polyps less than 20 mm in ***： The prevalence of neoplastic lesions with a diameter of 5-20 mm was 27.2% （10/58）; 22-15 mm, 25.4% （4/26）, and 16-20 mm, 50% （5/20）. The overall diagnostic accuracies of EUS and US for small PLGs were 80.9% and 63.9% （P 〈 0.05）, respectively. EUS correctly distinguished 12 （63.2%） of 19 neoplastic PLGs but was less accurate for polyps less than 1.0 cm （4/10, 40%） than for polyps greater than 1.0 cm （8/9, 88.9%）（P = 0.02）.CONCLUSION： Although EUS was more accurate than US, its accuracy for differentiating neoplastic from non-neoplastic PLGs less than 1.0 cm was low. Thus, EUS alone is not sufficient for determining a treatment strategy for PLGs of less than 1.0 cm.

关键词： Endoscopic ultrasonography Neoplasticlesion Polypoid gallbladder lesion

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Borderline resectable giant hepatic cavernous hemangioma and coexisting hemangiomatosis should be a new indication for living donor liver transplantation:A report of two cases

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2024年第6期23卷 653-657页

作者： Sung-Min Kim deok-Bog Moon young-In Yoon Sung-Gyu lee Division of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation Department of SurgeryUniversity of Ulsan College of MedicineAsan Medical CenterSeoulKorea

To the Editor:Hemangioma is a benign liver tumor that rarely requires treatment if the patient is asymptomatic[1].However,great cavernous hemangioma(GCH)can lead to symptoms due to its mass effect and Kasabach-Merritt syndrome(KMS)[2].GCH treatment options vary;therefore,tailoring treatment to individual patients according to their condition,such as symptoms,tumor location,and liver function,is ***,GCH is associated with hemangiomatosis,and its boundaries with normal tissue are unclear[3],leading to a lack of consensus on the initial therapeutic approach,with literature primarily comprising case reports or series[4].This study presented two cases of GCH and coexisting hemangiomatosis;the patients underwent liver resection of the main mass to relieve symptoms but ultimately required liver transplantation(LT).We aimed to describe the role of LT in these patients.

关键词： hemangioma cases donor

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Characterization of plasma electrolytic oxide formed on AZ91 Mg alloy in KMnO_4 electrolyte

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中国有色金属学会会刊：英文版 2009年第4期19卷 829-834页

作者： Duck-young HWANG Ki-Ryong SHIN Bongyoung YOO Dong-Heon lee deok-Yong PARK Dong-Hyuk SHIN Department of Metallurgy and Materials Science Hanyang University Ansan 426-791 Korea Department of Applied Materials Engineering Hanbat National University Daejon 305-719 Korea 不详

The aim of this work is to investigate microstructure,corrosion resistance characteristics and nanohardness of the oxide layer on AZ91 Mg alloy by applying different voltage with KMnO4 contained *** are lots of closed pores that are filled with another oxide compound compared with the typical surface morphology with pore coated until 350 V of coating *** thickness of oxide layer increases with increasing coating *** oxide layer formed on AZ91 Mg alloy in electrolyte with potassium permanganate consists of MgO and *** potential of the oxide layer on AZ91 Mg alloy obtained at different plasma electrolytic oxidation(PEO) reaction stages increases with increasing coating *** corrosion resistance of AZ91 Mg alloy depends on the existence of the manganese oxide in the oxide *** inner barrier layer composed of the MgO and Mn2O3 may serve as diffusion barrier to enhance the corrosion resistance and may partially explain the excellent anti-corrosion performance in corrosion *** values increase with increasing coating *** increase in the nanohardness may be due to the effect of manganese oxide in the oxide layer on AZ91 Mg alloy coated from electrolyte containing KMnO4.

关键词： AZ91镁合金等离子体电解高锰酸钾氧化特性电解液氧化层厚度纳米硬度耐腐蚀性

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Microstructural Investigation of Alloy 617 Creep-ruptured at High Temperature in a Helium Environment

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2013年第12期29卷 1177-1183页

作者： Gyeong-Geun lee Sujin Jung Jae-young Park Woo-Gon Kim Sung-deok Hong Yong-Wan Kim Nuclear Materials Division Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute

A very high temperature reactor （VHTR） is one of the next-generation nuclear reactors chosen by the Generation IV International Forum. A Ni-base superalloy, Alloy 617, is considered as a primary candidate material for an intermediate heat exchanger （IHX） and hot gas duct （HGD） of the VHTR because of the superior creep resistance at a high temperature above 850 ~C. In this study, the microstructures of the specimens creep- ruptured at high temperatures in a helium environment were investigated. The decrease in rupture time was more pronounced with increasing creep temperature. In the specimens crept at 950 ~C, the external Cr-oxide layer of the specimens increased in thickness with increasing creep rupture time, and delaminated after a long-time creep. The high creep stress induced a deep penetration of carbide depletion along the grain boundaries at the early stage of the creep test. The creep temperature enhanced the growth rate of the decarburized zone depth clearly, but the temperature effect on the growth of the external oxide and internal oxide was not well understood as the surface reaction and creep stress affected the microstructures complexly.

关键词： Alloy 617 Microstructure Creep Helium Oxide

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Double guidewire technique vs transpancreatic precut sphincterotomy in difficult biliary cannulation

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2013年第1期19卷 108-114页

作者： young Wook Yoo Sang-Woo Cha Woong Cheul lee Sae Hee Kim Anna Kim young deok Cho Department of Internal Medicine Gastroenterology and Hepatobiliary CenterCheongju St.Mary's HospitalCheongju 360-568South Korea Department of Internal Medicine Soonchunhyang University College of MedicineInstitute for Digestive ResearchDigestive Disease CenterSoonchunhyang University HospitalSeoul 140-743South Korea Division of Gastroenterology Department of Internal MedicineEulji University College of MedicineEulji University HospitalDaejeon 302-799South Korea

AIM:To compare the outcomes between doubleguidewire technique(DGT) and transpancreatic precut sphincterotomy(TPS) in patients with difficult biliary ***:This was a prospective,randomized study conducted in single tertiary referral hospital in *** January 2005 and September 2010.A total of 71 patients,who bile duct cannulation was not possible and selective pancreatic duct cannulation was achieved,were randomized into DGT(n = 34) and TPS(n = 37) *** or TPS was done for selective biliary *** measured the technical success rates of biliary cannulation,median cannulation time,and procedure related ***:The distribution of patients after randomization was balanced,and both groups were comparable in baseline characteristics,except the higher percentage of endoscopic nasobiliary drainage in the DGT group(55.9% vs 13.5%,P < 0.001).Successful cannulation rate and mean cannulation times in DGT and TPS groups were 91.2% vs 91.9% and 14.1 ± 13.2 min vs 15.4 ± 17.9 min,P = 0.732,*** was no significant difference between the two *** overall incidence of post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP) pancreatitis was 38.2% vs 10.8%,P < 0.011 in the DGT group and the TPS group;post-procedure pancreatitis was significantly higher in the DGT *** the overall incidence of post-ERCP hyperamylasemia was no significant difference between the two groups;DGT group vs TPS group:14.7% vs 16.2%,P < ***:When free bile duct cannulation was difficult and selective pancreatic duct cannulation was achieved,DGT and TPS facilitated biliary cannulation and showed similar success ***,post-procedure pancreatitis was significantly higher in the DGT group.

关键词： Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography Post-endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography pancreatitis Duoble guidewire technique Transpancrestic precut sphincterotomy

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Small sphincterotomy combined with endoscopic papillary large balloon dilation versus sphincterotomy

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2009年第34期15卷 4298-4304页

作者： Hyun Gun Kim young Koog Cheon young deok Cho Jong Ho Moon Do Hyun Park Tae Hoon lee Hyun Jong Choi Sang-Heum Park Joon Seong lee Moon Sung lee Institute for Digestive Research Digestive Disease Center Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine

AIM： To compare small sphincterotomy combined with endoscopic papillary large balloon dilation （SES ＋ ELBD） and endoscopic sphincterotomy （EST） for large bile duct stones. METHODS： We compared prospectively SES ＋ ELBD （group A, n = 27） with conventional EST （group B, n = 28） for the treatment of large bile duct stones （≥ 15 mm）. When the stone could not be removed with a normal basket, mechanical lithotripsy was performed. We compared the rates of complete stone removal with one session and application of mechanical lithotripsy. RESULTS： No significant differences were observed in the mean largest stone size （A： 20.8 mm, B： 21.3 mm）, bile duct diameter （A： 21.4 turn, B： 20.5 ram）, number of stones （A： 2.2, B： 2.3）, or procedure time （A： 18 min, B： 19 rain） between the two groups. The rates of complete stone removal with one session was 85% in group A and 86% in group B （P = 0.473）. Mechanical lithotripsy was required for stone removal in nine of 27 patients （33%） in group A and nine of 28 patients （32%, P = 0.527） in group ***： SES ＋ ELBD did not show significant benefits compared to conventional EST, especially for the removal of large （≥ 15 mm） bile duct stones.

关键词： Sphincterotomy Endoscopic Balloon dilatation Cholelithiasis Lithotripsy

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Morbidity analysis of left hepatic trisectionectomy for hepatobiliary disease and live donor

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2022年第4期21卷 362-369页

作者： young-In Yoon Sung-Gyu lee deok-Bog Moon Shin Hwang Ki-Hun Kim Hui-Ju Kim Ki-Hoon Choi Division of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Liver Transplantation Department of SurgeryAsan Medical CenterUniversity of Ulsan College of Medicine388-1 Poongnap-dongSongpa-guSeoul 138-736Korea Department of Surgery Gold Coast University HospitalSouthportQLD 4215Australia

Background:Despite remarkable advances in surgical techniques and perioperative management,left hepatic trisectionectomy(LHT)remains a challenging procedure with a somewhat high postoperative morbidity rate compared with less-extensive *** study aimed to analyze the short-and long-term outcomes of LHT and identify factors associated with the postoperative morbidity of this technically demanding surgical ***:The medical records of 53 patients who underwent LHT between June 2005 and October 2019 at a single institution were retrospectively *** independent prognostic factor of postoperative morbidity was analyzed using the logistic regression ***:Hepatocellular carcinoma was the most common indication for surgery(n=21),followed by hilar cholangiocarcinoma(n=14),intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma(n=10),and other pathologies(including colorectal liver metastasis,hepatolithiasis,gallbladder cancer,living donor,hemangioma,and multilocular biliary cyst;n=8).The rates of postoperative morbidities of Clavien-Dindo grade 3 or higher and 90-day mortality were 39.6% and 1.9%,*** 1-,3-,and 5-year overall survival rates were 81.1%,61.4%,and 44.6%,*** analysis revealed that preoperative jaundice[hazard ratio(HR)=6.15,95%confidence interval(CI):1.57-24.17,P=0.009]and operative time>420 min(HR=4.66,95%CI:1.27–17.17,P=0.021)were independent predictors of postoperative ***:The in-hospital mortality of LHT surgery can be minimalized by a reliable preoperative evaluation of liver function and selection of the dominant anatomic features of right posterior sector,active and appropriate preoperative management for obstructive cholangitis and compensatory hypertrophy of the future remnant posterior sector,and the experience of the surgeon.

关键词： Left hepatic trisectionectomy Major hepatectomy Liver neoplasms Survival rate Morbidity

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Effects of ethanol on the tonicity of corporal tissue and the intracellular Ca^2＋ concentration of human corporal smooth muscle cells

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2010年第6期12卷 890-898页

作者： Sung Chul Kam Mee Ree Chae Ji young Kim Seol Ho Choo deok Hyun Han Sung Won lee Department of Urology Samsung Medical Center Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine Seoul 135-710 Korea

Heavy alcohol consumption is associated with an increased risk of erectile dysfunction （ED）; however, the acute effects of ethanol （EtOH） on penile tissue are not fully understood. We sought to investigate the effects of EtOH on corporal tissue tonicity, as well as the intracellular Ca^2＋ concentration （[Ca^2＋]i） and potassium channel activity of corporal smooth muscle. Strips of corpus cavernosum （CC） from rabbits were mounted in organ baths for isometric tension studies. Electrical field stimulation （EFS） was applied to strips precontracted with 10 μmol L^-1 phenylephrine as a control. EtOH was then added to the organ bath and incubated before EFS. The [Ca^2＋]i levels were monitored by the ratio of fura-2 fluorescence intensities using the fura-2 loading method. Single-channel and whole-cell currents were recorded by the conventional patch-clamp technique in short-term cultured smooth muscle cells from human CC tissue. The corpus cavernosal relaxant response of EFS was decreased in proportion to the concentration of EtOH. EtOH induced a sustained increase in [Ca^2＋]i in a dose-dependent manner, Extracellular application of EtOH significantly increased whole-cell K^＋ currents in a concentration-dependent manner （P 〈 0.05）. EtOH also increased the open probability in cell-attached patches; however, in inside-out patches, the application of EtOH to the intracellular aspect of the patches induced slight inhibition of Ca^2＋-activated potassium channel （KCa） activity. EtOH caused a dose-dependent increase in cavemosal tension by alterations to [Ca^2＋]i. Although EtOH did not affect KCa channels directly, it increased the channel activity by increasing [Ca^2＋]i. The increased corpus cavemosal tone caused by EtOH might be one of the mechanisms of ED after heavy drinking.

关键词： alcohol Ca^2+-activated potassium channel corporal smooth muscle penile erection

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