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Evolution of tectonic landscapes and deformation in the southeast Kumaun and western Nepal Himalaya

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Journal of Mountain Science 2024年第8期21卷 2592-2617页

作者： Khayingshing LUIREI Girish ch.KOTHYARI Param K GAUTAM Ambar SOLANKI Atul Kumar PATIDAR Sentisenla JAMIR Anirudh DATTA Tanupriya chOUDHURY Wadia Institute of Himalayan Geology Dehradun 248001India Department of Petroleum Engineering and Earth Sciences University of Petroleum and Energy StudiesDehradun248007India Department of Geology Nagaland UniversityKohima 797004India Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research Ghaziabad 201002India CSE Department Graphic Era deemed to be UniversityDehradun 248002India CSE Department Symbiosis Institute of TechnologySymbiosis International(Deemed University)Pune 412114India

The area of the present investigation’s expanse constitutes the southernmost extent of the southeast Kumaun Himalaya and western Nepal *** approaches have been employed to understand the landforms associated with tectonic deformation,through detailed field investigation supplemented by the geodetic,chronological,and morphometric *** morphogenic expressions of the Main Boundary Thrust(MBT)are reflected in the form of~25 km long E-W trending north dipping fault *** deformation along the strike length of the Himalayan Frontal Thrust(HFT)is noticed in the form of uplifted and incised fill terraces,and strath *** deformation within the fluvial sequences in the study area can be visualized in the form of sheared boulders and pebbles,tilted and faulted terrace ***,the chronological data of fluvial landforms in the study area suggests two major phases of tectonic deformations that have occurred around 58.7±10.8 ka and 3.88±0.4 *** chronology of late-Quaternary landforms advocates that the initial stage of aggradations in the Himalayan foothills commenced around 75.1±0.58 *** aggradational landforms resulted from the diverse depositional regime as evident from the nature of the sediment sequences from clasts dominated to thick mud *** rate of deformation in the southeastern Kumaun and western Nepal Himalaya is±7 mm/yr,as per the data obtained from the Persistent Scatterer Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar(PSInSAR).The landform deformation pattern,phase of incision and aggradation,frequent occurrence of landslides,and recent past earthquake activity within the wide zone of the HFT,the MBT,and Ramgarh Thrust suggests that the southernmost front of the Kumaun Himalaya is active and has potential for future *** foothill zone of Himalayan towns are actively growing in terms of population and infrastructural ***,such intradisciplinary studies for tectonically active r

关键词： MBT HFT Fault trace Quaternary deposits sheared boulders

Circulation Pattern Controls of Summer Temperature Anomalies in Southern Africa

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2024年第2期41卷 341-354页

作者： chibuike chiedozie IBEBUchI Cameron C.lee Department of Geography Kent State UniversityKentOhio 44242USA ClimRISE Lab Kent State UniversityKentOhio 44242USA

This study investigates the relationship between circulation patterns and austral summer temperature anomalies in southern Africa. The results show that the formation of continental lows tends to increase the thickness of the lower atmosphere. Further, the distinct variabilities of high and low pressure under the circulation types, influence air mass advection from the adjacent oceans, as well as atmospheric stability over land. Stronger anticyclonic circulation at the western branch of the Mascarene high-pressure system enhances the low-level cold air advection by southeast winds,decreases the thickness, and lowers the temperature over a majority of the land in southern Africa. Conversely, a weaker Mascarene High, coupled with enhanced cyclonic activity in the southwest Indian Ocean increases low-level warm air advection and increases temperature anomalies over vast regions in southern Africa. The ridging of a closed South Atlantic anticyclone at the southern coast of southern Africa results in colder temperatures near the tip of southern Africa due to enhanced low-level cold air advection by southeast winds. However, when the ridge is weak and westerly winds dominate the southern coast of southern Africa, these areas experience temperature increases. The northward track of the Southern Hemisphere mid-latitude cyclone, which can be linked to the negative Southern Annular Mode, reduces the temperature in the southwestern part of southern Africa. Also, during the analysis period, El Ni?o was associated with temperature increases over the central parts of southern Africa;while the positive Indian Ocean dipole was linked to a temperature increase over the northeastern, northwestern, and southwestern parts of southern Africa.

关键词： temperature circulation types Subtropical Indian Ocean dipole Southern Annular Mode El Ni?o Indian Ocean dipole Mascarene High South Atlantic anticyclone

Omni-functional simultaneous interfacial treatment for enhancing stability and outgassing suppression of lithium-ion batteries

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Journal of Energy chemistry 2024年第7期94卷 677-687页

作者： Youbean lee chanjoo Park Kyoungmin Min Kwangjin Park Department of Mechanical Engineering Gachon UniversityGyeonggi-do 13120Republic of Korea Department of Battery Engineering Gachon UniversityGyeonggi-do 13120Republic of Korea School of Mechanical Engineering Soongsil UniversitySeoul 06978Republic of Korea

Ni-rich layered oxides in lithium-ion batteries have problems with gas generation and electrochemical performance reduction due to residual lithium's reaction on the surface with the *** address this issue,in this study,the Acid solvent evaporation(AsE)method has been proposed as a potential method to remove residual lithium while promoting the formation of a new LiNO_(3)-derived coating layer on the cathode *** reduction of residual lithium using the ASE method and the construction of a LiNO_(3)-derived coating layer suppresses gas evolution caused by the side effects of the electrolyte,improves electrochemical performance,and improves thermal stability by facilitating the smooth movement of lithium ***,the structural stability and resistance change due to the LiNO_(3)-derived coating layer effects is guaranteed through cycling and DCIR of the pouch *** a result,compared to Pristine,the capacity retention of coin cells increased by 8%after 100 cycles,and pouch cells increased by 25%after 160 *** addition,after cycling the pouch cell,CO_(2) gas has significantly reduced by about 30%compared to Pristine using gas *** ASE method effectively forms a robust LiNO_(3)-derived coating layer on the cathode active material,which helps minimize electrolyte reactivity,suppress ,CO_(2) emissions,enhance surface structure stability,improve thermal stability,and improveoverallbatteryperformance.

关键词： Lithium-ion batteries Ni-rich NCM Acid solvent evaporation LiNO_(3)-derived coating Gasevolution

Quantum vector DC magnetometry via selective phase accumulation

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Science china(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2024年第10期67卷 12-22页

作者： Min Zhuang Sijie chen Jiahao Huang chaohong lee Institute of Quantum Precision Measurement State Key Laboratory of Radio Frequency Heterogeneous IntegrationCollege of Physics and Optoelectronic EngineeringShenzhen UniversityShenzhen 518060China Quantum Science Center of Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area(Guangdong) Shenzhen 518045China Laboratory of Quantum Engineering and Quantum Metrology School of Physics and AstronomySun Yat-sen University(Zhuhai Campus)Zhuhai 519082China

Precision measurement of magnetic fields is a crucial issue in both fundamental scientific research and practical sensing *** sensitive detection of a vector magnetic field poses a significant challenge in quantum magnetometry,particularly in estimating a vector DC magnetic field with high ***,we propose a comprehensive protocol for quantum vector DC magnetometry,utilizing selective phase accumulation in both non-entangled and entangled quantum *** upon the principles of Ramsey interferometry,our protocol enables the selective accumulation of phase for a specific magnetic field component by incorporating a meticulously designed pulse *** the individual measurement scheme,we employ three individual quantum interferometries to independently estimate each of the three magnetic field ***,in the simultaneous measurement scheme,the application of a pulse sequence along different directions enables the simultaneous estimation of all three magnetic field components using only one quantum ***,by employing an entangled state(such as the Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger state)as the input state,the measurement precisions of all three components may reach the Heisenberg *** study not only establishes a general protocol for measuring vector magnetic fields using quantum probes,but also presents a viable pathway for achieving entanglement-enhanced multi-parameter estimation.

关键词： magnetometry quantum interferometry entanglement-enhanced quantum metrology

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Obituary:*** Zhang(1963-2023)-A scientist focused on toxins and their underlying mechanisms to decipher human diseases

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Zoological Research 2024年第1期45卷 230-232页

作者： Wenhui lee Ren Lai the Key Laboratory of Bioactive Peptides of Yunnan Province Engineering Laboratory of Peptides of Chinese Academy of SciencesKIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common DiseasesNational Resource Centre for Non-Human PrimatesKunming Primate Research CentreNational Research Facility for Phenotypic&Genetic Analysis of Model Animals(Primate Facility)Sino-African Joint Research CentreNew Cornerstone Science InstituteKunming Institute of ZoologyChinese Academy of SciencesKunmingYunnan 650107China

*** Zhang was born on 9 July 1963 in Kunming,Yunnan,china,during a tumultuous period which he often *** his life,he harbored a steadfast belief in using knowledge to unravel the mysteries of human *** educational journey was marked by frequent changes in schools due to his parents’occupational ***,despite these challenges,he consistently displayed diligence and was admitted to the East china University of Science and Technology,Shanghai,after completing high school in *** remained an active and loyal member of the School of Biotechnology at the university.

关键词： admitted harbor mechanisms

Do brood parasitic Common Cuckoos develop brood patches during the breeding season?

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Avian Research 2024年第3期15卷 363-368页

作者： Jun-Seo Go Hae-Ni Kim Sue-Jeong Jin Myeong-chan cha Heesoo lee Jin-Won lee Korea Institute of Ornithology&Department of Biology Kyung Hee University02447SeoulRepublic of Korea Bird Research SaeZiP 12504YangpyeongRepublic of Korea

Many birds develop brood patches on their ventral apterium under hormonal regulation to effectively transmit body heat to eggs during *** developed patch has several characteristics,including de-feathering,vascularization,and ***,little is known about whether avian brood parasites that do not incubate their eggs exhibit brood patch development during the breeding *** this study,we measured the size of the ventral apterium in 114 Common Cuckoos(Cuculus canorus)captured in the field throughout the breeding season and examined the appearance of the ventral apterium to confirm the development of brood *** also examined whether morphological traits and various factors correlated with the size of the ventral apterium(sternal apterium and abdominal apterium)and how it changed during the breeding *** found no clear signs of brood patch development in Common Cuckoos captured throughout the breeding season,indicating that they likely did not develop brood patches on the ventral apterium during this *** also found that ventral apterium size was positively correlated with wing length and body *** addition,Common Cuckoos with newly growing feathers on the boundary of the ventral apterium with pteryla were frequently observed as seasons progressed to the *** conclusion,Common Cuckoos exhibit neither brood patch development nor the vestigial characteristics of ancestral brood patches,except for the growth of feathers on boundary the ventral *** studies examining brood patches across different groups of avian brood parasites are valuable for enhancing our understanding of the developmental and physiological adaptations of avian brood parasites.

关键词： Brood parasitism Brood patch Common Cuckoo Pterylosis Re-feathering Ventral apterium

Highly divergent sympatric lineages of Leptotila verreauxi(Aves:Columbidae)suggest a secondary contact area in the Isthmus of Tehuantepec,Mexico

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Avian Research 2024年第1期15卷 12-21页

作者： Orlando J.Espinosa-chávez Adolfo G.Navarro-Sigüenza Hernando Rodríguez-Correa Luis A.Sánchez-González Museo de Zoología“Alfonso L.Herrera” Depto.de Biología EvolutivaFacultad de CienciasUniversidad Nacional Autonoma de MexicoApdo.Postal 70-399CP 04510Ciudad de MexicoMexico Posgrado en Ciencias Biologicas Unidad de PosgradoEdificio D1◦PisoCircuito de PosgradosCiudad UniversitariaUniversidad Nacional Autonoma de MexicoCoyoacanCP 04510CDMXMexico Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores Unidad Morelia Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico.Antigua Carretera a Patzcuaro No.8701 Col.Ex Hacienda de San Jose de la HuertaC.P.58190MoreliaMichoacanMexico

Due to a complex geological and biotic history,the Isthmus of Tehuantepec(IT),has been long recognized as a driver for the evolutionary divergence of numerous lowland and highland *** distributed in the lowlands of the American continent,the White-Tipped Dove(Leptotila verreauxi)is a polytypic species with 13 recognized *** of these have been recorded in Mexico,and the distribution of three abuts at the IT,suggesting a contact *** estimate phylogenetic patterns,divergence times and genetic differentiation,we examined two mt DNA(ND2 and COI)and one n DNA(β-fibint 7)*** also used correlative ecological niche models(ENM)to assess whether ecological differences across the IT may have acted as a biogeographical *** estimated paleodistributions during the Middle Holocene,Last Glacial Maximum and Last Interglacial,to evaluate the influence of climate changes on the distribution and demographic *** results showed genetically distinct lineages that diverged approximately 2.5 million years *** and ecological factors may have played a dual role in promoting differentiation,but also in the formation of a secondary contact zone in the southern *** ecological niche comparisons indicated that the ecological niche of sympatric lineages at the IT are not identical,suggesting niches divergence;in addition,environmental niche models across the region indicated no abrupt biogeographic barriers,but the presence of regions with low *** results suggest that genetic differentiation originated by a vicariant event probably related to environmental factors,favored the evolution of different ecological ***,the absence of a biogeographic barrier but the presence of less suitable areas in the contact regions,suggest that secondary contact zones may be also maintained by climatic factors for the eastern group,but also by biotic interactions for the western group.

关键词： Biogeographical boundary Humid and dry forests Isthmus of Tehuantepec Phylogeography Secondary contact

Enhancement of vertical phase separation in sequentially deposited organic photovoltaics through the independent processing of additives

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Journal of Energy chemistry 2024年第7期94卷 768-777页

作者： Damin lee changwoo Park Gayoung Ham Young Yong Kim Sung-Nam Kwon Junyeong lee Sungjin Jo Seok-In Na Hyojung cha Department of Hydrogen and Renewable Energy Kyungpook National UniversityDaegu 41566Republic of Korea Department of Energy Convergence and Climate change Kyungpook National UniversityDaegu 41566Republic of Korea Pohang Accelerator Laboratory(PAL) Pohang University of Science and Technology(POSTECH)PohangGyeongbuk 37673Republic of Korea Department of Flexible and Printable Electronics Jeonbuk National UniversityJeonju-siJeollabuk-do 54896Republic of Korea School of Energy Engineering Kyungpook National UniversityDaegu 41566Republic of Korea

Herein,the impact of the independent control of processing additives on vertical phase separation in sequentially deposited (SD) organic photovoltaics (OPVs) and its subsequent effects on charge carrier kinetics at the electron donor-acceptor interface are *** film morphology exhibits notable variations,significantly depending on the layer to which 1,8-diiodooctane (DIO) was *** incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering analysis reveals distinctly separated donor/acceptor phases and vertical crystallinity details in SD ***-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry analysis is employed to obtain component distributions in diverse vertical phase structures of SD films depending on additive *** addition,nanosecond transient absorption spectroscopy shows that DIO control significantly affects the dynamics of separated charges in SD *** SD OPVs,DIO appears to act through distinct mechanisms with minimal restriction,depending on the applied *** study emphasizes the significance of morphological optimization in improving device performance and underscores the importance of independent additive control in the advancement of OPV technology.

关键词： Sequential deposition Vertical phase separation charge dynamics Organic photovoltaics Nonfullerene acceptors

Highly efficient and stable organic solar cells with SnO_(2)electron transport layer enabled by UV-curing acrylate oligomers

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Journal of Energy chemistry 2024年第5期92卷 124-131页

作者： Mwende Mbilo Du Hyeon Ryu Seungjin lee Muhammad Haris Julius Mwakondo Mwabora Robinson Juma Musembi Hang Ken lee Sang Kyu lee chang Eun Song Won Suk Shin Department of Physics Faculty of Science and TechnologyUniversity of Nairobi(UoN)P.O.Box 30197-00100NairobiKenya Advanced Energy Materials Research Center Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology(KRICT)Daejeon 34114Republic of Korea Advanced Materials and chemical Engineering University of Science and Technology(UST)Daejeon 34113Republic of Korea

The interfaces between the inorganic metal oxide and organic photoactive layer are of outmost importance for efficiency and stability in organic solar cells(OSCs).Tin oxide(SnO_(2))is one of the promising candidates for the electron transport layer(ETL)in high-performance inverted *** a solution-processed SnO_(2)ETL is employed,however,the presence of interfacial defects and suboptimal interfacial contact can lower the power conversion efficiency(PCE)and operational stability of ***,highly efficient and stable inverted OSCs by modification of the SnO_(2)surface with ultraviolet(UV)-curable acrylate oligomers(SAR and OCS)are *** highest PCEs of 16.6%and 17.0%are achieved in PM6:Y6-BO OSCs with the SAR and OCS,respectively,outperforming a device with a bare SnO_(2)ETL(PCE 13.8%).The remarkable enhancement of PCEs is attributed to the optimized interfacial contact,leading to mitigated surface *** strikingly,improved light-soaking and thermal stability strongly correlated with the interfacial defects are demonstrated for OSCs based on SnO_(2)/UV cross-linked resins compared to OSCs utilizing bare SnO_(2).We believe that UV cross-linking oligomers will play a key role as interfacial modifiers in the future fabrication of large-area and flexible OSCs with high efficiency and stability.

关键词： Organic solar cells SnO_(2) Surface defects Ultraviolet resins Stability Cross-linking oligomers Non-halogenated solvent