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Response of native and exotic longhorn beetles to common pheromone components provides partial support for the pheromone-free space hypothesis

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Insect Science 2021年第3期28卷 793-810页

作者： Davide Rassati Matteo Marchioro leah Flaherty Riccardo Poloni Sara Edwards Massimo Faccoli Jon Sweeney Department of Agronomy FoodNatural ResourcesAnimals and Environment(DAFNAE)University of PaduaPadovaItaly Department of Biological Sciences MacEwan UniversityEdmontonAlbertaCanada Department of Biology University of PaduaPadovaItaly Forest Protection Limited Fredericton International AirportLincolnNew BrunswickCanada Natural Resources Canada Canadian Forest Service-Atlantic Forestry CentreFrederictonNew BrunswickCanada

Longhorn beetles are among the most important groups of invasive forest in-sects *** parallel,they represent one of the most well-studied insect groups interms of chemical *** beetle aggregation-sex pheromones are commonlyused as trap lures for specific and generic surveillance programs at points of entry andmay play a key role in determining the success or failure of exotic species *** exotic species might be more likely to establish in a novel habitat if it relies on apheromone channel that is different to that of native species active at the same time of yearand day,allowing for unhindered mate location(i.e.,pheromone-free space hypothesis).Inthis study,we first tested the attractiveness of single pheromone components(i.e.,racemic3-hydroxyhexan-2-one,racemic 3-hydroxyoctan-2-one,and syn-2,3-hexanediol),and theirbinary and tertiary combinations,to native and exotic longhorn beetle species in Canadaand ***,we exploited trap catches to determine their seasonal flight ***,we used pheromone-baited"timer traps"to determine longhorn beetle daily *** response to single pheromones and their combinations was mostly speciesspecific but the combination of more than one pheromone component allowed catch ofmultiple species simultancously in *** response of the exotic species to pheromonecomponents,coupled with results on seasonal and daily flight activity,provided partialsupport for the pheromone-free space *** study aids in the understanding oflonghorn beetle chemical ecology and confirms that pheromones can play a key role inlonghorn beetle invasions.

关键词： Cerambycidae Cerambycinae invasion process surveillance trapping

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A GPU-Accelerated Mixed-Precision WENO Method for Extremal Black Hole and Gravitational Wave Physics Computations

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Communications on Applied Mathematics and Computation 2023年第1期5卷 97-115页

作者： Scott E.Field Sigal Gottlieb Zachary J.Grant leah F.Isherwood Gaurav Khanna University of Massachusetts Dartmouth North DartmouthMA 02747USA Department of Computational and Applied Mathematics Oak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTN 37830USA University of Rhode Island KingstonRI 02881USA

We develop and use a novel mixed-precision weighted essentially non-oscillatory(WENO)method for solving the Teukolsky equation,which arises when modeling perturbations of Kerr black *** show that WENO methods outperform higher-order finite-difference methods,standard in the discretization of the Teukolsky equation,due to the need to add dissipation for stability purposes in the *** particular,as the WENO scheme uses no additional dissipation,it is well suited for scenarios requiring long-time evolution such as the study of price tails and gravitational wave emission from extreme mass ratio *** the mixed-precision approach,the expensive computation of the WENO weights is performed in reduced floating-point precision that results in a significant speedup factor of≈*** addition,we use state-of-the-art Nvidia general-purpose graphics processing units and cluster parallelism to further accelerate the WENO *** optimized WENO solver can be used to quickly generate accurate results of significance in the field of black hole and gravitational wave *** apply our solver to study the behavior of the Aretakis charge—a conserved quantity,that if detected by a gravitational wave observatory like LIGO/Virgo would prove the existence of extremal black holes.

关键词： Numerical methods-Finite differencing Hyperbolic Partial differential equations Black holesblack holes WENO

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Nut and peanut butter consumption and risk of prostate cancer in the NIH-AARP diet and health study

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Cancer Communications 2022年第1期42卷 65-69页

作者： Mimi Ton leah M.Ferrucci Stephanie J.Weinstein Maryam Hashemian Demetrius Albanes Jiaqi Huang Metabolic Epidemiology Branch Division of Cancer Epidemiology and GeneticsNational Cancer InstituteBethesdaMD 20892United States Yale School of Public Health Yale UniversityNew HavenCT 06520United States Yale Cancer Center Yale UniversityNew HavenCT 06520United States Department of Biology School of Arts and SciencesUtica CollegeUticaNY 13502United States National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases Key Laboratory of Diabetes ImmunologyMinistry of Educationand Department of Metabolism and EndocrinologyThe Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South UniversityChangshaHunan 410011China

Dear Editor,Prostate cancer is the second most common cancer among men worldwide and leading cancer in incidence among men in the United States(us).In 2018,the us had over 190,000 new prostate cancer cases,accounting for almost 1 in 5 new male cancer diagnoses[1].A recent review of dietary factors in relation to prostate cancer risk did not find evidence regarding nut consumption as neither a risk nor protective factor,though it has been hypothesized to be associated with a decreased cancer risk through multi-ple mechanisms[2].

关键词： protective cancer dietary

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Chemistry-led investigations into the mode of action of NAMPT activators,resulting in the discovery of non-pyridyl class NAMPT activators

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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 2023年第2期13卷 709-721页

作者： Siyuan Tang Miguel Garzon Sanz Oliver Smith Andreas krämer Daniel Egbase Paul W.Caton Stefan Knapp Sam Butterworth Division of Pharmacy and Optometry School of Health SciencesManchester Academic Health Sciences CentreUniversity of ManchesterManchester M139PLUK Structural Genomics Consortium(SGC) 60438 Frankfurt Am MainGermany Buchmann Institute for Life Sciences(BMLS) 60438 Frankfurt Am MainGermany Institut für Pharmazeutische Chemie Goethe University60438 Frankfurt Am MainGermany Frankfurt Cancer Institute(FCI) 60596 Frankfurt Am MainGermany Department of Diabetes School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine&SciencesFaculty of Life Sciences&MedicineKing's College LondonLondon SE11ULUK

The cofactor nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide(NAD+)plays a key role in a wide range of physiological processes and maintaining or enhancing NAD+levels is an established approach to enhancing healthy ***,several classes of nicotinamide phosphoribosyl transferase(NAMPT)activators have been shown to increase NAD+levels in vitro and in vivo and to demonstrate beneficial effects in animal *** best validated of these compounds are structurally related to known urea-type NAMPT inhibitors,however the basis for the switch from inhibitory activity to activation is not well *** we report an evaluation of the structure activity relationships of NAMPT activators by designing,synthesising and testing compounds from other NAMPT ligand chemotypes and mimetics of putative phosphoribosylated adducts of known *** results of these studies led us to hypothesise that these activators act via a through-water interaction in the NAMPT active site,resulting in the design of the first known urea-class NAMPT activator that does not utilise a pyridine-like warhead,which shows similar or greater activity as a NAMPT activator in biochemical and cellular assays relative to known analogues.

关键词： Nicotinamide phosphoribosyl transferase activator Healthy aging Drug discovery Bioisosteres Medicinal chemistry

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Optimisation of Benzodiazepine Immunoassay using <i>β</i>-Glucuronidase Enzymatic Hydrolysis: A Comparison of Five Different <i>β</i>-Glucuronidase Enzymes

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2022年第1期10卷 7-15页

作者： Ashraf Mina leah McNeice Shanmugam Banukumar Santiago Vazquez NSW Health Pathology Forensic & Analytical Science Service (FASS) Toxicology Unit Macquarie Hospital Sydney Australia Affiliated Senior Clinical Lecturer Faculty of Medicine and Health Sydney University Sydney Australia

Background: Hydrolysis improves the sensitivity of drug detection for drug classes such as opiates/opioids and benzodiazepines, which are highly metabolized by glucuronidation and sulfation and should be implemented in analytical procedures to convert conjugated metabolites into the free or unbound form. This study was aimed to compare different enzymes to make an informed decision. Methods: In this study, the CEDIA Benzodiazepine assay was compared with the LC-MS-MS method using 150 positive urine samples and 50 negative urine samples. The samples were analysed without adding any enzyme and then by adding different enzymes to compare their performance. Results: The Kura Escherichia coli enzyme performed better than the Roche Escherichia coli enzyme which had 20% false-positive results. Kura BG-100 enzyme performed well but Kura B-One enzyme performed better The Kura B-One enzyme had only 11.5% false-positive results. When double the volume of Kura B-One enzyme was used to test to see if it will have any impact on reducing the number of false negatives, it performed worse. Kura Turbo enzyme behaved similarly to Kura BG-100. Conclusions: The β-glucuronidase enzymes comparison allowed us to identify the Kura B-One enzyme as the enzyme of choice for our operation because it reduces the false positives from 20% to 11.5% when compared with the Roche enzyme. It also improved the detection of oxazepam. The Kura B-One enzyme has a short incubation time for hydrolysis when used with the LC-MS-MS method. As a result, we improved the overall turn-around time and reduced the number of false positives that needed confirmation.

关键词： β-Glucuronidase Enzyme CEDIA Benzodiazepine 7-Amino Clonazepam 7-Amino Clonazepam

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Towards Safer and More Sustainable Ways for Exploiting Nuclear Power

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World Journal of Nuclear Science and Technology 2020年第3期10卷 91-115页

作者： Wolfgang krö ger Didier Sornette Ali Ayoub Department of Management Technology and Economics (D-MTEC) ETH Zurich Zurich Switzerland

Future electricity systems are challenged by deep decarbonization and concurrently increasing demand and there are growing concerns that renewables cannot shoulder this alone. Starting from the proven principle of diversity, we argue for keeping the nuclear option open or even for expanding its use. However, the perspectives are dim for the current technology as safety concerns and social aversion remain as fundamental problems. While looking for future revolutionary safe and more sustainable nuclear concepts we first review the main characteristics of civil nuclear energy, as well as its safety records and technical progress. We then list the key requirements for innovative nuclear systems designs which are less dependent on active safety systems and human performance as well as social stability. This allows us to provide a concept by concept comparison and assessment of existing and novel technologies and designs including different coolants and neutron spectra. The results indicate a high potential for far-reaching improvements compared to most advanced LWRs, although none of the candidate concepts meets all requirements convincingly, yet, helium cooled, small modular reactors (HTR-PM) come closest. We end by stressing the need for future research and development, and keeping human capital and know-how in nuclear energy;we call for an urgent increase in government and international RD&D funding by the order of a few hundreds of billions of usD per year, which will likely lead to breakthroughs that will restart productivity growth in severely affected stagnating modern economies.

关键词： Low-Carbon Energy Systems Sustainability Nuclear Safety Safety Requirements Advanced Reactor Concepts SMR RD&D Needs

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坐以待毙:久坐坏处多(英文)

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大学英语 2014年第5期 24-25页

作者： leah Chernikoff 陆久霖

久坐有害健康，这是常识。但有人觉得：只要平时注意饮食，加强运动就可以了。然而，越来越多的研究表明。运动并不能抵消久坐的危害。

关键词：高校英语课外阅读阅读材料

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Hepatic cystic echinococcosis:Percutaneous treatment as an outpatient procedure

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Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine 2014年第3期7卷 212-215页

作者： Mert Kroglu Bekir Erol Cemil Gürses Baris Türkbey Cem Yunus Bas Ahmet Sükrü Alparslan Banu Kale Kroglu Iclal Erdem Toslak Bülent eki Okan Akhan Clinic of Radiology Antalya Education and Research Hospital Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine Department of Radiology Süleyman Demirel University Faculty of Medicine Department of Internal Medicine

Objective:To demonstrate utility and safety of the puncture aspiration injection and reospiration(PAIR)technique for ***:Percutaneous treatment with us guidance was applied to 33 patients for 44 *** treated with the PAIR technique,were *** and catheterization technique were evaluated for efficacy and safety of procedure and complication ***:Thirty-five of 44 cysts were treated with the PAIR and 9 of 44 were treated with the catheterization *** success rate of the cysts Gharbi type 1(CEI)and type 2(Ct3a)treated with the PAIR technique was *** the follow up of 9 cysts treated with the catheterization technique,2 of them(22%)developed cyst infection and 1(11%)developed a biliary ***:The PAIR technique was found to be an effective and safe approach in order to treat Gharbi type 1 and type 2 cysts percutaneously for *** has a very low complication rate in comparison with the catheterization *** every effort should be mode to finish the treatment with PAIR technique.

关键词： Liver Hydatid cyst Percutancous treatment

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Developing a Heme Iron Database for Meats According to Meat Type, Cooking Method and Doneness Level

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2012年第7期3卷 905-913页

作者： Amanda J. Cross James M. Harnly leah M. Ferrucci Adam Risch Susan T. Mayne Rashmi Sinha Information Management Services Inc. Silver Spring MD Nutritional Epidemiology Branch Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics National Cancer Institute 6120 Executive Blvd Rockville MD 20852 Nutritional Epidemiology Branch Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics National Cancer Institute National Institutes of Health Rockville USA us Department of Agriculture Food Composition and Methods Development Laboratory Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center Agricultural Research Service Beltsville MD 20705 Yale School of Public Health New Haven CT

Background: Animal studies have demonstrated that iron may be related to carcinogenesis, and human studies found that heme iron can increase the formation of Nnitroso compounds, which are known carcinogens. Objectives: One of the postulated mechanisms linking red meat intake to cancer risk involves iron. Epidemiologic studies attempt to investigate the association between heme iron intake and cancer by applying a standard factor to total iron from meat. However, laboratory studies suggest that heme iron levels in meat vary according to cooking method and doneness level. We measured heme iron in meats cooked by different cooking methods to a range of doneness levels to use in conjunction with a food frequency questionnaire to estimate heme iron intake. Methods: Composite meat samples were made to represent each meat type, cooking method and doneness level. Heme iron was measured using atomic absorption spectrometry and inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry. Results: Steak and hamburgers contained the highest levels of heme iron, pork and chicken thigh meat had slightly lower levels, and chicken breast meat had the lowest. Conclusions: Although heme iron levels varied, there was no clear effect of cooking method or doneness level. We outline the methods used to create a heme iron database to be used in conjunction with food frequency questionnaires to estimate heme iron intake in relation to disease outcome.

关键词： Meat Heme Iron Database

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Incorporation of Leguminous Cover Crops in Smallholder Cassava-Based Production System in Western Tanzania

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2017年第13期8卷 3490-3501页

作者： Peter Z. Matata Alexandre M. A. Passos leah W. Masolwa Alaerto L. Marcolan Rodrigo da S. Ribeiro Tumbi Agricultural Research Institute Tabora Tanzania Embrapa Maize and Sorghum Sete Lagoas Brazil Embrapa Rondonia Porto Velho Brazil Federal University of Rondonia Rolim de Moura Brazil

Small-scale crop production in many parts of Tanzania is constrained by many problems among which soil fertility degradation is a major problem. Over 80% of cassava (Manihot esculenta) production in Tanzania is done by the small-scale farmers who continuously cultivate their fields, but use limited inputs to restore depleted plant nutrients. The objective of this study was to examine the best legume species that could be incorporated in cassava (Manihot esculenta) production systems under farmers’ conditions and result in increase in soil fertility and crop yields. Mucuna pruriens and Canavalia ensiformis were either incorporated with cassava (Manihot esculenta) or planted as sole crop in rotation with cassava. Mucuna pruriens and Canavalia ensiformis were found to produce almost similar amount of biomass. The two legumes, however, produced higher biomass in rotation than intercropping system. The amount of biomass produced by Mucuna pruriens and Canavalia ensiformis in rotation system was 6.28 t·ha-1 and 5.31 t·ha-1, respectively. The Mucuna use represents an input of nitrogen into the soil which simulates a saving cost of 181.42 and 141.96 us$ ha-1. In the first year, cassava root yields were significantly increased (p us sole cassava) (1.44 t·ha-1) by the use of intercropping of cassava (Manihot esculenta) with Mucuna pruriens (2.41 t·ha-1) and or Canavalia ensiformis (2.25 t·ha-1). Intercropping and rotation of cassava with legumes increase cassava yield and represent a sustainable alternative to reduce the farms’ dependence on external inputs and to enhance inherent soil fertility.

关键词： Mucuna pruriens Canavalia ensiformis Intercropping Rotation Climate Change

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