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Correlates of Mistimed Pregnancy and Unmet Need for Family Planning among Women of Reproductive Age in Sandema, Ghana

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Advances in Reproductive Sciences 2024年第2期12卷 125-140页

作者： Elvis Junior Dun-Dery Elijah Yendaw Frederick Dun-Dery lawrence Bagrmwin Menaal Kaushal Department of Population and Health Research Research Web Africa Sunyani Ghana Department of Governance and Development Management Faculty of Planning and Land Management Simon Diedong Dombo University of Business and Integrated Development Studies Wa Ghana University of Calgary 2500 University Drive NW Calgary Alberta Canada Lambussie Polyclinic Ghana Health Service Lambusie Upper West Region Ghana Department of Public Health Lekma Hospital Ghana Health Service Accra Ghana

Background: Globally, an estimated 80 million unintended pregnancies comprising both mistimed and unwanted pregnancies are recorded yearly. Yet only half of the women at risk of mistimed pregnancy use contraceptives. In developing countries, over 100 million females have unmet need, and national surveys in Ghana indicate 23% unmet need rate. Methods: Using a cross-sectional community-based approach, a sample size of 300 women of reproductive age were selected using multi-step cluster sampling techniques. The study was quantitative, using structured interviewer-administered questionnaires. Results: Two-third (66%) of the women in reproductive age still had unmet need, 71% were currently pregnant, and more than a third (36%) confirmed ever having a mistimed pregnancy. Fifty-three percent (53%) of the women confirmed never communicating with their partners on family planning issues, a little below half (45%) took their own health care decisions. Seventy nine percent (79%) ever received family planning services from a health professional. Factors related to unmet needs included mistimed pregnancy, level of education, preferred birth/pregnancy interval, communication between partners and the autonomy to spend self-earnings. Conclusion: Considering that high rates of unmet need results in mistimed pregnancy, improved policies around the influence of unmet need on mistimed pregnancies are needed.

关键词： Contraception Family Planning Mistimed Pregnancy Ghana Unintended Pregnancy

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Effective Utilization of Government-Provided CTI by Small Businesses within the Defense Industrial Base

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Journal of Information Security 2024年第2期15卷 196-217页

作者： Josiah Dykstra lawrence A. Gordon Martin P. Loeb Benjamin Wall Lei Zhou National Security Agency Fort Meade MD USA Robert H. Smith School of Business University of Maryland College Park MD USA

There are two broad objectives of the research reported in this paper. First, we assess whether government-provided cyber threat intelligence (CTI) is helpful in preventing, or responding to, cyber-attacks among small businesses within the U.S. Defense Industrial Base (DIB). Second, we identify ways of improving the effectiveness of government-provided CTI to small businesses within the DIB. Based on a questionnaire-based survey, our findings suggest that government-provided CTI helps businesses within the DIB in preventing, or responding to, cyber-attacks providing a firm is familiar with the CTI. Unfortunately, a large percentage of small firms are not familiar with the government-provided CTI feeds and consequently are not utilizing the CTI. This latter situation is largely due to financial constraints confronting small businesses that prevent firms from having the wherewithal necessary to effectively utilize the government-provided CTI. However, we found a significant positive association between a firm’s familiarity with the government-provided CTI and whether a firm is being periodically reviewed by the Defense Counterintelligence and Security Agency (DCSA) or is compliant with the Cybersecurity Maturity Model Certification (CMMC) program. The findings from our study also show that the participating firms believe that external cyber threats are more likely to be the cause of a future cybersecurity breach than internal cybersecurity threats. Finally, our study found that the portion of the IT budget that small businesses within the DIB spend on cybersecurity-related activities is dependent on the perception that a firm would be the target of an external cyber-attack.

关键词： Government-Provided CTI Small Businesses Defense Industrial Base

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Formulation of Infant Flours Based on Fonio Enriched with Bambara Groundnut Anacardium (Cashew) and African Locust Bean Fruit Pulp

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Agricultural Sciences 2024年第9期15卷 1071-1088页

作者： lawrence Roselynn Kra KouaKou Pierre Martial Thierry Akely Albarin Grodji Gbogouri Françoise Kouame Laboratory of Food Biochemistry and Tropical Product Technologies UFR of Food Sciences and Technology Nangui-Abrogoua University Abidjan Ivory Coast Department of Science et Technologie Section (SVT) Ecole Normale Suprieure Abidjan Cte dIvoire

Infant malnutrition is a significant issue in Côte d’Ivoire, and this study aims to address it by formulating infant flours using local ingredients. Fermentation, germination, and malting methods were used to enhance the quality of six formulated flours, all based on Fonio and supplemented with Bambara groundnut, African locust bean fruit pulp, and cashew kernels. Results showed that Fonio had the highest carbohydrate content, while Bambara groundnut and Cashew kernels were rich in protein and lipid content. African locust bean fruit pulp was rich in fiber and Vitamin C, with a high β-carotene value. The cashew kernel had the highest energy value. Regarding mineral composition, African locust bean fruit pulp had the highest potassium content, while Bambara groundnut and African locust bean fruit pulp were rich in sodium. Cashew kernel and Fonio had higher iron and calcium content. Bambara groundnut had a higher zinc content, while cashew kernel had a higher magnesium content. The formulated flours made from fermented Fonio grains and enriched with Bambara groundnut, African locust bean fruit pulp, and cashew kernel had varying protein, fiber, carbohydrate, ash, and fat contents. The flour formulated with sprouted Fonio and enriched with the same ingredients had higher protein content and energy value than the other fermented seed-based flours. The mixed flours produced with fermented seeds and the flour produced from sprouted seeds met international standards. Overall, these findings offer valuable insights into the nutritional composition of the formulated flours and their potential to combat infant malnutrition in Côte d’Ivoire.

关键词： Infant Flours Formulation Fonio Groundnut African Locust Bean Fruit Pulp

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金融界与商业界MBA职业发展的性别差距研究

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新金融 2024年第5期 16-23页

作者： Marianne Bertrand Claudia Goldin lawrence F.Kat 田振(翻译) 缪蛟(翻译) 芝加哥大学哈佛大学不详

Claudia Goldin是2023年诺贝尔经济学奖获得者。2010年,她与Marianne Bertrand和lawrence ***合作在AEJ:Applied Economics发表了此篇文章。该文对美国一所知名商学院MBA的职业生涯进行了调研,以了解MBA不同性别的职业发展。尽管MBA男... 详细信息

Claudia Goldin是2023年诺贝尔经济学奖获得者。2010年,她与Marianne Bertrand和lawrence ***合作在AEJ:Applied Economics发表了此篇文章。该文对美国一所知名商学院MBA的职业生涯进行了调研,以了解MBA不同性别的职业发展。尽管MBA男女在职业生涯初期的收入几乎相同,但他们的收入很快就出现了分化,MBA男性比女性的收入优势在毕业10年后达到了近60个对数点。造成MBA男女收入差距巨大且不断扩大的原因有3个:MBA毕业前培训的差异、职业中断的差异以及每周工作时间的差异。MBA女性的职业生涯中断较多,工作时间较短,这在很大程度上与做母亲有关。当前,帮助不同性别员工获得平等职业发展机会仍然是学术界探讨的重要议题。本刊征得原载期刊同意,编译此文,以飨读者。

关键词：工商管理硕士(MBA) 职业生涯职业中断 MBA男女收入差距

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Allogenic Stem Cell Transplantation and COVID-19 Antibodies: Mechanistic Insights and Recipient Concerns

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Open Journal of Immunology 2024年第2期14卷 16-32页

作者： Amna Umer Asma Umer Khayam Nasar Khan David lawrence Greene Umm E. Habiba Sabiha Shamim Pak-American Hospital Pvt. Ltd. Islamabad Pakistan R3 Medical Research LLC Scottsdale USA Bello Bio Labs and Therapeutics (SMC) Pvt. Ltd. Islamabad Pakistan Department of Biochemistry Rawalpindi Medical University Rawalpindi Pakistan Bello Bio LLC Scottsdale USA

Collecting umbilical cord stem cells is widely practiced due to its numerous benefits. Over the past decade, umbilical cord stem cells (UCSCs) have shown effectiveness in treating various conditions, such as bone pathologies, neuropsychiatry disorders, hereditary diseases, and metabolic disorders. However, factors like immunization affect the quantity and quality of cord harvesting. Studies suggest that antibodies from the mother pass through the umbilical cord to protect the infant against infections. Cleaning the umbilical cord before stem cell extraction is crucial to maintain sterility and cell integrity. Vaccinating a female donor, including for COVID-19, typically does not directly affect the stem cells. Although vaccines aim to trigger an immunological response, they generally do not affect the donor’s stem cells.

关键词： Vaccination Stem Cell Allogeneic COVID Antibodies

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Hungry and Angry Society: Implications for Sustainable Development in Nigeria

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Journalism and Mass Communication 2024年第2期14卷 140-154页

作者： lawrence Udisi Niger Delta University Wilberforce IslandNigeria

Hunger is a physiological need,but the production and consumption of adequate and balanced food is a function of social *** every point,social,political,and economic processes intervene,for better or(more common)for *** is one fundamental need of human beings for *** in Nigeria there is widespread food shortage and *** scholars have put forward reasons why poverty,hunger persists in the country,from the platitudes about population growth,inadequate implementation of agricultural policies,and neglect of agriculture,bad leadership,corruption,and the issue of *** is richly blessed with arable land and citizens eager to unlock its food ***,this is far from being realized as the country depends on foreign countries for food,a situation that is tragic and *** spends about$10 billion a year importing food and agricultural products,the majority of which are wheat,rice,poultry,fish,and consumer-oriented *** pressure on the exchange rate results in devaluation-triggered inflation and food costs that fly up beyond the grasp of people at the bottom of the ladder as it is now is one of the negative repercussions of high food importation *** the effects of hunger is one of this paper’s key concerns and goals,and anger crisis for achieving sustainable development in the country using the Frustration-Aggression Theory,The Relative Deprivation and Political Economy Approach as guide.

关键词： hunger and angry society poverty sustainable development frustration-aggression theory political economy

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Mitigating the Prevalence of Diabetic Retinopathy in the United States: Utilization of the Chronic Care Model as a Public Health Framework

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Open Journal of Ophthalmology 2024年第2期14卷 103-116页

作者： Anthony Obiyom Kamalu Austin Ebhodaghe Ekeoba Emeka Canice Uzor Christian Chukwuka Duru Obinna Princewill Anyatonwu Ogemdi Emmanuel Adiele Chibuike Reginald Amuzie Chima lawrence Odoemenam Public Health Department Louisiana State University Shreveport Shreveport USA College of Optometry State University of New York New York USA Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences Department of Optometry Imo State University Owerri Nigeria Epidemiology and Global Health Unit Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine Umea University Umea Sweden College of Medicine Georgetown University Washington DC USA Public Health Department School of Allied Health Professionals Louisiana State University Health Shreveport Shreveport USA

As the prevalence of diabetic retinopathy continues to be on the rise, the Chronic Care Model (CCM) offers a transformative, patient-focused approach for efficient diabetic retinopathy care, emphasizing the need for urgent and innovative strategies in the United States. The model integrates community resources, healthcare organizations, self-management support, delivery system design, decision support, and clinical information systems. Addressing challenges and solutions, the model emphasizes proactive and preventive measures, collaborative multidisciplinary care, technological integration, and overcoming resistance to change. This paper proposes the utilization of the Chronic Care Model (CCM) as a possible public health framework for comprehensive management of diabetic retinopathy in the United States. Implementing the CCM offers a comprehensive approach to diabetic retinopathy care, addressing both individual and systemic factors, essential for improving public health outcomes.

关键词： Chronic Care Model Diabetes Diabetic Retinopathy Model Implementation Vision Care

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Pursuing a smoke-free generation

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四川生理科学杂志 2024年第5期46卷 1094-1094页

作者： lawrence O Gostin 不详

The United Kingdom may soon become a world leader in forging a smoke-free *** month,the country passed a bill that bans the sale of cigarettes to anyone born in 2009 or *** prime minister claims the policy will"phase out smoking in young people almost completely as early as 2040."A final vote by Parliament is expected next *** claims 8 million lives every year,and could claim a billion lives over this century-mostly in low-and middle-income *** every person that dies,at least 30 more suffer from smokingrelated chronic *** benefits of a tobacco-free society would be transformational.

关键词： smoke income claims

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Seek and Ye Shall [eventually] Find： The End of the Search for the Auxin Receptor

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2005年第12期47卷 1412-1417页

作者： lawrence HOBBIE Department of Biology Adelphi University Garden City New York 11530 USA

The mechanism by which the plant hormone auxin regulates gene expression has been shown to involve regulated degradation, through the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway, of transcriptional repressor proteins. However, the key first component in this pathway, the receptor that binds auxin and initiates auxin signaling, has remained a mystery. Two recent papers identify the F-box protein TIR1, part of the complex that attaches ubiquitin to its targets, as an auxin receptor. This breakthrough reveals a new mode of signal transduction and lays the groundwork for a more complete understanding of auxin physiology.

关键词： auxin auxin receptor SCF complex signal transduction ubiquitin.

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Oxidative Stress in Collegiate Cross Country Skiers in Mid- and Post-Seasons

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Journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2024年第5期12卷 99-110页

作者： Scott P. Jerome Kriya L. Dunlap Ava M. Parrish Matthew L. Lowman Emily M. Shipman lawrence K. Duffy Arleigh J. Reynolds Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry University of Alaska Fairbanks Fairbanks AK USA Institute of Arctic Biology University of Alaska Fairbanks Fairbanks AK USA Department of Biology & Wildlife University of Alaska Fairbanks Fairbanks AK USA Department of Veterinary Medicine University of Alaska Fairbanks Fairbanks AK USA

Purpose: The oxidative stress (OS) hypothesis of overtraining syndrome argues that increased production of free radicals through exercise cause muscle fatigue and damage resulting in lower athletic performance. Several studies have investigated OS immediately before and after exercise bouts in a training macrocycle. Our study aimed to compare OS of endurance athletes between a competition macrocycle and the immediate post-season recovery macrocycle. In addition, we aimed to identify athletes who experienced an unexplainable drop in athletic performance during the competition season in order to compare their OS to those who experienced no drop in performance. Methods: Fifteen members of the University of Alaska Fairbanks cross country ski team volunteered for this study. Blood samples were taken in early February (“mid-season”) and late April (“post-season”). Participants completed questionnaires regarding physical activity and athletic performance at the time of the blood draws. Plasma was analyzed for 4-hydroxynonenal (HNE), nitrotyrosine, nitric oxide (NOX), and superoxide dismutase (SOD). Significance was determined by Wilcoxon and Mann-Whitney tests. Results: Participants displayed significantly higher (p Conclusion: Signs of oxidative stress and mitigation during the post-season recovery macrocycle were higher in athletes who reported experiencing a drop in athletic performance during the competition season macrocycle.

关键词： Oxidative Stress 4-Hydroxynonenal Superoxide Dismutase Athletic Performance Training Macrocycle

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