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Journal of Mountain Science 2014年第5期11卷 1192-1207页

作者： Khuram Shehzad Faisal M.Qamer MSR Murthy Sawaid Abbas laxmi d.bhatta International Centre for Integrated Mountain development (ICIMOd) The Hong Kong Polytechnic University

deforestation is a major environmental challenge in the mountain areas of Pakistan. The study assessed trends in the forest cover in Chitral tehsil over the last two decades using supervised land cover classification of Landsat TM satellite images from 1992, 2000, and 2009, with a maximum likelihood algorithm. In 2009, the forest cover was 10.3% of the land area of Chitral(60,000 ha). The deforestation rate increased from 0.14% per annum in 1992–2000 to 0.54% per annum in 2000–2009, with 3,759 ha forest lost over the 17 years. The spatial drivers of deforestation were investigated using a cellular automaton modelling technique to project future forest conditions. Accessibility(elevation, slope), population density, distance to settlements, and distance to administrative boundary were strongly associated with neighbourhood deforestation. A model projection showed a further loss of 23% of existing forest in Chitral tehsil by 2030, and degradation of 8%, if deforestation continues at the present rate. Arandu Union Council, with 2212 households, will lose 85% of its forest. Local communities have limited income resources and high poverty and are heavily dependent on non-timber forest products for their livelihoods. Continued deforestation will further worsen their livelihood conditions, thus improved conservation efforts are essential.

关键词：温带森林生态系统模型空间驱动程序森林砍伐森林覆盖率毁林土地覆盖分类 TM卫星影像

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A Review on Active Customers'Participation in Smart Grids

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Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy 2023年第1期11卷 3-16页

作者： Konrad Schmitt Rabindra bhatta Manohar Chamana Mahtab Murshed Ilham Osman Stephen Bayne Luciane Canha Electrical and Computer Engineering department Texas Tech UniversityLubbockTX79409USA Wind Energy Program Texas Tech UniversityLubbockTX79409USA Electromechanical and Power Systems department Federal University of Santa MariaSanta MariaRS97105-900Brazil design Release Engineer at Electrification and Power conversion General MotorsGM Tech Center RoadWarrenMI48092USAl IEEE

Industrial,commercial,and residential facilities are progressively adopting automation and generation *** having flexible demand and renewable energy generation,traditional passive customers are becoming active participants in electric power system *** profound coordination among grid operators and active customers,the facilities’capability for demand response(dR)and distributed energy resource(dER)management will be valuable asset for ancillary services(ASs).To comply with the increasing demand and flexible energy,utilities urgently require standards,regulations,and programs to efficiently handle load-side resources without trading off stability and *** study reviews different types of customers’flexibilities for dR,highlighting their capabilities and limitations in performing local ancillary services(LASs),which should benefit the power grid by profiting from it through incentive *** financial incentives and techniques employed around the world are presented and *** potential barriers in technical and regulatory aspects are successfully identified and potential solutions along with future guidance are discussed.

关键词： Active distribution network(AdN) ancillary services energy management flexible demand resiliency

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Effect of Nb on Microstructure Evolution in Cold Rolled dual-Phase Steels:Interaction of Recovery,Recrystallization and Phase Transformations

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Journal of Iron and Steel Research(International) 2011年第S1期18卷 228-232页

作者： Pottore N Fonstein N bhatta Charya d Jansto S ArcelorMittal Global R and d 3001 E Columbus DrEast ChicagoIN 46312USA CBMM-Reference Metals Company 1000 Old Pond RoadBridgevillePA 15017USA

The effects of Nb addition,individually and in combination with Ti,were evaluated over a range of coiling *** temperature influences the ratio of soluble and precipitated Nb in the hot rolled steel containing 0.08 % C and 2.2 % *** bearing precipitates can co-precipitate on TiN and impact the microstructure and mechanical properties of the steel after annealing *** characterization revealed that recovery and recrystallization processes preceded austenite *** effects of Nb on austenite formation in cold rolled steels during heating and isothermal holding and on austenite decomposition during subsequent cooling were investigated using *** addition of Nb retarded ferrite recrystallization starting temperature,but had no significant effect on the starting temperature of austenite formation during *** Nb addition also accelerated austenite formation once the transformation started,and was beneficial for the formation of a finer and homogeneous microstructure.

关键词： niobium dual-phase steel recovery recrystallization phase transformation

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VLF/LF Amplitude Perturbations before Tuscany Earthquakes, 2013

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Natural Science 2017年第12期9卷 437-456页

作者： Balaram Khadka Keshav Prasad Kandel Sudikshya Pant Karan bhatta Basu dev Ghimire St. Xavier’s College Kathmandu Nepal Nepalese Center for Research in Physical Sciences (NCRPS) Kathmandu Nepal

The US Navy VLF/LF Transmitter’s NSY signal (45.9 kHz) transmitted from Niscemi, Sicily, Italy, and received at the Kiel Long Wave Monitor, Germany, was analyzed for the period of two months, May and June (EQ-month) of 2013. There were 12 earthquakes of magnitude greater than 4 that hit Italy in these two months,?of which the earthquake of 21st June having magnitude of 5.2?and a shallow focal depth of 5 km was the major one. We studied the earthquake of 21st of June 2013, which struck Tuscany,?Central Italy, (44.1713°N and?10.2082°E) at 10:33 UT, and also analyzed the effects of this earthquake on the?sub-ionos-?pheric VLF/LF signals. In addition, we also studied another earthquake, of magnitude 4.9, which hit the same place at 14:40 UT on 30th of June and had shallow focal depth of 10 km. We assessed the data using terminator time (TT) method and night time fluctuation method and found unusual changes in VLF/LF amplitudes/phases. Analysis of trend, night time dispersion, and night time fluctuation was also carried and several anomalies were detected. Most ionospheric perturbations in these parameters were found in the month?of June, from few days to few weeks prior to the earthquakes. Moreover, we filtered the possible effects due to geomagnetic storms, auroras, and solar activities?using parameters like?dst index, AE index, and Kp index for analyzing the geomagnetic effects,?and Bz (sigma) index, sunspot numbers, and solar index F10.7 for analyzing the solar activities for the confirmation of anomalies as precursors.

关键词： d-Layer VLF/LF Terminator Times SST SRT dLPT dLdT Night Time Fluctuation

CaCo1-xRuxOy: Role of Ru/Co Ratio on Its Transport Properties

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New Journal of Glass and Ceramics 2014年第1期4卷 8-17页

作者： Sezhian Annamalai Rudra P. bhatta Jugdersuren Battogtokh Ian L. Pegg Biprodas dutta Vitreous State Laboratory the Catholic University of America Washington DC USA Vitreous State Laboratory the Catholic University of America Washington DC USA Currently at Corninng Incorporated Corning NY USA Vitreous State Laboratory the Catholic University of America Washington DC USA Currently at Naval Research Lab Washington DC USA

Calcium cobaltites, especially Ca3Co4O9 with a misfit layered structure, are promising thermoelectric materials due to their suitability for high temperature applications and low densities. The existence of low spin-state electronic configurations for both and species is one of the key parameter to explain the large thermopower values. Ruthenium oxide, with a layered structure, exhibits strong electron-electron correlation and the extended nature of their 4d electrons enhances orbital overlapping which is expected to influence the transport characteristics of CaCo1-xRuxOy (CCR) samples, by affecting the spin state of the 3d Co ions. The effect on thermopower and electrical resistivity due to partial substitution of Co by Ru ions, up to 0.33 moles, from 300 to 600 K was investigated. A sharp decline in resistivity and in thermopower was observed until a transition ion ratio (TIR), (Ru/(Ru + Co)), of 0.5 is reached, beyond which both the properties became less sensitive to TIR. These variations in the transport properties are explained by the presence of 4d Ru in close proximity to the Co, which could influence the spin and oxidation state of Co ions. The Co rich and Ru rich samples exhibit very distinct microstructures and phase assemblages.

关键词： Calcium Cobaltite Ruthenium Oxide Calcium Ruthenate Transport Properties Thermoelectric Properties Seebeck Coefficient Resistivity

Performance and calibration of quark/gluon-jet taggers using 140 fb^(-1) of pp collisions at √s=13 TeV with the ATLAS detector

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Chinese Physics C 2024年第2期48卷 1-25页

作者： G. Aad B. Abbott K. Abeling N.J. Abicht S.H. Abidi A. Aboulhorma H. Abramowicz H. Abreu Y. Abulaiti B.S. Acharya C. Adam Bourdarios L. Adamczyk S.V. Addepalli M.J. Addison J. Adelman A. Adiguzel T. Adye A.A. Affolder Y. Afik M.N. Agaras J. Agarwala A. Aggarwal C. Agheorghiesei A. Ahmad F. Ahmadov W.S. Ahmed S. Ahuja X. Ai G. Aielli A. Aikot M. Ait Tamlihat B. Aitbenchikh I. Aizenberg M. Akbiyik T.P.A. Åkesson A.V. Akimov d. Akiyama N.N. Akolkar K. Al Khoury G.L. Alberghi J. Albert P. Albicocco G.L. Albouy S. Alderweireldt M. Aleksa I.N. Aleksandrov C. Alexa T. Alexopoulos F. Alfonsi M. Algren M. Alhroob B. Ali H.M.J. Ali S. Ali S.W. Alibocus M. Aliev G. Alimonti W. Alkakhi C. Allaire B.M.M. Allbrooke J.F. Allen C.A. Allendes Flores P.P. Allport A. Aloisio F. Alonso C. Alpigiani M. Alvarez Estevez A. Alvarez Fernandez M. Alves Cardoso M.G. Alviggi M. Aly Y. Amaral Coutinho A. Ambler C. Amelung M. Amerl C.G. Ames d. Amidei S.P. Amor dos Santos K.R. Amos V. Ananiev C. Anastopoulos T. Andeen J.K. Anders S.Y. Andrean A. Andreazza S. Angelidakis A. Angerami A.V. Anisenkov A. Annovi C. Antel M.T. Anthony E. Antipov M. Antonelli F. Anulli M. Aoki T. Aoki J.A. Aparisi Pozo M.A. Aparo L. Aperio Bella C. Appelt A. Apyan N. Aranzabal S.J. Arbiol Val C. Arcangeletti A.T.H. Arce E. Arena J-F. Arguin S. Argyropoulos J.-H. Arling O. Arnaez H. Arnold G. Artoni H. Asada K. Asai S. Asai N.A. Asbah J. Assahsah K. Assamagan R. Astalos S. Atashi R.J. Atkin M. Atkinson H. Atmani P.A. Atmasiddha K. Augsten S. Auricchio A.d. Auriol V.A. Austrup G. Avolio K. Axiotis G. Azuelos d. Babal H. Bachacou K. Bachas A. Bachiu F. Backman A. Badea P. Bagnaia M. Bahmani A.J. Bailey V.R. Bailey J.T. Baines L. Baines O.K. Baker E. Bakos d. Bakshi Gupta V. Balakrishnan R. Balasubramanian E.M. Baldin P. Balek E. Ballabene F. Balli L.M. Baltes W.K. Balunas J. Balz E. Banas M. Bandieramonte A. Bandyopadhyay S. Bansal L. Barak M. Barakat E.L. Barberio d. Barberis M. Barbero M.Z. Barel K.N. Barends T. Barillari M-S. Barisits T. Barklow P. Baron d.A. Baron Mo The ATLAS Collaboration

The identification of jets originating from quarks and gluons,often referred to as quark/gluon tagging,plays an important role in various analyses performed at the Large Hadron Collider,as Standard Model measurements and searches for new particles decaying to quarks often rely on suppressing a large gluon-induced *** paper describes the measurement of the efficiencies of quark/gluon taggers developed within the ATLAS Collaboration,using √s=13 TeV proton–proton collision data with an integrated luminosity of 140 fb^(-1) collected by the ATLAS *** taggers with high performances in rejecting jets from gluon over jets from quarks are studied:one tagger is based on requirements on the number of inner-detector tracks associated with the jet,and the other combines several jet substructure observables using a boosted decision tree.A method is established to determine the quark/gluon fraction in data,by using quark/gluon-enriched subsamples defined by the jet *** in tagging efficiency between data and simulation are provided for jets with transverse momentum between 500 GeV and 2 TeV and for multiple tagger working points.

关键词： ATLAS JET QUARK GLUON TAGGING

A Study on the VLF/LF Long Term Amplitude Oscillations Associated with Frequencies 37.5 kHz and 45.9 kHz Received at Keil Longwave Monitor, Keil, Germany

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International Journal of Geosciences 2017年第9期8卷 1080-1090页

作者： Govinda Sharma Keshav Prasad Kandel Balaram Khadka Peter Wilhelm Schnoor Karan bhatta Basu dev Ghimire Aditya Singh Thapa St. Xavier’s College Kathmandu Nepal Nepalese Center for Research in Physical Sciences (NCRPS) Kathmandu Nepal department of Physics St. Xavier’s College Kathmandu Nepal Keil Longwave Monitor Keil Germany

The middle and upper atmosphere of Earth displays many large-scale oscillations in several parameters. Of these oscillations, Atmospheric Oscillation (AO) and Semi-annual Oscillation (SAO) are prominent ones. In this work, we have analyzed the Very Low Frequency/Low Frequency (VLF/LF) data from two of the transmitters of frequency 45.9 kHz at NSY, Sicily, Italy and 37.5 kHz at Grindavik, Iceland. The selected Trasmitter-Receiver Great Circle Path (TRGCP) is middle latitude which is marine in case of Grindavik TRGCP and terrestrial in case of NSY TRGCP. The VLF/LF signals are bounced back and forth from d-layer of ionosphere (altitude at ~65 km during day and ~95 km during night) in Earth-ionospheric waveguide. This infers the presence of atmospheric oscillations as a consequence of change in ionization and recombination rates. Many works related to AO and SAO are mostly done only for equatorial region of the ionosphere and authors have reported the elegant dominancy of AO and SAO in the VLF/LF amplitude pattern over years. To our surprise, in our work it is seen that not only AO and SAO but also other oscillations are necessary to model the oscillation pattern of middle latitude ionosphere.

关键词： VLF/LF d-Layer SAO AO TRGCP NSY Grindavik

Search for two-neutrino double-beta decay of^(136)Xe to the 0^(+)_(1)excited state of 136Ba with the complete EXO-200 dataset

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Chinese Physics C 2023年第10期47卷 1-9页

作者： S.Al Kharusi G.Anton I.Badhrees P.S.Barbeau d.Beck V.Belov T.bhatta M.Breidenbach T.Brunner G.F.Cao W.R.Cen C.Chambers B.Cleveland M.Coon A.Craycraft T.daniels L.darroch S.J.daugherty J.davis S.delaquis A.der Mesrobian-Kabakian R.deVoe J.dilling A.dolgolenko M.J.dolinski J.Echevers W.Fairbank Jr. d.Fairbank J.Farine S.Feyzbakhsh P.Fierlinger Y.S.Fu d.Fudenberg P.Gautam R.Gornea G.Gratta C.Hall E.V.Hansen J.Hoessl P.Hufschmidt M.Hughes A.Iverson A.Jamil C.Jessiman M.J.Jewell A.Johnson A.Karelin L.J.Kaufman T.Koffas R.Krücken A.Kuchenkov K.S.Kumar Y.Lan A.Larson B.G.Lenardo d.S.Leonard G.S.Li S.Li Z.Li C.Licciardi Y.H.Lin R.MacLellan T.McElroy T.Michel B.Mong d.C.Moore K.Murray O.Njoya O.Nusair A.Odian I.Ostrovskiy A.Perna A.Piepke A.Pocar F.Retière A.L.Robinson P.C.Rowson J.Runge S.Schmidt d.Sinclair K.Skarpaas A.K.Soma V.Stekhanov M.Tarka S.Thibado J.Todd T.Tolba T.I.Totev R.Tsang B.Veenstra V.Veeraraghavan P.Vogel J.-L.Vuilleumier M.Wagenpfeil J.Watkins M.Weber L.J.Wen U.Wichoski G.Wrede S.X.Wu Q.Xia d.R.Yahne L.Yang Y.-R.Yen O.Ya.Zeldovich T.Ziegler 无 Physics department McGill UniversityMontrealQuebec H3A 2T8Canada Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics(ECAP) Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-NürnbergErlangen 91058Germany Physics department Carleton UniversityOttawaOntario K1S 5B6Canada department of Physics Duke Universityand Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory(TUNL)DurhamNorth Carolina 27708USA Physics department University of IllinoisUrbana-ChampaignIllinois 61801USA Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics named by A.I.Alikhanov of National Research Centre“Kurchatov Institute” Moscow 117218Russia department of Physics University of South DakotaVermillionSouth Dakota 57069USA SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory Menlo ParkCalifornia 94025USA TRIUMF VancouverBritish Columbia V6T 2A3Canada Institute of High Energy Physics Beijing 100049China department of Physics Laurentian UniversitySudburyOntario P3E 2C6Canada Physics department Colorado State UniversityFort CollinsColorado 80523USA department of Physics and Physical Oceanography University of North Carolina at WilmingtonWilmingtonNC 28403USA Physics department and CEEM Indiana UniversityBloomingtonIndiana 47405USA Physics department Stanford UniversityStanfordCalifornia 94305USA department of Physics Drexel UniversityPhiladelphiaPennsylvania 19104USA Amherst Center for Fundamental Interactions and Physics department University of MassachusettsAmherstMA 01003USA Technische Universität München Physikdepartment and Excellence Cluster UniverseGarching 80805Germany Physics department University of MarylandCollege ParkMaryland 20742USA department of Physics and Astronomy University of AlabamaTuscaloosaAlabama 35487USA Wright Laboratory Department of PhysicsYale UniversityNew HavenConnecticut 06511USA IBS Center for Underground Physics Daejeon 34126Korea department of Physics and Astronomy Stony Brook UniversitySUNYStony BrookNew York 11794USA Kellogg Lab CaltechPasadenaCalifornia 91125USA LHEP Albert Einstein CenterUniversi

A new search for two-neutrino double-beta(2νββ)decay of^(136)Xe to the 0+1 excited state of 136Ba is performed with the full EXO-200 dataset.A deep learning-based convolutional neural network is used to discriminate signal from background *** detection efficiency is increased relative to previous searches by EXO-200 by more than a factor of *** the addition of the Phase II dataset taken with an upgraded detector,the median 90%confidence level half-life sensitivity of 2νββdecay to the 0+1 state of 136Ba is 2.9×10^(24)yr using a total^(136)Xe exposure of 234.1 kg *** statistically significant evidence for 2νββdecay to the 0^(+)_(1)state is observed,leading to a lower limit of T2ν1/2(0^(+)→0^(+)_(1))>1.4×10^(24)yr at 90%confidence level,improved by 70%relative to the current world's best constraint.

关键词： EXO-200 experiment neutrinoless double beta decay excited state

Impact of Climate Change on Vegetation distribution and Net Primary Productivity of Forests of Himalayan River Basins: Brahmaputra, Koshi and Indus

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American Journal of Climate Change 2018年第2期7卷 271-294页

作者： A. Chaitra S. Upgupta L. d. bhatta J. Mathangi d. S. Anitha K. Sindhu Vidya Kumar N. K. Agrawal M. S. R. Murthy F. Qamar Indu K. Murthy J. Sharma R. K. Chaturvedi G. Bala N. H. Ravindranath Centre for Sustainable Technologies Indian Institute of Science Bengaluru India International Centre for Integrated Mountain development (ICIMOd) Kathmandu Nepal divecha Centre for Climate Change Centre for Atmospheric Sciences Indian Institute of Science Bengaluru India

The impacts of climate change in terms of forest vegetation shifts and Net Primary Productivity (NPP) changes are assessed for Brahmaputra, Koshi and Indus river basins for the mid (2021-2050) and long (2071-2100) terms for RCP4.5 and RCP8.5 scenarios. Two dynamical Global Vegetation Models (dGVMs), Integrated BIosphere Simulator (IBIS) and (Lund Postdam and Jena (LPJ), have been used for this purpose. The dGVMs are driven by the ensemble mean climate projections from 5 climate models that contributed to the CMIP5 data base. While both dGVMs project vegetation shifts in the forest areas of the basins, there are large differences in vegetation shifts projected by IBIS and LPJ. This may be attributed to differing representation of land surface processes and to differences in the number of vegetation types (Plant Functional Types) defined and simulated in the two models. However, there is some agreement in NPP changes as projected by both IBIS and LPJ, with IBIS mostly projecting a larger increase in NPP for the future scenarios. despite the uncertainties with respect to climate change projections at river basin level and the differing impact assessments from different dGVMs, it is necessary to assess the “vulnerability” of the forest ecosystems and forest dependent communities to current climate risks and future climate change and to develop and implement resilience or adaptation measures. Assessment of the “vulnerability” and designing of the adaptation strategies could be undertaken for all the forested grids where both IBIS and LPJ project vegetation shifts.

关键词： Climate Change Forests Himalayan River Basins Impacts NPP Change Forest Type Shift

Search for two-neutrino double-beta decay of 136Xe to the 01+excited state of136Ba with the complete EXO-200 dataset

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Chinese Physics C 2023年第10期47卷 5-13页

作者： S.Al Kharusi G.Anton I.Badhrees P.S.Barbeau d.Beck V.Belov T.bhatta M.Breidenbach T.Brunner G.F.Cao W.R.Cen C.Chambers B.Cleveland M.Coon A.Craycraft T.daniels L.darroch S.J.daugherty J.davis S.delaquis A.der Mesrobian-Kabakian R.de Voe J.dilling A.dolgolenko M.J.dolinski J.Echevers W.Fairbank Jr. d.Fairbank J.Farine S.Feyzbakhsh P.Fierlinger Y.S.Fu d.Fudenberg P.Gautam R.Gornea G.Gratta C.Hall E.V.Hansen J.Hoessl P.Hufschmidt M.Hughes A.Iverson A.Jamil C.Jessiman M.J.Jewell A.Johnson A.Karelin L.J.Kaufman T.Koffas R.Krücken A.Kuchenkov K.S.Kumar Y.Lan A.Larson B.G.Lenardo d.S.Leonard G.S.Li S.Li Z.Li C.Licciardi Y.H.Lin R.Mac Lellan T.Mc Elroy T.Michel B.Mong d.C.Moore K.Murray O.Njoya O.Nusair A.Odian I.Ostrovskiy A.Perna A.Piepke A.Pocar F.Retière A.L.Robinson P.C.Rowson J.Runge S.Schmidt d.Sinclair K.Skarpaas A.K.Soma V.Stekhanov M.Tarka S.Thibado J.Todd T.Tolba T.I.Totev R.Tsang B.Veenstra V.Veeraraghavan P.Vogel J.-L.Vuilleumier M.Wagenpfeil J.Watkins M.Weber L.J.Wen U.Wichoski G.Wrede S.X.Wu Q.Xia d.R.Yahne L.Yang Y.-R.Yen O.Ya.Zeldovich T.Ziegler EXO-200 Collaboration department of Physics and Astronomy University of Kentucky SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory TRIUMF Institute of High Energy Physics Witmem Technology Co. Ltd. department of Physics Laurentian University Also at SNOLAB Physics department Colorado State University department of Physics and Physical Oceanography University of North Carolina at Wilmington Physics department and CEEM Indiana University Physics department McGill University Carleton University Commissariat àl’Energie Atomique et auxénergies alternatives Physics department Stanford University department of Physics Drexel University University of California Amherst Center for Fundamental Interactions and Physics department University of Massachusetts Technische Universit?t München Physikdepartment and Excellence Cluster Universe Qventus department of Physics University of Virginia Physics department University of Maryland Erlangen Centre for Astroparticle Physics (ECAP) Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg department of Physics at the University of California department of Physics and Astronomy University of Alabama Wright Laboratory Department of Physics Yale University department of Physics Princeton University IBS Center for Underground Physics Physics department University of California SNOLAB department of Physics and Astronomy Stony Brook University SUNY SCIPP University of California Institute for Experimental Physics Hamburg University Physics department Carleton University department of Physics and Astronomy Iowa State University Kellogg Lab Caltech LHEP Albert Einstein Center University of Bern descartes Labs Canon Medical Research US Inc. Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology department of Physics Duke University and Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory (TUNL) Physics department University of Illinois Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics named by A.I.Alikhanov of National Research Centre “Kurchatov Institute” a division of National Re

A new search for two-neutrino double-beta(2vββ) decay of136Xe to the 01+excited state of136Ba is performed with the full EXO-200 dataset.A deep learning-based convolutional neural network is used to discriminate signal from background *** detection efficiency is increased relative to previous searches by EXO-200 by more than a factor of *** the addition of the Phase Ⅱ dataset taken with an upgraded detector,the median 90%confidence level half-life sensitivity of 2vββ decay to the 01+state of136Ba is 2.9 × 1024yr using a total136Xe exposure of 234.1 kg *** statistically significant evidence for 2vββ decay to the 01+state is observed,leading to a lower limit of T1/22v(0+→01+)>1.4×1024yr at 90% confidence level,improved by 70% relative to the current world’s best constraint.

关键词： EXO-200 experiment neutrinoless double beta decay excited state