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食用菌与人类健康(一)

食药用菌 2015年第2期23卷 82-85,101页

作者： Mary jo Feeney johanna Dwyer Clare M.Hasler-Lewis john A.Milner Manny Noakes Sylvia Rowe Mark Wach Robert B.Beelman joe Caldwell Margherita T.Cantorna Lisa A.Castlebury Shu-Ting Chang lawrence j.cheskin Roger Clemens Greg Drescher Victor L.Fulgoni Ⅲ David B.Haytowitz Van S.Hubbard David Law Amy Myrdal Miller Bart Minor Susan S.Percival Gabriela Riscuta Barbara Schneeman Suzanne Thornsbury Cheryl D.Toner Catherine E.Woteki Dayong Wu 郑玲粮食和农业行业顾问洛斯拉图斯加利福尼亚州塔夫茨大学医学院和美国农业部人类老龄化营养研究中心波士顿马萨诸塞州罗伯特·蒙达维酒庄葡萄酒和食品科学研究所加州大学加利福尼亚州贝茨维尔人类营养研究中心美国农业部农业研究服务机构马里兰州澳大利亚联邦科学与工业研究组织阿德莱德澳大利亚 SR Strategy有限责任公司华盛顿特区 Sylvan股份有限公司基坦宁宾夕法尼亚州宾夕法尼亚州立大学食品科学系植物与食用茵产品健康中心宾夕法尼亚州蒙特利食用菌股份有限公司沃森维尔加利福尼亚州宾夕法尼亚州立大学兽医和生物医学科学系宾夕法尼亚州美国农业部农业研究服务机构系统真菌学和微生物实验室贝兹维尔马里兰州香港中文大学麦凯勒澳大利亚国会选区约翰霍普金斯大学彭博公共卫生学院约翰霍普金斯体重管理中心巴尔的摩马里兰州南加州大学药学院管理科学国际中心洛杉矶加利福尼亚州美国烹饪学院海德帕克纽约 Nutrition Impact有限责任公司巴特克里密歇根州美国农业部农业研究服务机构贝茨维尔人类营养研究中心营养数据实验室贝兹维尔马里兰州美国国立卫生研究院营养研究分院和国家糖尿病、消化和肾脏疾病研究所美国健康与人类服务部贝塞斯达马里兰州美味蘑菇股份有限公司塞瓦斯托波加利福尼亚州美国烹饪学院圣赫勒拿加利福尼亚州圣何塞蘑菇理事会加利福尼亚州佛罗里达大学食品科学与人类营养系盖恩斯维尔佛罗里达州美国国家癌症研究所癌症预防部营养科学研究小组美国国立卫生研究院罗克维尔马里兰加州大学戴维斯分校营养系戴维斯加利福尼亚州美国农业部经济研究服务机构市场经济和贸易部华盛顿特区 CDT咨询有限责任公司赫恩登弗吉尼亚州美国农业部研究、教育和经济机构华盛顿特区美国农业部让梅耶人类老龄化营养研究中心营养免疫学实验室和塔夫茨大学弗里德曼营养科学与政策学院波士顿马萨诸塞州《食药用菌》编辑部

2013年9月9~10日,美国蘑菇理事会在华盛顿召开食用菌与健康峰会。会议指出,将食用菌定位为健康食品和养生保健品的研究主要集中于最近的几十年。中国是最早栽培食用菌的国家,目前仍然和美国、意大利、荷兰、波兰一样,是全球食用菌生产... 详细信息

2013年9月9~10日,美国蘑菇理事会在华盛顿召开食用菌与健康峰会。会议指出,将食用菌定位为健康食品和养生保健品的研究主要集中于最近的几十年。中国是最早栽培食用菌的国家,目前仍然和美国、意大利、荷兰、波兰一样,是全球食用菌生产大国之一。虽然在饮食上,食用菌被认为是一种蔬菜,但它是一种真菌,区别在于食用菌中含量极低的维生素B12的存在形式与肉类的相同,麦角固醇能通过紫外光照转换为维生素D2和共轭亚油酸。食用菌是麦角硫因（存在于自然界的一种稀有氨基酸,在机体内具有重要的生理活性）的罕见来源,同时含有硒、纤维素及其他维生素和矿物质。一些临床前和临床试验,研究了食用菌对认知能力、体重管理、口腔健康和患癌几率的影响。初步证据表明,食用菌可能通过与肠道菌群的互动,提供良好的免疫和炎症反应,增强适应性免疫的发展和改进免疫细胞功能。除了直接提供营养和健康福祉之外,美国食物摄入量调查数据的分析表明,食用菌还与更高的膳食质量有关。早期的感官研究表明,食用菌与肉类和低钠菜肴混合很受欢迎,在不影响口味的情况下可能有助于减少红色肉类（牛、羊肉等）和盐的摄入。食用菌特定的健康效应研究进展表明,需要通过有效的沟通交流,实现利用食用菌来提高整体饮食质量的目标。.

关键词：食用菌人类健康峰会美国蘑菇理事会饮食质量

Oxidative Stress in Collegiate Cross Country Skiers in Mid- and Post-Seasons

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journal of Biosciences and Medicines 2024年第5期12卷 99-110页

作者： Scott P. jerome Kriya L. Dunlap Ava M. Parrish Matthew L. Lowman Emily M. Shipman lawrence K. Duffy Arleigh j. Reynolds Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry University of Alaska Fairbanks Fairbanks AK USA Institute of Arctic Biology University of Alaska Fairbanks Fairbanks AK USA Department of Biology & Wildlife University of Alaska Fairbanks Fairbanks AK USA Department of Veterinary Medicine University of Alaska Fairbanks Fairbanks AK USA

Purpose: The oxidative stress (OS) hypothesis of overtraining syndrome argues that increased production of free radicals through exercise cause muscle fatigue and damage resulting in lower athletic performance. Several studies have investigated OS immediately before and after exercise bouts in a training macrocycle. Our study aimed to compare OS of endurance athletes between a competition macrocycle and the immediate post-season recovery macrocycle. In addition, we aimed to identify athletes who experienced an unexplainable drop in athletic performance during the competition season in order to compare their OS to those who experienced no drop in performance. Methods: Fifteen members of the University of Alaska Fairbanks cross country ski team volunteered for this study. Blood samples were taken in early February (“mid-season”) and late April (“post-season”). Participants completed questionnaires regarding physical activity and athletic performance at the time of the blood draws. Plasma was analyzed for 4-hydroxynonenal (HNE), nitrotyrosine, nitric oxide (NOX), and superoxide dismutase (SOD). Significance was determined by Wilcoxon and Mann-Whitney tests. Results: Participants displayed significantly higher (p Conclusion: Signs of oxidative stress and mitigation during the post-season recovery macrocycle were higher in athletes who reported experiencing a drop in athletic performance during the competition season macrocycle.

关键词： Oxidative Stress 4-Hydroxynonenal Superoxide Dismutase Athletic Performance Training Macrocycle

The pollen tube clear zone: Clues to the mechanism of polarized growth

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journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2015年第1期57卷 79-92页

作者： Peter K.Hepler lawrence j.Winship Biology Department University of Massachusetts School of Natural Science Hampshire College

Pollen tubes usually exhibit a prominent region at their apex called the ＂clear zone＂ because it lacks light refracting amyloplasts. A robust, long clear zone often associates with fast growing pollen tubes, and thus serves as an indicator of pollen tube health. Nevertheless we do not understand how it arises or how it is maintained. Here we review the structure of the clear zone, and attempt to explain the factors that contribute to its formation. While amyloplasts and vacuolar elements are excluded from the clear zone, virtually all other organelles are present including secretory vesicles, mitochondria, Golgi dictyosomes, and the endoplas-mic reticulum （ER）. Secretory vesicles aggregate into an inverted cone appressed against the apical plasma membrane. ER elements move nearly to the extreme apex, whereas mitochondria and Golgi dictyosomes move less far forward. The cortical actin fringe assumes a central position in the control of clear zone formation and maintenance, given its role in generating cytoplasmic streaming. Other likely factors include the tip-focused calcium gradient, the apical pH gradient, the influx of water, and a host of signaling factors （small G-proteins）. We think that the clear zone is an emergent property that depends on the interaction of several factors crucial for polarized growth.

关键词： Actin endoplasmic reticulum myosin polarized growth pollen tube

Calcium at the Cell Wall-Cytoplast Interface

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journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2010年第2期52卷 147-160页

作者： Peter K.Hepler lawrence j.Winship Department of Biology University of MassachusettsAmherstMA 01003USA School of Natural Science Hampshire CollegeAmherstMA 01002USA

Attention is given to the role of Ca^2＋ at the interface between the cell wall and the cytoplast, especially as seen in pollen tubes. While the cytoplasm directs the synthesis and deposition of the wall, it is less well appreciated that the wall exerts considerable self control and influences activities of the cytoplasm. Ca^2＋ participates as a crucial factor in this two way communication. In the cytoplasm, a [Ca^2＋] above 0.1 μM, regulates myriad processes, including secretion of cell wall components. In the cell wall Ca^2＋ , at 10μM to 10 mM, binds negative charges on pectins and imparts structural rigidity to the wall. The plasma membrane occupies a pivotal position between these two compartments, where selective channels regulate influx of Ca^2＋ , and specific carriers pump the ion back into the wall. In addition we draw attention to different factors, which either respond to the wall or are present in the wall, and usually generate elevated[Ca^2＋ ] in the cytoplasm. These factors include：（i） stretch activated channels; （ii） calmodulin; （iii） annexins; （iv） wall associated kinases; （v） oligogalacturonides; and （vi） extracellular adenosine 5＇-triphosphate. Together they provide evidence for a rich and multifaceted system of communication between the cytoplast and cell wall, with Ca^2＋ as a carrier of information.

关键词： Calcium at the Cell Wall-Cytoplast Interface CNGC

NEW MURID RODENTS FROM THE LATE CENOZOIC OF YUSHE BASIN, SHANXI

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古脊椎动物学报(中英文） 1992年第1期 29-38+87-88页

作者： lawrence j.Flynn Harvard University NY Research Associate American Museum of Natural History and Peabody Museum

As scientific collaborators of the Chinese-American joint project "Neogene Rocks and Faunas, Yushe Basin, Shanxi, PRC", the present authors, with William R. Downs, Northern Arizona University, sampled the Yushe microfauna in the fall of 1987 and 1988. The fossil temains were retrieved by surface collection and by wet-sieving bulk quantities of sediment.

关键词： Yushe Basin Late cenozoic murids new taxa

Co-author Weighting in Bibliometric Methodology and Subfields of a Scientific Discipline

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journal of Data and Information Science 2020年第3期5卷 84-96页

作者： lawrence Smolinsky Aaron j Lercher Department of Mathematics Louisiana State UniversityBaton RougeLA 70803USA Middleton Library Louisiana State UniversityBaton RougeLA 70803USA

Purpose: To give a theoretical framework to measure the relative impact of bibliometric methodology on the subfields of a scientific discipline, and how that impact depends on the method of evaluation used to credit individual scientists with citations and publications. The authors include a study of the discipline of physics to illustrate the method. Indicators are introduced to measure the proportion of a credit space awarded to a subfield or a set of ***/methodology/approach: The theoretical methodology introduces the notion of credit spaces for a discipline. These quantify the total citation or publication credit accumulated by the scientists in the discipline. One can then examine how the credit is divided among the subfields. The design of the physics study uses the American Physical Society print journals to assign subdiscipline classifications to articles and gather citation, publication, and author information. Credit spaces for the collection of Physical Review journal articles are computed as a proxy for ***: There is a substantial difference in the value or impact of a specific subfield depending on the credit system employed to credit individual *** limitations: Subfield classification information is difficult to obtain. In the illustrative physics study, subfields are treated in groups designated by the Physical Review journals. While this collection of articles represents a broad part of the physics literature, it is not all the literature nor a random *** implications: The method of crediting individual scientists has consequences beyond the individual and affects the perceived impact of whole subfields and institutions. Originality/value: The article reveals the consequences of bibliometric methodology on subfields of a disciple by introducing a systematic theoretical framework for measuring the consequences.

关键词： Citation analysis Bibliometrics Research evaluation Co-author

Involvement of eicosanoids in the pathogenesis of pancreatic cancer: the roles of cyclooxygenase-2 and 5-lipoxygenase

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World journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第31期20卷 10729-10739页

作者： lawrence M Knab Paul j Grippo David j Bentrem Department of Surgery Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine Robert H Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center Northwestern University jesse Brown VA Medical Center

The interplay between inflammation and cancer progression is a growing area of research. A combination of clinical, epidemiological, and basic science investigations indicate that there is a relationship between inflammatory changes in the pancreas and neoplastic progression. Diets high in ω-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids provide increased substrate for arachidonic acid metabolism by cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) to form eicosanoids. These eicosanoids directly contribute to pancreatic cancer cell proliferation. Both COX-2 and 5-LOX are upregulated in multiple cancer types, including pancreatic cancer. In vitro studies using pancreatic cancer cell lines have demonstrated upregulation of COX-2 and 5-LOX at both the mRNA and protein levels. When COX-2 and 5-LOX are blocked via a variety of mechanisms, cancer cell proliferation is abrogated both in vitro and in vivo. The mechanism of COX-2 has been shown to include effects on apoptosis as well as angiogenesis. 5-LOX has been implicated in apoptosis. The use of COX-2 and 5-LOX inhibitors in clinical studies in patients with pancreatic cancer has been limited. Patient enrollment has been restricted to those with advanced disease which makes evaluation of these drugs as chemopreventive agents difficult. COX-2 and 5-LOX expression have been shown to be present during the early neoplastic changes of pancreatic cancer, well before progression to invasive disease. This indicates that the ideal role for these interventions is early in the disease process as preventive agents, perhaps in patients with chronic pancreatitis or hereditary pancreatitis.

关键词： Arachidonic acid Eicosanoid Cyclooxygenase-2 5-lipoxygenase Pancreatic cancer Inflammation

The sky is not falling!

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Economic and Political Studies 2019年第2期7卷 122-147页

作者： lawrence j.Lau Lau Chor Tak Institute of Global Economics and Finance The Chinese University of Hong KongHong Kong SARChina

As of October 2018,almost half of US imports of goods from China are subject to new US tariffs at various rates,mostly at 10%until the year-end of 2018,when the rates were scheduled to be raised to 25%.These tariff rates will prove to be prohibitive for most if not all of the US imports from *** that US imports from China will be reduced by half,the initial direct real impact on the Chinese economy may be estimated at a loss of 0.43%of *** indirect effects are included,the full real impact may be estimated at a maximum loss of 1.12%of Chinese *** estimated impacts are relatively small and quite *** is a possibility that the scope of the US tariffs may be expanded to cover all US imports from China,in which case the full negative economic impact will be doubled,but still leaving an expected rate of economic growth in excess of 4%.The Renminbi is not likely to be significantly devalued as a result of the trade ***,there are also longer-term underlying forces at work behind the China–US trade war–the competition for economic and technological dominance and the rise of populism,isolationism,nationalism and *** is important for China–US relations,and China’s relations with the rest of the world,in particular with the European Union,Association of Southeast Asian Nations(ASEAN),japan and Russia,to be carefully managed going forward.

关键词： International trade trade war trade surplus tariff China–US relationship

Nano-enhanced solid-state hydrogen storage:Balancing discovery and pragmatism for future energy solutions

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Nano Research 2024年第10期17卷 8729-8753页

作者： Chaochao Dun Xinyi Wang Linfeng Chen Sichi Li Hanna M.Breunig jeffrey j.Urban The Molecular Foundry Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory BerkeleyBerkeleyCA 94720USA Energy Analysis and Environmental Impacts Division Lawrence Berkeley National LaboratoryBerkeleyCA 94720USA lawrence Livermore National Laboratory LivermoreCA 94550USA

Nanomaterials have revolutionized the battery industry by enhancing energy storage capacities and charging speeds,and their application in hydrogen(H_(2))storage likewise holds strong potential,though with distinct challenges and mechanisms.H_(2) is a crucial future zero-carbon energy vector given its high gravimetric energy density,which far exceeds that of liquid ***,its low volumetric energy density in gaseous form currently requires storage under high pressure or at low *** review critically examines the current and prospective landscapes of solid-state H_(2) storage technologies,with a focus on pragmatic integration of advanced materials such as metal-organic frameworks(MOFs),magnesium-based hybrids,and novel sorbents into future energy *** materials,enhanced by nanotechnology,could significantly improve the efficiency and capacity of H_(2) storage systems by optimizing H_(2) adsorption at the nanoscale and improving the kinetics of H_(2) uptake and *** discuss various H_(2) storage mechanisms—physisorption,chemisorption,and the Kubas interaction—analyzing their impact on the energy efficiency and scalability of storage *** review also addresses the potential of“smart MOFs”,single-atom catalyst-doped metal hydrides,MXenes and entropy-driven alloys to enhance the performance and broaden the application range of H_(2) storage systems,stressing the need for innovative materials and system integration to satisfy future energy ***-throughput screening,combined with machine learning algorithms,is noted as a promising approach to identify patterns and predict the behavior of novel materials under various conditions,significantly reducing the time and cost associated with experimental *** closing,we discuss the increasing involvement of various companies in solid-state H_(2) storage,particularly in prototype vehicles,from a techno-economic *** forward-looking perspective underscores t

关键词： nanomaterials nanotechnology solid-state H_(2)storage techno-economic analysis model-driven material development processes