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Endomorph.n analogues with.balanced affinity for both.- andδ-opioid receptors

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Ch.nese Ch.mical Letters 2011年第8期22卷 907-910页

作者： Liang Zh.ng Lei Ch.ng Lei Lei Yu Jin Ch.n Liu Jia Jia Ch.n Xiao Wen Li lawrence h. lazarus Ting You Li Sch.ol of Ph.rmacy Nanjing Medical University Nanjing 210029 China Medicinal Ch.mistry Group Laboratory of Toxicology and Pharmacology National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences Research Triangle Park NC 27709 USA

Analogues of endomorph.n and tripeptidcs modified at positions 4 and 3,respectively,with.various ph.nylalanine analogues were synth.sized and th.ir affinities for opioid receptors were *** of th. peptides exh.bited potentμ-receptor affinity and selectivity,among th.m,compound 7（Dmt-Pro-Tmp-Tmp-Nh.2） exh.bited potent affinity for both.-andδ-receptors （K_iμ= 0.47 nmol/L,K_iδ= 1.63 nmol/L）.

关键词： Endomorph.n Opioid Analgesics

Paleosols of th. upper Paleozoic Sangre de Cristo Formation,north.central New Mexico:Record of early Permian palaeoclimate in tropical Pangaea

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Journal of Palaeogeograph. 2017年第2期6卷 144-161页

作者： lawrence h. Tanner Spencer G. Lucas Department of Biological Sciences Le Moyne CollegeSyracuseNY 13214USA New Mexico Museum of Natural h.story 1801 Mountain Road N.W.AlbuquerqueNM 87014USA

Th. lower Permian(Wolfcampian) Sangre de Cristo Formation of north.rn New Mexico consists of silty mudstones and laterally discontinuous sandstones deposited on an aggrading alluvial ***,mudstones display a variety of pedogenic *** mudstone fabrics vary from platy to prismatic;some beds display prominent pedogenic ***-colored root traces are common th.ough.ut th. section,as are calcareous nodules,wh.ch.vary from small bodies with.diffuse boundaries to vertically stacked,discrete,cm-scale nodules(rh.zocretions),and less commonly form coalescing *** occur only in th. lower portion of th. ca.90-m measured *** of th. mudstone beds contain calcretes th.t are immature(calcic Protosols to calcic Argillisols),but th. lower to middle portion of th. section also contains mature calcrete h.rizons(argillic Calcisols and Calcisols).Intercalated micritic limestone beds with.sh.rp contacts containing root traces,are of laterally variable th.ckness and grade to nodular *** are interpreted as floodplain pond carbonates th.t h.ve undergone pedogenic alteration(palustrine limestones),indicating long periods of exposure under strongly seasonal climatic *** isotopic composition of th. pedogenic carbonate displays a substantial range of values,but most of th. range of variation in isotopic composition is accounted for by isotopically h.avier carbonate(both.carbon and oxygen) precipitated in sh.llow ponds subject to intense pedogenic reworking(palustrine carbonate).During th. early Permian,north.rn New Mexico was situated in a near equatorial position(ca.4° N).Th. overall ch.racter of th. paleosols suggests a persistent warm,semi-h.mid,seasonal climate th.ough.ut most of th. interval of deposition during th. Wolfcampian,but with.episodically increased aridity during formation of th. more mature *** long-term trend of climate ch.nge is evident in th. stratigraph.c section examined for th.s study.

关键词： Sangre de Cristo Formation Wolfcampian Vertisol Argillisol Calcisol Protosol

Effective Utilization of Government-Provided CTI by Small Businesses with.n th. Defense Industrial Base

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Journal of Information Security 2024年第2期15卷 196-217页

作者： Josiah.Dykstra lawrence A. Gordon Martin P. Loeb Benjamin Wall Lei Zh.u National Security Agency Fort Meade MD USA Robert h. Smith.Sch.ol of Business University of Maryland College Park MD USA

Th.re are two broad objectives of th. research.reported in th.s paper. First, we assess wh.th.r government-provided cyber th.eat intelligence (CTI) is h.lpful in preventing, or responding to, cyber-attacks among small businesses with.n th. U.S. Defense Industrial Base (DIB). Second, we identify ways of improving th. effectiveness of government-provided CTI to small businesses with.n th. DIB. Based on a questionnaire-based survey, our findings suggest th.t government-provided CTI h.lps businesses with.n th. DIB in preventing, or responding to, cyber-attacks providing a firm is familiar with.th. CTI. Unfortunately, a large percentage of small firms are not familiar with.th. government-provided CTI feeds and consequently are not utilizing th. CTI. Th.s latter situation is largely due to financial constraints confronting small businesses th.t prevent firms from h.ving th. wh.rewith.l necessary to effectively utilize th. government-provided CTI. h.wever, we found a significant positive association between a firm’s familiarity with.th. government-provided CTI and wh.th.r a firm is being periodically reviewed by th. Defense Counterintelligence and Security Agency (DCSA) or is compliant with.th. Cybersecurity Maturity Model Certification (CMMC) program. Th. findings from our study also sh.w th.t th. participating firms believe th.t external cyber th.eats are more likely to be th. cause of a future cybersecurity breach.th.n internal cybersecurity th.eats. Finally, our study found th.t th. portion of th. IT budget th.t small businesses with.n th. DIB spend on cybersecurity-related activities is dependent on th. perception th.t a firm would be th. target of an external cyber-attack.

关键词： Government-Provided CTI Small Businesses Defense Industrial Base

Fossil ch.rcoal from th. Middle Jurassic of th. Ordos Basin,Ch.na and its paleoatmosph.ric implications

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Geoscience Frontiers 2012年第4期3卷 493-502页

作者： lawrence h. Tanner Xin Wang Alesh. C. Morabito Department of Biological Sciences Le Moyne College Syracuse NY 13214 USA State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraph. Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology Chinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210008 China

Th. Yah.an Formation of th. Ordos Basin is a sequence of four members, consisting of si- liciclastic sediments deposited in alluvial, lacustrine and mire settings during th. Middle Jurassic. Samples collected from Members Two and Four contain abundant blackened plant material identified th.ough.standard analytical tech.iques as fusain （fossil ch.rcoal）. Th. occurrence of fusain in fluvial sandstones at multiple h.rizons in th. outcrops, combined with.th. previously reported h.gh.concentra- tion of inertinite in th. coals of Member One, indicates th.t paleowildfire was a common occurrence in th. Ordos Basin during Yan＇an deposition. Sedimentary evidence from Yan＇an outcrops suggests th.t th. paleoclimate was seasonal during deposition of Members Two th.ough.Four, wh.ch.may h.ve contributed to th. wildfire frequency. Th. presence of fusain in th. Yah.an Formation indicates th.t atmosph.ric oxygen levels were clearly above th. minimum required for sustained combustion during th. Middle Jurassic. Th.s conclusion contradicts previous geoch.mical models for paleoatmosph.ric composition, but supports more recent studies.

关键词： Fusain Paleoatmosph.ric oxygen Wildfire Ordos Basin Yan'an Formation Ch.rcoal

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袋鼠

Successional trends and processes on a glacial foreland in South.rn Iceland studied by repeated species counts

作者： D. h. lawrence[]

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Ecological Processes 2019年第1期8卷 138-148页

作者： Taylor G.Glausen lawrence h.Tanner Jacobs Sch.ol of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences State University of New York at BuffaloBuffaloNY 14203USA Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences Le Moyne CollegeSyracuseNY 13214USA

Introduction:Primary succession on glacial forelands is increasingly relevant as rapid glacial retreat is exposing growing land areas to plant *** investigated temporal trends,controls,and outcomes in floral succession on a subarctic glacial ***,we examined ch.nges in community composition(mosses,low sh.ubs,forbs,trees,and graminoids)over long-term(decadal)and sh.rt-term(h. underlying processes responsible for th. observed successional ***:Th. study area was th. foreland of th. Skaftafellsjӧkull,located in Vatnajӧkull National Park near th. south.coast of *** establish.d nine transect lines at varying distances from th. ice front representing surfaces of age ranging from less th.n one decade to over 100 *** transect consisted of five measurement stations of 1 m2 wh.re we measured vegetative cover(VC),species rich.ess(SR),and species density(SD)and calculated species evenness(SE).Measurements were made initially in 2007 and repeated at th. same geograph.c coordinates in ***:VC increased with.distance from th. ice front from 16%to over 90%.SR and SD increased from th. youngest pioneer community th.ough.a mid-successional stage corresponding to an age of over 60 but less th.n 100 *** VC but declining SR,SD,and SE ch.racterized th. oldest(over 100 years)bryoph.te-dominated *** turnover,wh.ch.involved forbs almost exclusively,increased moderately from early th.ough.midsuccessional sites and declined on older *** of th. measurements made in 2014 to th.se made in 2007 demonstrates increased SR at mid-successional sites wh.le SD remained relatively ***:At a small scale,colonization is controlled by local factors such.as microtopograph. and aspect,particularly in proximity to th. *** th. landscape level,ch.nges in VC and community structure are controlled by time and nutrient *** nutrient level

关键词： Primary succession Glacial foreland Species rich.ess Species density Bryoph.te

End-Triassic nonmarine biotic events

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Journal of Palaeogeograph. 2015年第4期4卷 331-348页

作者： Spencer G.Lucas lawrence h.Tanner New Mexico Museum of Natural h.story Department of Biological Sciences Le Moyne College

Th. Late Triassic was a prolonged interval of elevated extinction rates and low origination rates th.t manifested th.mselves in a series of extinctions during Carnian, Norian and Rh.etian time. Most of th.se extinctions took place in th. marine realm, particularly affecting radiolarians, conodonts, bivalves, ammonoids and reef-building organisms. On land, th. case for a Late Triassic mass extinction is much.more tenuous and h.s largely focused on tetrapod vertebrates（amph.bians and reptiles）, th.ugh.some workers advocate a sudden endTriassic（TJB） extinction of land plants. Neverth.less, an extensive literature does not identify a major extinction of land plants at th. TJB, and a compreh.nsive review of palynological records concluded th.t TJB vegetation ch.nges were non-uniform（different ch.nges in different places）, not synch.onous and not indicative of a mass extinction of land plants. Claims of a substantial perturbation of plant ecology and diversity at th. TJB in East Greenland are indicative of a local ch.nge in th. paleoflora largely driven by lith.facies ch.nges resulting in ch.nging taph.nomic filters. Plant extinctions at th. TJB were palaeogeograph.cally localized events, not global in extent. With.new and more detailed stratigraph.c data, th. perceived TJB tetrapod extinction is mostly an artifact of coarse temporal resolution, th. compiled correlation effect. Th. amph.bian, arch.saur and synapsid extinctions of th. Late Triassic are not concentrated at th. TJB, but instead occur stepwise, beginning in th. Norian and extending into th. h.ttangian. Th.re was a disruption of th. terrestrial ecosystem across th. TJB, but it was more modest th.n generally claimed. Th. ecological severity of th. end-Triassic nonmarine biotic events are relatively low on th. global scale. Biotic turnover at th. end of th. Triassic was likely driven by th. CAMP（Central Atlantic Magmatic Province） eruptions, wh.ch.caused significant environmental perturbations（cooling, warming,

关键词： Triassic-Jurassic boundary mass extinction land plants East Greenland tetrapods Newark Supergroup CAMP volcanism

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缺氧缺血时神经元保护的新观点(英文)

生理学报 2009年第6期61卷 585-592页

作者：冯源晁东满何小舟杨伊林康学智 lawrence h.lazarus 夏萤耶鲁大学医学院南京医科大学第一附属医院南京210029 苏州大学第三临床医学院常州213003 上海市针灸经络研究中心上海201203 美国环境卫生科学研究院

阿片类镇痛剂的临床应用具有悠久的历史。然而,阿片受体的功能,特别是其在脑内的作用,尚未完全阐明。近年来,有关阿片受体介导的功能及其作用机制的研究,产生了大量新资料。其中,最令人兴奋的发现或许是δ阿片受体(δ-opioid receptor,D... 详细信息

阿片类镇痛剂的临床应用具有悠久的历史。然而,阿片受体的功能,特别是其在脑内的作用,尚未完全阐明。近年来,有关阿片受体介导的功能及其作用机制的研究,产生了大量新资料。其中,最令人兴奋的发现或许是δ阿片受体(δ-opioid receptor,DOR)对缺氧缺血神经元的保护作用。DOR表达的上调和内源性阿片释放可增加神经元对缺氧缺血应激的耐受性。根据应激的持续时间和严重程度的不同,DOR信号可在多个水平触发不同机制,从而保护神经元,使之得以在应激环境中生存。这些机制包括稳定离子内环境、增强促生存信号通路的转导(如PKC-ERK-Bcl2通路)和增加抗氧化损伤的能力。DOR保护缺氧缺血神经元的最新资料,给神经保护并籍以对抗神经系统疾患的研究提供了一个新观念,对某些严重脑疾病(如中风)的预防和治疗可能具有较大的意义。

关键词：阿片肽 δ阿片受体神经递质脑离子稳态神经保护低氧缺血

Spatial and temporal dynamics of growth.of woody plant species (birch.and willows) on th. foreland of a retreating glacier in south.rn Iceland

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Ecological Processes 2021年第1期10卷 184-194页

作者： h.ley E.Synan Mikael A.Melfi lawrence h.Tanner Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences Le Moyne CollegeSyracuseNew York 13214USA

Background:Th. forelands of retreating glaciers are invaluable natural laboratories in wh.ch.to explore th. processes of primary *** studies h.ve been conducted on foreland ch.onosequences to identify temporal and spatial trends of th. successional *** study focused on th. spatio-temporal distribution of th.ee woody plant species on th. foreland of a retreating glacier in south.rn Iceland wh.re h.storical observations provide precise age control of th. *** evaluate colonization and successional trends,we examined wh.ch.species increase in abundance with.time and tested th. role of proximity to a seed source in ***,we quantified th. rate at wh.ch.biomass carbon is added to th. ***:Th. density of stems of Betula pubescens increases with.moraine age across th. foreland ch.onosequence wh.le th. density of stems of both.Salix lanata and Salix ph.licifolia *** found low statistical significance to th. relationsh.p between th. density of *** and distance from a forested ridge nor did we find a relationsh.p between th. length. of th. stems and th. moraine *** biomass increased fastest during early successional stages and reach.d a maximum of 28.5 g C m^(−2) on th. oldest ***:Early colonization of moraines was controlled by environmental filters wh.ch.favored both.Salix *** by *** followed as environmental factors,e.g.,favorable soil properties,*** found no conclusive evidence th.t proximity to a potential source of *** propagules was a significant factor in controlling *** assumption th.t th. abundance of individuals increased with.time th.ough.later successional stages proved valid for ***,but not for eith.r species of *** findings are consistent with.th. classical spatial successional model of community ***,general successional processes at th. landscape scale control th. temp

关键词： Glacial foreland Ch.onosequence Primary succession Spatial distribution Aboveground biomass Iceland