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Can intracellular Staphylococcus aureus in osteomyelitis be treated using current antibiotics?A systematic review and narrative synthesis

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Bone Research 2022年第4期10卷 661-678页

作者： Anja R.Zelmer Renjy nelson Katharina Richter Gerald J.Atkins Centre for Orthopaedic and Trauma Research Faculty of Health and Medical SciencesUniversity of AdelaideAdelaideSA 5000Australia Department of Infectious Diseases Central Adelaide Local Health NetworkAdelaideSA 5000Australia Royal Adelaide Hospital AdelaideSA 5000Australia Richter Lab Department of SurgeryBasil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health ResearchUniversity of AdelaideAdelaideSA 5011Australia

Approximately 40%of treatments of chronic and recurrent osteomyelitis fail in part due to bacterial persistence.Staphylococcus aureus,the predominant pathogen in human osteomyelitis,is known to persist by phenotypic adaptation as small-colony variants(SCVs)and by formation of intracellular reservoirs,including those in major bone cell types,reducing susceptibility to antibiotics.Intracellular infections with S.aureus are difficult to treat;however,there are no evidence-based clinical guidelines addressing these infections in osteomyelitis.We conducted a systematic review of the literature to determine the demonstrated efficacy of all antibiotics against intracellular S.aureus relevant to osteomyelitis,including protein biosynthesis inhibitors(lincosamides,streptogramins,macrolides,oxazolidines,tetracyclines,fusidic acid,and aminoglycosides),enzyme inhibitors(fluoroquinolones and ansamycines),and cell wall inhibitors(beta-lactam inhibitors,glycopeptides,fosfomycin,and lipopeptides).The PubMed and Embase databases were screened for articles related to intracellular S.aureus infections that compared the effectiveness of multiple antibiotics or a single antibiotic together with another treatment,which resulted in 34 full-text articles fitting the inclusion criteria.The combined findings of these studies were largely inconclusive,most likely due to the plethora of methodologies utilized.Therefore,the reported findings in the context of the models employed and possible solutions for improved understanding are explored here.While rifampicin,oritavancin,linezolid,moxifloxacin and oxacillin were identified as the most effective potential intracellular treatments,the scientific evidence for these is still relatively weak.We advocate for more standardized research on determining the intracellular effectiveness of antibiotics in S.aureus osteomyelitis to improve treatments and patient outcomes.

关键词： treatment finding synthesis

Influence of PVD-duplex-treated, Bionic Surface Structures on the Wetting Behavior for Sheet-Bulk Metal Forming Tools

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Journal of Bionic Engineering 2017年第3期14卷 520-531页

作者： Wolfgang Tiilmann Dominic Stangier nelson Filipe Lopes Dias Institute of Materials Engineering TU Dortmund 44227 Dortmund Germany Leonhard-Euler-Strafle 2

Bionic surface structures, inspired by the flora, were developed for Sheet-Bulk Metal Forming （SBMF） in order to locally control the friction condition by adjusting the wetting behavior. Five bionic structures were micromilled on ASP 2023 in annealed as well as hardened and tempered conditions. Subsequently, the structured surfaces were plasma-nitrided and coated with a CrA1N thin film. The influence of the treatment method on the structural geometry was investigated with the aid of a scanning electron microscope and 3D-profilometer. The wetting behaviors of water and deep drawing oil （Berufluid ST6007） on bionic surfaces were evaluated using contact angle measurements. The resulting micro-milled structures exhibit an almost identical shape as their bionic models. However, the roughness of the structured surfaces is influenced by the microstructure. The combination of plasma-nitriding and Physical Vapor Deposition （PVD） leads to an increase in roughness. All bionic struc- tures possess higher contact angles than that of the unstructured surfaces when wetted by water. This can be explained by the fact that the structural elevations block the spreading. When the bionic surfaces are wetted by deep drawing oil, the lubricant spreads in the structural cavities, leading to smaller contact angles. Furthermore, the anisotropy of the structure has an influence on the wetting behavior.

关键词： bionic structures sheet-bulk metal forming CrA1N PVD-duplex treatment wetting behavior

Temporal and spatial anti-aliasing for rendering reflections on water waves

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Computational Visual Media 2021年第2期7卷 201-215页

作者： Namo Podee nelson Max Kei Iwasaki Yoshinori Dobashi Hokkaido University Sapporo060-0814Japan University of California Davis95616USA Wakayama University Wakayama640-8441Japan

The reflection of a bright light source on a dynamic surface such as water with waves can be difficult to render well in real time due to reflection aliasing and flickering.In this paper,we propose a solution to this problem by approximating the reflection direction distribution for the water surface as an elliptical Gaussian distribution.Then we analytically integrate the reflection contribution throughout the rendering interval time.Our method can render in real time an animation of the time integrated reflection of a spherical light source on highly dynamic waves with reduced aliasing and flickering.

关键词： real-time rendering anti-aliasing reflection water surface water waves elliptical Gaussian

Animal behavior can inform conservation policy, we just need to get on with the jobor can it？

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Current Zoology 2014年第4期60卷 479-485页

作者： Ximena J. nelson, Editor School of Biological Sciences University of Canterbury Private Bag 4800 Christchurch New Zealand

It seems intuitively sensible that an understanding of the behavioral characteristics of animals, such as their home ranges, diets, mating systems, and dispersal mechanisms, may be useful to inform conservation efforts in determining, for example, suitable reintroduction areas,or the design of dispersal corridors. Behavioral work can also determine the importance of a species within its habitat, for example as a seed disperser, and can highlight which extant species may play fundamental ecological roles, especially in areas where recent extinctions have led to drastic changes in biological composition (e.g., Young et al., 2012). So why is it that these two disciplines rarely merge, despite now being the discipline of Conservation Behavior in its own right? This disconnect and where it occurs has been identified by Palestis(2014), and multiple times by Caro (e.g., 1999,2007), whom contribute to this special column. Both Palestis (2014) and Caro (2007) suggest that behavioral ecologists have been “slow to link with conservation biologists” (Palestis, 2014).

关键词：行为特征动物减排新兴学科活动范围交配系统疏散通道再引入

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外国直接投资对非洲经济增长的影响研究

外国直接投资对非洲经济增长的影响研究

作者： nelson NGABIRANO 浙江科技学院

学位级别：硕士

This paper empirically analyzes the direct impact of foreign directs investments(FDI)on the economic growth of African countries.This study find that in parallel with the increase in the number of agreements,most often bilateral,the African governments are taking more and more measures to attract foreign capital.These measures include the easing of investment conditions(tax relief,for example)in host countries;which is also one of the recommendations of financial institutions such as the WB and the IMF.As a result,many investors are heading to Africa to benefit from changes in investment rules.By way of example,in2014,more than80%of investment policy measures aimed to improve the conditions for entry of foreign investment and to reduce existing restrictions.This shows how FDI remains the most important and constant source of external financing for developing economies but also justifies the behavior of African countries in seeking natural attraction of FDI.In view of the increase in the entry of FDI in the African zone,it is important to question the direct and conditional impacts of FDI on the economic growth of African countries.The objective of this study is to explore the impacts of foreign direct investment on economic growth of the African continent.An econometric analysis centered on simultaneous equations was performed.Indeed,this analysis has made it possible to observe correlations between foreign direct investment,economic growth,human capital,natural resources,openness to foreign trade and technology transfer.The results show that the FDI has an impact on economic growth through human capital,foreign trade and technology transfer.The level of education at the secondary level has a negative and significant impact on growth,while the level of higher education makes it possible to improve it significantly,at the threshold of1%at the level of growth of the African countries.Investment in general education and other forms of human capital is essential for a country it’s offers a favorable climate for FDI.T

关键词：外国直接投资经济增长非洲

Atomic Dispersion of Rh on Interconnected Mo_(2)C Nanosheet Network Intimately Embedded in 3D Ni_(x)MoO_(y) Nanorod Arrays for pH-Universal Hydrogen Evolution

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Energy & Environmental Materials 2023年第5期6卷 236-250页

作者： Thi Luu Luyen Doan Dinh Chuong Nguyen Patrick M.Bacirhonde Ahmed S.Yasin Abdelrahman I.Rezk nelson Y.Dzade Cheol Sang Kim Chan Hee Park Department of Bionanotechnology and Bioconvergence Engineering Graduate SchoolJeonbuk National UniversityJeonju Jeollabuk-do 54896Korea Department of Nano Convergence Engineering Jeonbuk National UniversityJeonju Jeollabuk-doJeonbuk 54896Korea Graduate School of Energy Science and Technology Chungnam National UniversityDaejeon 34134Korea Department of Energy and Mineral Engineering The Pennsylvania State UniversityUniversity Park State CollegePA 16802USA Division of Mechanical Design Engineering School of EngineeringJeonbuk National UniversityJeonju Jeollabuk-do 54896Korea Department of Bionanosystem Engineering Graduate School Jeonbuk National UniversityJeonju Jeollabuk-do 54896Korea

Herein,a simple synthetic approach is employed for the atomic dispersion of Rh atoms(Rh SAs)over the surface of interconnected Mo_(2)C nanosheets intimately embedded in a three-dimensional Ni_(x)MoO_(y)nanorod arrays(Ni_(x)MoO_(y)NRs)framework;we found that the introduction of both isolated Rh SAs and Ni_(x)MoO_(y)NRs adjusts the electrocatalytic function of the host Mo_(2)C toward the direction of being an advanced and highly stable electrocatalyst for efficient hydrogen evolution at pH-universal conditions.As a result,the proposed catalyst outperforms most recently reported transition metal-based catalysts,and its performance even rivals that of commercial Pt/C,as demonstrated by its ultralow overpotentials of 31.7,109.7,and 95.4 mV at a current density of 10 mA cm^(-2),along with its small Tafel slopes of 42.4,51.2,and 46.8 mV dec^(-1)in acidic,neutral,and alkaline conditions,respectively.In addition,the catalyst shows remarkable long-term stability over all pH values with good maintenance of its catalytic activity and structural characteristics after continuous operation.

关键词： hydrogen evolution reaction Mo_(2)C nanosheets Ni_(x)MoO_(y)nanorod arrays pH-universal catalyst single Rh atoms

Kinematic Analysis of Leaf Growth in Grasses:A Comment on Spatial and Temporal Quantitative Analysis of Cell Division and Elongation Rate in Growing Wheat Leaves under Saline Conditions

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2009年第5期51卷 433-436页

作者： Hans Schnyder Monika Kavanova C.Jerry nelson Lehrstuhl für Grünlandlehre Technische Universitt München85350 Freising-WeihenstephanGermany Department of Cell & Developmental Biology John Innes Centre Division of Plant Sciences University of Missouri

Hu and Schmidhalter （2008） conducted a study with wheat seedlings growing in saline and non-stressed （control） conditions with the aim of identifying and quantifying the cellular basis for the reduction in leaf growth. We applaud their goals as salinity is an important issue for plant ecology and food production; however, we have concerns about the methodology used and the subsequent conclusJons that are drawn.

关键词： Kinematic Analysis of Leaf Growth in Grasses cell length

Intracellular Transport of Plant Viruses： Finding the Door out of the Cell

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Molecular Plant 2011年第5期4卷 813-831页

作者： James E. Schoelz Phillip A. Harries Richard S. nelson Division of Plant Sciences University of Missouri Columbia MO 65211 USA Department of Biology Pittsburg State University Pittsburg KS 66762 USA Plant Biology Division The Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation Inc. Ardmore OK 73401 USA

Plant viruses are a class of plant pathogens that specialize in movement from cell to cell. As part of their arsenal for infection of plants, every virus encodes a movement protein （MP）, a protein dedicated to enlarging the pore size of plasmodesmata （PD） and actively transporting the viral nucleic acid into the adjacent cell. As our knowledge of intercellular transport has increased, it has become apparent that viruses must also use an active mechanism to target the virus from their site of replication within the cell to the PD. Just as viruses are too large to fit through an unmodified plasmodesma, they are also too large to be freely diffused through the cytoplasm of the cell. Evidence has accumulated now for the involvement of other categories of viral proteins in intracellular movement in addition to the MP, including viral proteins originally associated with replication or gene expression. In this review, we will discuss the strategies that viruses use for intracellular movement from the replication site to the PD, in particular focusing on the role of host membranes for intracellular transport and the coordinated interactions between virus proteins within cells that are necessary for successful virus spread.

关键词： Macromolecular trafficking membrane biology membrane proteins movement proteins plasmodesmata plant-virus interactions.

The International Commission on the History of Geological Sciences （INHIGEO） Symposium on History of Geophysics

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Episodes 2006年第1期29卷 56-58页

作者： Mike Johnston, nelson NEW ZEALAND

The 30th INHIGEO Symposium, with its theme the ‘History of Geophysics’, was held in the Czech Republic from 2-12 July 2005and attracted 42 participants from 18 countries.

关键词：地质科学捷克古生代地质工作第三纪