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Molecular collisions:From near-cold to ultra-cold

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Frontiers of physics 2021年第4期16卷 27-64页

作者： Yang Liu le luo School of Physics and Astronomy Sun Yat-Sen UniversityZhuhai 519082China

In the past two decades,the revolutionary technologies of creating cold and ultracold molecules have provided cutting-edge experiments for studying the fundamental phenomena of collision *** a large degree,the recent explosion of interest in the molecular collisions has been sparked by dramatic progress of experimental capabilities and theoretical methods,which permit molecular collisions to be explored deep in the quantum mechanical *** experimental advances in the field have already been achieved,and the authors,from an experimental perspective,provide a review of these studies for exploring the nature of molecular collisions occurring at temperatures ranging from the Kelvin to the nanoKelvin regime,as well as for applications of producing ultracold molecules.

关键词： molecular collision near cold collisions cold collisions ultracold collisions

Implication and challenges of direct-fed microbial supplementation to improve ruminant production and health

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2022年第2期13卷 316-337页

作者： Yajing Ban le luo Guan Department of Agricultural Food and Nutritional ScienceUniversity of AlbertaEdmontonAlberta T6G 2P5Canada

Direct-fed microbials(DFMs)are feed additives containing live naturally existing microbes that can benefit animals’health and production *** to the banned or strictly limited prophylactic and growth promoting usage of antibiotics,DFMs have been considered as one of antimicrobial alternatives in livestock *** used as DFMs for ruminants usually consist of bacteria including lactic acid producing bacteria,lactic acid utilizing bacteria and other bacterial groups,and fungi containing Saccharomyces and *** date,the available DFMs for ruminants have been largely based on their effects on improving the feed efficiency and ruminant productivity through enhancing the rumen function such as stabilizing ruminal pH,promoting ruminal fermentation and feed *** research has shown emerging evidence that the DFMs may improve performance and health in young ruminants,however,these positive outcomes were not consistent among studies and the modes of action have not been clearly *** review summarizes the DFM studies conducted in ruminants in the last decade,aiming to provide the new knowledge on DFM supplementation strategies for various ruminant production stages,and to identify what are the potential barriers and challenges for current ruminant industry to adopt the *** literature research indicates that DFMs have the potential to mitigate ruminal acidosis,improve immune response and gut health,increase productivity(growth and milk production),and reduce methane emissions or fecal shedding of *** research is needed to explore the mode of action of specific DFMs in the gut of ruminants,and the optimal supplementation strategies to promote the development and efficiency of DFM products for ruminants.

关键词： DFM-microbial interaction Direct-fed microbials Gut health Host-DFM interaction Ruminants

Understanding host-microbial interactions in rumen：searching the best opportunity for microbiota manipulation

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2017年第2期8卷 300-306页

作者： Nilusha Malmuthuge le luo Guan Department of Agricultural Food and Nutritional ScienceUniversity of AlbertaEdmonton T6G 2P5ABCanada 4–16 F Agriculture/Forestry CenterDepartment of AgriculturalFood and Nutritional ScienceUniversity of AlbertaEdmonton T6G 2P5ABCanada

Ruminants utilize a wide variety of dietary substrates that are not digestible by the mammals, through microbial fermentation taking place in the rumen. Recent advanced molecular based approaches have allowed the characterization of rumen microbiota and its compositional changes under various treatment ***, the knowledge is still limited on the impacts of variations in the rumen microbiota on host biology and function. This review summarizes the information to date on host-microbial interactions in the rumen and how we can apply such information to seek the opportunities to enhance the animal performance through manipulating the rumen function.

关键词： Host-microbial interaction Rumen microbial manipulation Ruminants

Understanding the role of rumen epithelial host-microbe interactions in cattle feed efficiency

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Animal Nutrition 2022年第3期10卷 41-53页

作者： Sang Weon Na le luo Guan Department of Agricultural Food&Nutritional ScienceUniversity of AlbertaEdmontonAlbertaCanada

Feed efficiency is one of the economically important traits for the cattle industry that affects profit(feed costs)and the environment(production of manure and methane).Due to that feed efficiency is driven by multi-factors,mechanisms contributing to the animal to animal variation in this trait have not been well defined,limiting the development of precision feeding strategies to improve the herd production *** microbial fermentation and volatile fatty acids(VFA)production have been recently reported to be associated with cattle feed efficiency,however the roles of rumen epithelial function in feed efficiency are less studied although the rumen epithelium has an important function in VFA absorption and metabolism which can affect host feed *** epithelium is colonized with a diverse microbial population,termed epimural microbiota,which has proposed functions in tissue development,barrier and inflammation,urea transport,and oxygen scavenging,suggesting that they can affect rumen epithelial functions and subsequently cattle feed ***,prospective functions of epimural microbiota,enhanced rumen immunity and increased rumen epithelial thickness,might contribute to less nutritional requirement for tissue ***,the understanding of the functions of rumen epithelium,epimural microbiota,and rumen epithelial host-microbe interactions is essential to identify their roles in contributing to feed *** this review,we will focus on to date research findings on the structure of rumen epithelium,epimural microbiota,and epithelial host-microbe interactions together with their functions and how these are associated with feed efficiency,aiming to provide insights on future directions to study rumen epithelial host-microbe interactions and improve the rumen functions in cattle.

关键词： Ruminant Feed efficiency Rumen epithelium Epimural microbiota Microbiome

Distributed exact Grover’s algorithm

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Frontiers of physics 2023年第5期18卷 255-279页

作者： Xu Zhou Daowen Qiu le luo Institute of Quantum Computing and Computer Theory School of Computer Science and EngineeringSun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou 510006China The Guangdong Key Laboratory of Information Security Technology Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou 510006China School of Physics and Astronomy Sun Yat-sen UniversityZhuhai 519082China QUDOOR Co Ltd.Beijing 100089China

Distributed quantum computation has gained extensive *** this paper,we consider a search problem that includes only one target item in the unordered *** that,we propose a distributed exact Grover’s algorithm(DEGA),which decomposes the original search problem into■n/2■***,(i)our algorithm is as exact as the modified version of Grover’s algorithm by Long,which means the theoretical probability of finding the objective state is 100%;(ii)the actual depth of our circuit is 8(n mod 2)+9,which is less than the circuit depths of the original and modified Grover’s algorithms,1+8■π/4√2^(n)■and 9+8■π/4√2^(n)-1/2■,*** only depends on the parity of n,and it is not deepened as n increases;(iii)we provide particular situations of the DEGA on MindQuantum(a quantum software)to demonstrate the practicality and validity of our *** our circuit is shallower,it will be more resistant to the depolarization channel noise.

关键词： distributed quantum computation search problem distributed exact Grover’s algorithm(DEGA) MindQuantum the depolarization channel noise

A review of the resistome within the digestive tract of livestock

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2022年第3期13卷 642-661页

作者： Tao Ma Tim A.McAllister le luo Guan Key laboratory of Feed Biotechnology of the Ministry of Agriculture Institute of Feed ResearchChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100081China Department of Agricultural Food and Nutritional ScienceUniversity of AlbertaT6G2P5EdmontonABCanada lethbridge Research and Development Centre LethbridgeAB T1J 4P4Canada

Antimicrobials have been widely used to prevent and treat infectious diseases and promote growth in food-production ***,the occurrence of antimicrobial resistance poses a huge threat to public and animal health,especial y in less developed countries where food-producing animals often intermingle with *** limit the spread of antimicrobial resistance from food-production animals to humans and the environment,it is essential to have a comprehensive knowledge of the role of the resistome in antimicrobial resistance(AMR),The resistome refers to the col ection of al antimicrobial resistance genes associated with microbiota in a given *** dense microbiota in the digestive tract is known to harbour one of the most diverse resistomes in *** of the resistome in the digestive tract of humans and animals are increasing exponential y as a result of advancements in next-generation sequencing and the expansion of bioinformatic resources/tools to identify and describe the *** this review,we outline the various tools/bioinformatic pipelines currently available to characterize and understand the nature of the intestinal resistome of swine,poultry,and *** then propose future research directions including analysis of resistome using long-read sequencing,investigation in the role of mobile genetic elements in the expression,function and transmission of *** review outlines the current knowledge and approaches to studying the resistome in food-producing animals and sheds light on future strategies to reduce antimicrobial usage and control the spread of AMR both within and from livestock production systems.

关键词： Antimicrobial resistance Antimicrobial resistance gene Digestive tract Food-producing animal Metagenomic sequencing Resistome

Controllable preparation of particles with microfluidics

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Particuology 2011年第6期9卷 545-558页

作者： Guangsheng luo le Du Yujun Wang Yangcheng Lu Jianhong Xu The State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering Department of Chemical Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China

This paper reviews recent development and achievements in controllable preparation of nanoparticles, micron spherical and non-spherical particles, using microfluidics. A variety of synthesis strategies are presented and compared, including single-phase and multiphase microflows. The main structures of microfluidic devices and the fundamental principles of microflows for particle preparation are summarized and identified. The controllability of particle size, size distribution, crystal structure, morphology, physical and chemical properties, is examined in terms of the special features of microfluidic reactors. An outlook on opinions and predictions concerning the future development of powder technology with microfluidics is specially provided.

关键词： Microfluidics Nanoparticles Micron spherical particles Micron non-spherical particles Preparation technology

Optimal Control Policy of M/G/1 Queueing System with Delayed Randomized Multiple Vacations Under the Modified Min(N,D)-Policy Control

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Journal of the Operations Research Society of China 2023年第4期11卷 857-874页

作者： le luo Ying-Hui Tang Miao-Miao Yu Wen-Qing Wu School of Mathematical Sciences Sichuan Normal UniversityChengdu610068SichuanChina Nanchong Vocational and Technical College Nanchong637000JiangsuChina Visual Computing and Virtual Reality Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province Sichuan Normal UniversityChengdu610068SichuanChina

Based on the number of customers and the server’s workload,this paper proposes a modified Min(N,D)-policy and discusses an M/G/1 queueing model with delayed randomized multiple vacations under such a *** the well-known stochastic decomposition property of the steady-state queue size,the probability generating function of the steady-state queue length distribution is ***,the explicit expressions of the expected queue length and the additional queue length distribution are derived by some algebraic ***,employing the renewal reward theorem,the explicit expression of the long-run expected cost per unit time is ***,we analyze the optimal policy for economizing the expected cost and compare the optimal Min(N,D)-policy with the optimal N-policy and the optimal D-policy by using numerical examples.

关键词： M/G/1 queue Modified Min(N,D)-policy Randomized multiple vacations Queue length generating function Optimal joint control policy

Bacteria colonization and gene expression related to immune function in colon mucosa is associated with growth in neonatal calves regardless of live yeast supplementation

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2024年第5期15卷 1980-1995页

作者： Koki Nishihara Clothilde Villot Lautaro Cangiano le luo Guan Michael Steele Department of Animal Biosciences Animal Science and NutritionUniversity of GuelphGuelphON N1G 1Y2Canada Department of Agricultural Food and Nutritional ScienceUniversity of AlbertaEdmonton T6G 2P5Canada Lallemand SAS Blagnac F‑31702France Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonWIUSA Faculty of Land and Food Systems The University of British ColumbiaVancouverBC V6T 1Z4Canada Present Address:Department of Animal Biosciences University of GuelphGuelphON N1G 2W1Canada

Background As Holstein calves are susceptible to gastrointestinal disorders during the first week of life,understanding how intestinal immune function develops in neonatal calves is important to promote better intestinal *** probiotics in early life may contribute to host intestinal health by facilitating beneficial bacteria colonization and developing intestinal immune *** objective of this study was to characterize the impact of early life yeast supplementation and growth on colon mucosa-attached bacteria and host immune *** Twenty Holstein bull calves received no supplementation(CON)or Saccharomyces cerevisiae boulardii(SCB)from birth to 5 d of *** tissue biopsies were taken within 2 h of life(D0)before the first colostrum feeding and 3 h after the morning feeding at d 5 of age(D5)to analyze mucosa-attached bacteria and colon *** sequencing showed that there was no difference inαandβdiversity of mucosa-attached bacteria between day and treatment,but bacteria related to diarrhea were more abundant in the colon mucosa on D0 compared to *** addition,q PCR indicated that the absolute abundance of Escherichia coli(***)decreased in the colon mucosa on D5 compared to D0;however,that of Bifidobacterium,Lactobacillus,and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii,which could competitively exclude ***,increased in the colon mucosa on D5 compared to ***-sequencing showed that there were no differentially expressed genes between CON and SCB,but suggested that pathways related to viral infection such as“Interferon Signaling”were activated in the colon mucosa of D5 compared to *** Growth affected mucosa-attached bacteria and host immune function in the colon mucosa during the first 5 d of life in dairy calves independently of SCB *** early life,opportunistic pathogens may decrease due to intestinal environmental changes by beneficial bacteria and/or host immune *** activation

关键词： Colon biopsy Dairy calves RNA-sequencing Saccharomyces cerevisiae boulardii 16S rRNA amplicon-sequencing