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Chocolate Milk with Sucrose and Stevia Preference by Pre- and Post-Menopausal Women

Food and Nutrition Sciences 2014年第14期5卷 1352-1358页

作者： Marta Regina Verruma-Bernardi Kiwon Lee Stephanie Qing liu Peter lawrence Bordi Jr. Center for Agrarian Sciences Federal University of S&atildeo Carlos S&atildeo Paulo Brazil The National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq) Brasilia Brazil São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP) Ribeir&atildeo Preto Brazil Department of Retail Hospitality and Tourism Management University of Tennessee Knoxville USA School of Hospitality Management Pennsylvania State University University Park USA Center for Food Innovation School of Hospitality Management Pennsylvania State University University Park USA

The objective of this study was to evaluate and compare the preference of chocolate milk products sweetened with sucrose and stevia by pre- and post-menopausal women and to examine their concerns about bone health. Women panelists were divided into two groups according to age: pre- menopausal (from 18 to 47 years old) and post-menopausal (over 48 years old) and answered the frequency of white and chocolate milk consumption during a week and their concerns about bone health. For preference, five kinds of chocolate milk were used: 1) Non Sucrose Added [NSA] with stevia and NutraFlora?, 2) NSA with stevia, 3) with sucrose and stevia, 4) with sucrose, stevia, and NutraFlora?, and 5) control with sucrose. The results showed that both groups (pre- and post- menopausal women) prefer chocolate milk to white milk. Pre-menopausal women prefer the chocolate milk with NSA stevia and NutraFlora?, while post-menopausal women prefer the chocolate milk NSA with stevia without NutraFlora?. For comparisons between chocolate milk with sucrose and stevia vs. chocolate milk with sucrose and stevia and NutraFlora? and chocolate milk with sucrose vs. chocolate milk with sucrose and stevia, there were no visible differences between pre- and post-menopausal women. Both groups were concerned about bone health, fiber, and calories, and their concerns about which influenced their milk choices. Pre-menopausal women showed a greater positive impact on milk choice when being informed the amount of fibers in the sample than post-menopausal women. Therefore, this study suggests that milk sweetened with stevia needs to be produced as calcium resources without increasing calories.

关键词： Preference Flavor Calories Sweeteners

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A thermodynamic hypothesis regarding optimality principles for flow processes in geosystems

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2014年第16期59卷 1880-1884页

作者： Hui-Hai liu Earth Sciences Division Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeleyCA 94720USA

This paper proposes a new thermodynamic hypothesis that states that a nonlinear natural system that is not isolated and involves positive feedbacks tends to minimize its resistance to the flow process through it that is imposed by its *** demonstrate that the hypothesis is consistent with flow behavior in saturated and unsaturated porous media,river basins,and the Earthatmosphere *** optimization for flow processes has been previously discussed by a number of researchers in the literature,the unique contribution of this work is to indicate that only the driving process is subject to optimality when multiple flow processes are simultaneously involved in a system.

关键词：地球系统流动过程热力学假说饱和多孔介质自然系统江河流域流动行为

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基于语料库的大学英语专业教材中的思辨元素探究

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外语教学 2022年第3期43卷 75-80页

作者：刘艳红张军奥克兰大学燕山大学外国语学院新西兰奥克兰大学

《外国语言文学类教学质量国家标准》提出了以“思辨能力”为根本的创新人才和以“广博知识”为基础的高素质人才培养要求。同时,2020年教育部印发的《高等学校课程思政建设指导纲要》指明,高等学校应根据不同学科专业的特色和优势,科... 详细信息

《外国语言文学类教学质量国家标准》提出了以“思辨能力”为根本的创新人才和以“广博知识”为基础的高素质人才培养要求。同时,2020年教育部印发的《高等学校课程思政建设指导纲要》指明,高等学校应根据不同学科专业的特色和优势,科学设计课程思政教学体系。英语教材不但为学习者提供基本学习资源,同时与社会、经济发展及教育政策密切相关。鉴于教材在英语教学中的重要作用,本研究运用语料库方法,对我国英语专业教材《大学思辨英语教程》中的思辨元素进行分析,并简要探讨其在课程思政教学中的作用。研究发现,教材主题语义域几乎涵盖了思辨性文本要求具备的各项基本要素。同时,教材根据不同主题,通过对中、西文化进行解构、对比和反思,积极引导学生讲仁爱、尚和合、求大同等思想,有利于培育社会主义核心价值观和加强中国优秀传统文化教育。

关键词：思辨要素英语教材语料库课程思政

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One-step spraying method to construct superhydrophobic magnesium surface with extraordinary robustness and multi-functions

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2021年第2期9卷 668-675页

作者： Lingjie Li Xia Li Jinlong Chen Lei liu Jinglei Lei Nianbing Li Gao liu Fusheng Pan School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Chongqing UniversityChongqing400044 PR China School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Southwest UniversityChongqing400715 PR China Energy Storage&Distributed Resources Division Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeleyCA 94720 USA School of Materials Science and Engineering Chongqing UniversityChongqing400044 PR China

The robust magnesium surfaces with multi-functions are highly desirable,and the simple and scalable methods to construct such surfaces are urgently ***,we conducted a one-step spraying method to facilely fabricate the robust coating with multi-functions on magnesium *** as-sprayed magnesium alloys surface is superhydrophobic with a static water contact angle(WCA)of 157.0°and a roll-off angle of 6.0°.Such surface has excellent mechanical,chemical and thermal stabilities,even undergoing various physical and chemical damages,including sand impact(10 gmin^(-1),≥20 min),water impact(2 impacts s^(-1),≥180 min),abrasion(1.00 kPa,≥25 cycles),peeling(≥2.15 kPa),high temperature(200°C,≥24 h),strong acidic/salty/basic media(p H=113)and organic-solvent immersion(ethanol and n-hexane,≥24 h),demonstrating brilliant ***,the surface displays multi-functions of corrosion protection,anti-fouling and heat insulation,which will undoubtedly promote the much wider applications of magnesium alloys.

关键词： Magnesium alloy Spraying method Superhydrophobicity Robustness Multi-functions

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教材语篇的文化内涵——一项基于语料库的《大学思辨英语教程》研究

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中国外语 2022年第1期19卷 90-97页

作者：张军刘艳红奥克兰大学教育学院燕山大学外国语学院

教育部2018年颁布的《外国语言文学类教学质量国家标准》指出,外语类专业学生应具备跨文化交流能力和批判性文化意识等。语言教材在语言知识和文化内涵两个层面上服务于语言学习,因此,教材对外语专业人才培养目标的实现起到关键作用。... 详细信息

教育部2018年颁布的《外国语言文学类教学质量国家标准》指出,外语类专业学生应具备跨文化交流能力和批判性文化意识等。语言教材在语言知识和文化内涵两个层面上服务于语言学习,因此,教材对外语专业人才培养目标的实现起到关键作用。本研究运用语料库研究方法,考察我国英语专业教材《大学思辨英语教程》的文化内容特征,以探讨其文化配置及语篇选择是否有利于培养学生的跨文化交流能力、思辨能力和语言运用能力等。研究发现,教材"观点"类语篇数量最多,"实践"和"产品"类语篇数量分别居第二和第三位。"观点"类语篇为学习者提供"关于思考的思考",而主题广泛的"实践"和"产品"类语篇向学习者呈现了多文化的社会互动模式和文化产物,有助于激发学习者对目标语文化和母语文化的社会现象和本质进行对比、联系和批判性思考,为提高学习者的跨文化交流能力、思辨能力、文学赏析能力等提供了比较充分的学习资源。

关键词：《大学思辨英语教程》语料库文化教材

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十二套“国家级规划”大学英语教材中思辨元素的特征分析

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外语教育研究前沿 2023年第4期6卷 73-81,96页

作者：张军刘艳红西安交通大学新西兰奥克兰大学燕山大学

《大学英语教学指南(2020版)》将培养学生的“思辨能力”列为我国大学英语的教学目标之一。教材为语言学习提供主要学习资源,同时是国家教育方针政策的重要载体。鉴于此,本研究运用语料库方法,对我国“国家级规划”大学英语教材中的思... 详细信息

《大学英语教学指南(2020版)》将培养学生的“思辨能力”列为我国大学英语的教学目标之一。教材为语言学习提供主要学习资源,同时是国家教育方针政策的重要载体。鉴于此,本研究运用语料库方法,对我国“国家级规划”大学英语教材中的思辨元素进行探究。研究发现,整体上教材语篇思辨元素指征显著,涵盖大量思辨性认知技能元素,如议题确定、概念澄清、分类、对比、证据呈现、观点评析等;以及能够激发学习者在认知活动中触发情感体验从而做出自我调节的“情感特质”思辨元素。教材语篇有望为学习者的思辨能力训练提供有效途径,并提供较为充分的学习资源。

关键词：大学英语教材思辨能力语料库

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Foreword to ＂A Comparative Study of Two Global Crises＂

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Frontiers of Economics in China-Selected Publications from Chinese Universities 2015年第3期10卷 393-395页

作者： Graham Allison lawrence Summers 1John FKennedy School of Government Harvard University Cambridge MA 02138 USA 2Department of Economics Harvard University Cambridge MA 02138 USA

For the past decade, liu He has been an influential economist and policy advisor in Beijing. An alumnus of the Harvard Kennedy School （MPA ＇95）, liu was a trusted advisor to President Hu Jintao during the global financial crisis of 2008. Since Xi Jinping became president in 2012, he has emerged as Xi＇s right-hand man on economic policy. As head of the Office of the Central Leading Group on Financial and Economic Affairs, comparable to the National Economic Council in the United States, liu frames policy options for the Politburo Standing Committee and has been named in the press as ＂chief architect＂ of the major reform program announced at the conclusion of the Third Plenum in November 2013. At the Summit between Presidents Obama and Xi at Sunnylands, liu was one of two assistants President Xi included in the conversations.

关键词：

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A multiple-proxy stalagmite record reveals historical deforestation in central Shandong, northern China

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Science China Earth Sciences 2020年第11期63卷 1622-1632页

作者： Liangcheng TAN Wen liu Tianli WANG Peng CHENG Jingjie ZANG Xiqian WANG Le MA Dong LI Jianghu LAN R.lawrence EDWARDS Hai CHENG Hai XU Li AI Yongli GAO Yanjun CAI State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology Institute of Earth EnvironmentChinese Academy of SciencesXi’an 710061China Center for Excellence in Quaternary Science and Global Change Chinese Academy of SciencesXi’an 710061China Institute of Global Environmental Change Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an 710049China Open Studio for Oceanic-Continental Climate and Environment Changes Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and TechnologyQingdao 266061China 801 Institute of Hydrogeology and Engineering Geology Shandong Provincial Bureau of Geology&Mineral ResourcesJinan 250014China Shandong Engineering Research Center for Environmental Protection and Remediation on Groundwater Jinan 250014China Library of Chang’an University Xi’an 710064China Department of Earth Sciences University of MinnesotaMinneapolis MN 55455USA School of Geography Nanjing Normal UniversityNanjing 210097China Institute of Surface-Earth System Science Tianjin UniversityTianjin 300072China Department of Geological Sciences University of Texas at San AntonioSan Antonio TX 78249USA

Evaluating anthropogenic impacts on regional vegetation changes during historical time is not only important for a better understanding of the Anthropocene but also valuable in improving the vegetation-climate *** this study,we analyzed stable isotopes(δ^18O,δ^13C)and trace elements(Mg/Ca,Sr/Ca)of a stalagmite from Huangchao Cave in central Shandong,northern China.230Th and AMS14C dating results indicate the stalagmite deposited during 174BC and AD1810,with a hiatus between AD638 and *** similarities of theδ^18O and trace elements in the stalagmite suggest they are reliable precipitation ***δ^13C of the stalagmite,a proxy of vegetation change,was generally consistent with local precipitation and temperature variations on a centennial-scale before the 15th *** typically varied from–9.6‰to–6.3‰,indicating climate controlled C3 type vegetation during this ***,a persistent and marked increasing trend in theδ^13C record was observed since the 15th century,resulting inδ^13C values from–7.7‰to–1.6‰in the next four *** unprecedentedδ^13C change caused by vegetation deterioration cannot be explained by climate change but is fairly consistent with the dramatically increasing population and farmland in *** suggest that the increasing deforestation and reclamation in central Shandong began to affect vegetation in the mountain region of central Shandong since the 15th century and severely destroyed or even cleared the forest during the 16th–18th century.

关键词： Speleothem Stable isotopes Trace elements Deforestation Human activity 16th century

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关键时刻的语境大串联——关于文化研究的对话

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南京大学学报（哲学．人文科学．社会科学） 2007年第3期44卷 75-81页

作者：劳伦斯.格罗斯伯格刘康美国北卡罗莱纳大学文化研究中心美国杜克大学中国传媒中心 durhamnc27708

这里刊出的是两位著名文化研究学者的一篇对话,主题自然是文化研究。劳伦斯.格罗斯伯格早年学习历史与哲学,后在英国伯明翰大学当代文化研究中心做研究,师从文化研究领军人斯图尔特.霍尔。他撰写和主编的大量论著在文化研究领域具有广... 详细信息

这里刊出的是两位著名文化研究学者的一篇对话,主题自然是文化研究。劳伦斯.格罗斯伯格早年学习历史与哲学,后在英国伯明翰大学当代文化研究中心做研究,师从文化研究领军人斯图尔特.霍尔。他撰写和主编的大量论著在文化研究领域具有广泛影响,许多成为经典性论著。他主编的《文化研究》杂志,创刊于1987年。20年来,该杂志发表了近千篇学术论文,对文化研究领域的形成和发展有举足轻重的意义。刘康现担任美国杜克大学公共政策学院中国传媒中心主任、教授,南京大学兼职教授。照对话者的看法,文化研究的要旨在于如何“讲好故事”,路径之一乃是“串联”(articulation,又译作“接合”)。“串联”概念源出于斯图尔特.霍尔,旨在将不同事物联系起来构成新东西。对话者首先提出了跨学科的“串联”,以问题为中心,将不同学科的视角、方法、观念和理论相互碰撞,必然会产生各种新的观念。以问题为核心,就是强调回到问题本身是研究之宗旨所在。这就触及到所谓的“激进的语境主义”,也就是将特定问题带回到它们出现的那个特定社会、政治、经济和文化背景之中。提倡从问题出发、反对理论先行,这就击中了当前一些文化研究普遍存在的弊端。“关键时刻”概念特指社会矛盾激化的重要时刻,是语境的另一种描述,中国和西方目前都处在这一时刻。劳动的贬值,共同价值的衰落,文化的经济化,消费社会的崛起,传媒的影响等,都作为关键时刻的问题凸现出来,向文化研究提出了挑战。理论如何与大众“串联”,是对话又一重要主题,将文化研究变成公共知识,而非学院派的密语,看来是今后文化研究所面临的难题。在这方面右派比左派做得更好,也更有效,倒是一个发人深省的问题。于是,文化研究议程的创新,特别是在中国,如何从理论消费转向理论生产,乃是一个不容忽视的重大问题。

关键词：文化研究关键时刻语境主义跨学科“串联”

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Human activity and climate change triggered the expansion of rocky desertification in the karst areas of Southwestern China

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Science China Earth Sciences 2021年第10期64卷 1761-1773页

作者： Chaojun CHEN Daoxian YUAN Hai CHENG Tsailuen YU Chuanchou SHEN Rlawrence EDWARDS Yao WU Siya XIAO Jian ZHANG Tao WANG Ran HUANG Ziqi liu Tingyong LI Junyun LI Chongqing Key Laboratory of Karst Environment School of Geographical SciencesSouthwest UniversityChongqing 400715China Key Laboratory of Karst Dynamics MNRGuangxiInstitute of Karst GeologyChinese Academy of Geological SciencesGuilin 541004China Yunnan Key Laboratory of Plateau Geographical Processes&Environmental Changes Faculty of GeographyYunnan Normal UniversityKunming 650500China Institute of Global Environmental Change Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an 710049China High-precision Mass Spectrometry and Environment Change Laboratory(HISPEC) Department of GeosciencesTaiwan UniversityTaipei 10617China Research Center for Future Earth Taiwan UniversityTaipei 10617China Global Change Research Center Taiwan UniversityTaipei 10617China Department of Earth Sciences University of MinnesotaMinneapolisMN 55455USA Environnements et Paléoenvironnements Océaniques et Continentaux(EPOC) UMR CNRS 5805Universitéde BordeauxPessac 33600France School of Karst Science Guizhou Normal UniversityGuiyang 550001China

It is conducive to the sustainable development of human beings in karst regions to research the mechanism of karst rocky desertification(KRD)*** the large-scale KRD in southwestern China is caused by climate change or human activities is still *** this study,the evolution of the KRD in southwestern China over the past 2000 years was reconstructed through the high-precisionδ^(13)C record of stalagmites from Shijiangjun(SJJ)Cave,Guizhou Province,***δ^(13)C of the stalagmites from SJJ Cave exhibited heavy values from the Medieval Warm Period(MWP)to the Little Ice Age(LIA).Furthermore,theδ^(13)C records of other stalagmites and tufa from southwestern China also showed the same significant heavy *** the stalagmiteδ^(13)C could record the change of ecological environment,it indicated that the consistent change of the stalagmitesδ^(13)C may record the process of KRD expansion in the karst regions of southwestern *** the MWP,the stronger Asian summer monsoon and the northward movement of the rain belt led to a dry period in southwestern China and a wet period in northern *** contrast,it was wet in southwestern China and dry in northern China during the *** addition,after the Jing-Kang event(JK event,AD1127)occurred at the end of the Northern Song dynasty,the political and economic center of China migrated to southern China for the first time,which changed the population distribution pattern of larger population in the north and smaller population in the ***,the expansion of KRD in southwestern China was exacerbated in the MWP due to the change of climate in southwestern China,the migration of a large number of people,wars,the large-scale reclamation of arable land,and the cultivation of large areas of crops.

关键词： Karst rocky desertification Jing-Kang event Stalagmiteδ13C record Medieval Warm Period Little Ice Age

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