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Success Story of a Low Cost Intra-Dermal Rabies Vaccination (IDRV) Clinic-Lessons Learnt over Five Years of 12,000 Patient Vaccinations “Without Failure” at DDU Hospital Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, India <br/>—“Saving a Drop of Rabies Vaccine and Immunoglobulins” 12 Innovations to Make Himachal Pradesh Rabies Free State by 2020

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World Journal of Vaccines 2015年第3期5卷 129-139页

作者： Omesh Kumar Bharti Shampur Narayan Madhusudana Ashok Kale Pyare Lal Gaunta laxman singh chaudhry Jitender Kumar Nirmal Gupta Dropda Shyam Faculty Epidemiologist State Institute of Health & Family Welfare Parimahal Shimla India Professor of Neurovirology Head WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on Rabies Department of Neurovirology NIMHANS Bangalore India Professor Department of Community Medicine Dr. Ulhas Patil Medical College & Hospital Jalgaon India Rtd. Sr. Medical Superintendent DDU Hospital Shimla India Associate Professor Department of Pediatrics Indira Gandhi Medical College Shimla India Staff Nurse Anti-Rabies Clinic and Research Centre (ARC&RC) DDU Hospital Shimla India Multi Purpose Health Worker (MPW) previously at Anti-Rabies Clinic and Research Centre DDU Hospital Shimla India

Background: Rabies is a dreaded disease and an estimated 55,000 people die of rabies every year. Himachal Pradesh is in the North bordering China and is predominantly rural and hilly. Villages are near forests, where wild reservoirs of rabies exist. Since health facilities are not accessible easily, we need to innovate on existing schedules of rabies vaccination keeping in view the compliance of the patients and affordability so as to give them the best possible option of treatment. In the year 2006 and 2007, we, at DDU Hospital Shimla, experienced a severe shortage of rabies vaccine and patients were running from pillar to post to fetch rabies vaccine. At the same time, we learnt that some of the patients died because either they were not able to purchase the vaccine, mostly because of its high cost, $35, or they ignored the animal bites and did not seek the treatment. Since last year, we have been experiencing non-availability of rabies immunoglobulins (RIGs) in the market and have to innovate new schedules and techniques to save lives of the patients. Methods: During shortage of rabies vaccine in 2008, we contemplated to start a low cost intra-dermal (ID) clinic so as to make rabies vaccine affordable as intramuscular (IM) vaccination cost five times more than ID vaccination. But, there were three main hurdles. One hurdle was the non-availability of rabies vaccine vials having written on them “For IM/ID use” and another hurdle was only fewer animal bite patients attending the DDU Hospital, sometimes only one or two per day, which was insufficient to open a vaccine vial and distribute among them. The third problem being faced was reluctance of the hospital doctors to prescribe ID vaccine as this was not the practice at higher teaching institutions, including medical colleges. We contacted a vaccine company and few vials labeled as “For IM/ID use” were sourced from Mumbai (1200 km away from here). We asked the Chief Medical Officer, Shimla district to write a lette

关键词： Intradermal Rabies Vaccination Local RIGs Infiltration Local Innovations Rabid Animals RIGs Scarcity One Health Zoonosis

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Insights into the interface of NiCo_(2)O_(4) spinel/LaCoO_(3) perovskite nano-composite for CO and soot oxidation

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第4期138卷 339-349页

作者： Neha Harshita singh Satya Vir singh Department of Chemical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology(BHU)Varanasi221005India Department of Botany Institute of ScienceBanaras Hindu UniversityVaranasi221005India

In the quest for the development of thermally stable,highly active and low-cost catalysts for use in catalyzed diesel particulate filter,nano-composites are new areas of ***,we reported the easy synthesis of spinel NiCo_(2)O_(4)/perovskite LaCoO_(3) nano-composite,and its individual oxides NiCo_(2)O_(4)and LaCoO_(3) for *** detailed insights into the physio-chemical characteristics of formed NiCo_(2)O_(4)/LaCoO_(3) nano-composite were done based on various characterization analysis such as X-ray diffraction(XRD),Fourier transform infrared(FT-IR),N_(2) physiosorption,scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive spectroscopy(SEM-EDX),transmission electron microscopy(TEM),and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS).The characterization analysis of NiCo_(2)O_(4)/LaCoO_(3) revealed the successful formation of a chemical interface possessing strong interfacial interaction,resulting in desirable physicochemical characteristics such as small crystallite size,abundant mesoporosity,high specific surface area and activation of surface lattice *** to the desirable characteristics,the activity results over NiCo_(2)O_(4)/LaCoO_(3) nano-composite showed the excellent CO oxidation performance and high soot oxidation activity,recyclability and thermal *** work mainly attempts to emphasize the effectiveness of the facile,inexpensive and conventionally used precipitation method for the successful formation of highly efficient nano-composites.

关键词： LaCoO_(3) NiCo_(2)O_(4) Spinel/perovskite CO oxidation Soot oxidation Chemical interface

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Snow and regolith albedo variations using CRISM data at McMurdo crater,Mars

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Earth and Planetary Physics 2024年第2期8卷 338-355页

作者： Sehajpal singh Deepak singh Centre of Studies in Resources Engineering Indian Institute of Technology BombayMumbaiIndia

The cryosphere component provides the most reliable and insightful indications of any planet’s climate *** data from the Compact Reconnaissance Imaging Spectrometer for Mars(CRISM),we develop a novel approach to determining the broadband Visible and Near Infrared(VNIR)albedo of the Martian *** study focuses on albedo changes in the McMurdo crater,part of Mars’s south polar layer *** compare seasonal and interannual variations of the McMurdo surface albedo before,during,and after the Global Dust Storm(GDS)of Martian Year(MY)*** the seasons progressed from spring to summer,the mean albedo in MY 32 and 34 plunged by over 40%,by about 35%in MY 33,and by slightly more than 30%in MY *** interannually,however,mean albedo values within both seasons(spring and summer)exhibited no significant differences in those same ***,interannual albedo difference maps reveal albedo variation of more than±0.3 in certain regions of the *** only snow-covered pixels,interannual albedo differences suggest that Mars dust had a pervasive impact on Mars’s *** in maximum and minimum albedo values as high as 0.5 were observed,depending upon differences in the dust levels in Martian snow/*** maximum and the minimum snow albedo values were lowest in MY 34,indicating the effect of the intense dust storm event that *** average snow albedo decreased from 0.45 in MY 32 to 0.40 in MY 33 and to 0.33 in MY 34,and then rose back to 0.40 in MY *** trajectory suggests a temporary deposition of dust,partially reversed after the GDS by self-cleaning mechanisms(local aeolian process and CO_(2)sublimation/deposition cycle).

关键词： Mars Martian ice albedo dust storm Mars surface Martian climate

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Transfer Learning-Based Class Imbalance-Aware Shoulder Implant Classification from X-Ray Images

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Journal of Bionic Engineering 2024年第2期21卷 892-912页

作者： Marut Jindal Birmohan singh Department of Computer Science and Engineering Sant Longowal Institute of Engineering and TechnologySangrur148106PunjabIndia

Total shoulder arthroplasty is a standard restorative procedure practiced by orthopedists to diagnose shoulder arthritis in which a prosthesis replaces the whole joint or a part of the *** is often challenging for doctors to identify the exact model and manufacturer of the prosthesis when it is *** paper proposes a transfer learning-based class imbalance-aware prosthesis detection method to detect the implant’s manufacturer automatically from shoulder X-ray *** framework of the method proposes a novel training approach and a new set of batch-normalization,dropout,and fully convolutional layers in the head *** employs cyclical learning rates and weighting-based loss calculation *** modifications aid in faster convergence,avoid local-minima stagnation,and remove the training bias caused by imbalanced *** proposed method is evaluated using seven well-known pre-trained models of VGGNet,ResNet,and DenseNet *** is performed on a shoulder implant benchmark dataset consisting of 597 shoulder X-ray *** proposed method improves the classification performance of all pre-trained models by 10–12%.The DenseNet-201-based variant has achieved the highest classification accuracy of 89.5%,which is 10%higher than existing ***,to validate and generalize the proposed method,the existing baseline dataset is supplemented to six classes,including samples of two more implant *** results have shown average accuracy of 86.7%for the extended dataset and show the preeminence of the proposed method.

关键词： Biomedical engineering Artificial intelligence Total shoulder arthroplasty Prosthesis identification Biomedical image classification

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Long-term fertilizer nitrogen management—Soil health conundrum

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Pedosphere 2024年第1期34卷 23-25页

作者： BIJAY-singh Department of Soil Science Punjab Agricultural UniversityLudhiana 141004India

The mental model that fertilizer nitrogen (N) acts as a replacement for N mineralized from soil organic matter (SOM) needs to be revisited. Soil organic matter, the storehouse of N in soil, is one of the most important indicators of soil health. It supplies more N to crop plants than the current-year fertilizer N even when applied at high rates. Limited research shows that the application of fertilizer N above the optimum levels on a long-term basis deteriorates soil health by mineralizing SOM and depleting the soil N pool. Because soil N includes portions of fertilizer N applied in several previous years, year after year application of fertilizer N below the optimum levels will also lead to a gradual decline in soil N pool or soil health. To sustain high crop yield levels, fertilizer N needs to be applied on a long-term basis neither above nor below the optimum levels to ensure that soil health in terms of sustaining supply of soil N is maintained, if not enhanced.

关键词： soil Soil optimum

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Application of Response Surface Methodology for Analysing and Optimizing the Finned Solar Air Heater

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Journal of Thermal Science 2024年第3期33卷 985-1009页

作者： Vineet singh Vinod singh YADAV Vaibhav TRIVEDI Manoj KUMAR Niraj KUMAR Department of Mechanical Engineering School of Engineering&TechnologyIFTM UniversityMoradabadUttar PradeshIndia Department of Mechanical Engineering NITUttarakhandPauriUttarakhandIndia Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering Jaypee Institute of Information TechnologyNoidaUttar Pradesh201309India

In this research paper,a solar air heater with triangular fins has been experimentally analysed and ***,an experimental set-up of a solar air heater having triangular fins has been developed at the location of 28.10°N,78.23°*** heat transfer rate through fins and fins efficiency has been determined by the Finite Difference Method model *** experimental data and modeled data of response parameters have been optimized in MINITAB-17 software by the Response Surface Methodology *** creating the response surface design,three input parameters have been selected namely solar intensity,Reynolds number,and fin base-to-height *** range of solar intensity,Reynolds number,and fin base-to-height ratio is 600 to 1000W/m^(2),4000 to 6000,and 0.4 to 0.8 *** response surface design has been analyzed by calculating the outlet temperature,friction factor,Nusselt number,fin efficiency,thermal performance factor,and exergy *** optimum settings of input parameters:solar intensity is 1000 W/m^(2);Reynolds number is 4969.7,and the fin base to height ratio is 0.6060,on which these response:namely outlet temperature of 92.531℃,friction factor of 0.2350,Nusselt number of 127.761,thermal efficiency of 50.836%,thermal performance factor of 1.4947,and exergy efficiency of 8.762%.

关键词： solar air heater optimization fins exergy response surface methodology air

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Thermodynamic properties and phase diagram of quark matter within non-extensive Polyakov chiral SU(3)quark mean field model

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Chinese Physics C 2024年第5期48卷 60-71页

作者： Dhananjay singh Arvind Kumar Department of Physics Dr.B R Ambedkar National Institute of Technology JalandharJalandhar–144008PunjabIndia

In the present study,we applied Tsallis non-extensive statistics to investigate the thermodynamic properties and phase diagram of quark matter in the Polyakov chiral SU(3)quark mean field *** this model,the properties of the quark matter were modified through the scalar fieldsσ,ζ,δ,χ,vector fieldsω,ρ,ϕ,and Polyakov fieldsΦandΦ¯at finite temperature and chemical ***-extensive effects were introduced through a dimensionless parameter q,and the results were compared to those of the extensive case(q→1).In the non-extensive case,the exponential in the Fermi-Dirac(FD)function was modified to a q-exponential *** influence of the q parameter on the thermodynamic properties,pressure,energy,and entropy density,as well as trace anomaly,was *** speed of sound and specific heat with non-extensive effects were also ***,the effect of non-extensivity on the deconfinement phase transition as well as the chiral phase transition of u,d,and s quarks was *** found that the critical end point(CEP),which defines the point in the(T−μ)phase diagram where the order of the phase transition changes,shifts to a lower value of temperature,TCEP,and a higher value of chemical potential,μCEP,as the non-extensivity is increased,that is,q>1.

关键词： quark matter quark mean field model QCD phase diagram non-extensive statistics

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Predicting short-term thromboembolic risk following Roux-en-Y gastric bypass using supervised machine learning

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery 2024年第4期16卷 1097-1108页

作者： Hassam Ali Faisal Inayat Vishali Moond Ahtshamullah chaudhry Arslan Afzal Zauraiz Anjum Hamza Tahir Muhammad Sajeel Anwar Dushyant singh Dahiya Muhammad Sohaib Afzal Gul Nawaz Amir H Sohail Muhammad Aziz Department of Gastroenterology East Carolina University Brody School of MedicineGreenvilleNC 27834United States Department of Internal Medicine Allama Iqbal Medical CollegeLahorePunjab 54550Pakistan Department of Internal Medicine Saint Peter's University Hospital and Robert Wood Johnson Medical SchoolNew BrunswickNJ 08901United States Department of Internal Medicine St.Dominic's HospitalJacksonMS 39216United States Department of Internal Medicine Rochester General HospitalRochesterNY 14621United States Department of Internal Medicine Jefferson Einstein HospitalPhiladelphiaPA 19141United States Department of Internal Medicine UHS Wilson Medical CenterJohnsonNY 13790United States Division of Gastroenterology Hepatology and MotilityThe University of Kansas School of MedicineKansasKS 66160United States Department of Internal Medicine Louisiana State University HealthShreveportLA 71103United States Department of Surgery University of New Mexico School of MedicineAlbuquerqueNM 87106United States Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology The University of ToledoToledoOH 43606United States

BACKGROUND Roux-en-Y gastric bypass(RYGB)is a widely recognized bariatric procedure that is particularly beneficial for patients with class III *** aids in significant weight loss and improves obesity-related medical *** its effectiveness,postoperative care still has *** evidence shows that venous thromboembolism(VTE)is a leading cause of 30-d morbidity and mortality after ***,a clear unmet need exists for a tailored risk assessment tool for VTE in RYGB *** To develop and internally validate a scoring system determining the individualized risk of 30-d VTE in patients undergoing *** Using the 2016–2021 Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery Accreditation Quality Improvement Program,data from 6526 patients(body mass index≥40 kg/m^(2))who underwent RYGB were analyzed.A backward elimination multivariate analysis identified predictors of VTE characterized by pulmonary embolism and/or deep venous thrombosis within 30 d of *** resultant risk scores were derived from the coefficients of statistically significant *** performance of the model was evaluated using receiver operating curves through 5-fold *** Of the 26 initial variables,six predictors were *** included a history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with a regression coefficient(Coef)of 2.54(P7%(Coef 1.19,P<0.001),venous stasis history(Coef 1.43,P<0.001),and preoperative anticoagulation use(Coef 1.24,P<0.001).These variables were weighted according to their regression coefficients in an algorithm that was generated for the model predicting 30-d VTE risk *** risk model's area under the curve(AUC)was 0.79[95%confidence interval(CI):0.63-0.81],showing good discriminatory power,achieving a sensitivity of 0.60 and a specificity of *** training,the same model performed satisfactorily

关键词： Roux-en-Y gastric bypass Venous thromboembolism Machine learning Bariatric surgery Predictive modeling

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Early Paleozoic basement diorite of arc-magmatism from Kutch basin, Western India

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Acta Geochimica 2024年第2期43卷 296-307页

作者： Piyush Gupta Sandeep singh Shakti singh Rathore Argha Narayan Sarkar Geochronology Laboratory KDMIPEOil and Natural Gas Corporation Ltd.9Kaulagarh RoadDehradun 248195India Department of Earth Sciences Indian Institute of TechnologyRoorkee 247667India

In this study,we report for theﬁrst time an Early Palaeozoic basement diorite from the drilled well Nirona-A in the Banni Half-Graben of the Kutch basin,western *** 40Ar–39Ar dates provided a plateau age of 441.84±2.66 Ma and another pseudo plateau of 441.28±5.82 to 388.08±16.65 Ma for the basement *** ages constrain the basement formation age to the Late Ordovician-Early Silurian *** obtained basement ages are correlatable with the later part of Cambro-Ordovician alkaline magmatism that has been reported from the Huqf area in Central Oman,whereas their lithological and petrographic correlativity with base-ment diorites occurring in the Dinsi Body of Nagar Parkar igneous complex in Pakistan can also be *** geochemical studies characterized the diorite with enrich-ment of LILE(Rb,Ba,and K)and LREE(La,Ce,Nd),strong depletion of HFSE(Nb,Sr,P,and Ti),along with weakly negative Eu *** geochemical signatures indicate their petrogenetic afﬁliation with mantle-derived magmas,as well as their tectonic setting to be arc-related,having post-collisional continental-arc type afﬁ****440 Ma basement of Kutch,therefore,appears to rep-resent the later thermal event associated with the reworked Neoproterozoic subduction-related suite from Greater India’s northwest edge,which has implications for Gond-wana assembly in the northwest Indian subcontinent.

关键词： Kutch basin 40Ar–39Ar ages Early palaeozoic basement Continental-arc magmatism Calc-alkaline magmatism

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Investigation of coupling effect on the evolution of Richtmyer-Meshkov instability at double heavy square bubbles

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2024年第1期67卷 52-70页

作者： Satyvir singh Dhouha Taib Jalleli Applied and Computational Mathematics RWTH Aachen UniversityAachen 52056Germany Department of Mathematics Graphic Era Deemed to be UniversityDehradun 244712India Mathematics Department University College in DarbJazan UniversityAbu As Sadad 89653Saudi Arabia

This study investigates numerically the coupling effect on the evolution of Richtmyer-Meshkov instability at double heavy square *** scenarios are considered,each with varying initial separations S/L(where L demotes the side length of the square)ranging from 0.125 to *** are filled with SF6gas,and are enclosed by *** simulations of shock-induced multispecies flow are performed by solving the two-dimensional compressible Euler equations with a higher-order explicit modal discontinuous Galerkin *** simulations demonstrate that the flow morphology resulting from the coupling effect is highly dependent on the separation between two *** the separation is large,the squares experience a weaker coupling effect and evolve ***,as the separation reduces,the coupling effect manifests earlier in the interaction and becomes more *** a result,this phenomenon greatly intensifies the motion of inner upstream/downstream vortex rings towards the symmetry axis,leading to the emergence of multiple jets such as the twisted downward,upward,and coupled jets.A thorough exploration of the coupling effect of double squares is conducted by analyzing the vorticity ***,a significant quantity of vorticity is produced along the squares interface for smaller ***,these coupling effects result in various interface features(upstream/downstream movement,and height/width evolution),and temporal variations of various spatially integrated ***,the analysis of the flow structure also considers the interaction between two more flow parameters,the Mach and Atwood numbers,in order to evaluate the coupling effects.

关键词： RM instability shock wave double square bubbles coupling effect

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