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Paleosols of th. upper Paleozoic Sangre de Cristo Formation,north.central New Mexico:Record of early Permian palaeoclimate in tropical Pangaea

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Journal of Palaeogeograph. 2017年第2期6卷 144-161页

作者： lawrence h. Tanner Spencer G. Lucas Department of Biological Sciences Le Moyne CollegeSyracuseNY 13214USA New Mexico Museum of Natural h.story 1801 Mountain Road N.W.AlbuquerqueNM 87014USA

Th. lower Permian(Wolfcampian) Sangre de Cristo Formation of north.rn New Mexico consists of silty mudstones and laterally discontinuous sandstones deposited on an aggrading alluvial ***,mudstones display a variety of pedogenic *** mudstone fabrics vary from platy to prismatic;some beds display prominent pedogenic ***-colored root traces are common th.ough.ut th. section,as are calcareous nodules,wh.ch.vary from small bodies with.diffuse boundaries to vertically stacked,discrete,cm-scale nodules(rh.zocretions),and less commonly form coalescing *** occur only in th. lower portion of th. ca.90-m measured *** of th. mudstone beds contain calcretes th.t are immature(calcic Protosols to calcic Argillisols),but th. lower to middle portion of th. section also contains mature calcrete h.rizons(argillic Calcisols and Calcisols).Intercalated micritic limestone beds with.sh.rp contacts containing root traces,are of laterally variable th.ckness and grade to nodular *** are interpreted as floodplain pond carbonates th.t h.ve undergone pedogenic alteration(palustrine limestones),indicating long periods of exposure under strongly seasonal climatic *** isotopic composition of th. pedogenic carbonate displays a substantial range of values,but most of th. range of variation in isotopic composition is accounted for by isotopically h.avier carbonate(both.carbon and oxygen) precipitated in sh.llow ponds subject to intense pedogenic reworking(palustrine carbonate).During th. early Permian,north.rn New Mexico was situated in a near equatorial position(ca.4° N).Th. overall ch.racter of th. paleosols suggests a persistent warm,semi-h.mid,seasonal climate th.ough.ut most of th. interval of deposition during th. Wolfcampian,but with.episodically increased aridity during formation of th. more mature *** long-term trend of climate ch.nge is evident in th. stratigraph.c section examined for th.s study.

关键词： Sangre de Cristo Formation Wolfcampian Vertisol Argillisol Calcisol Protosol

Effective Utilization of Government-Provided CTI by Small Businesses with.n th. Defense Industrial Base

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Journal of Information Security 2024年第2期15卷 196-217页

作者： Josiah.Dykstra lawrence A. Gordon Martin P. Loeb Benjamin Wall Lei Zh.u National Security Agency Fort Meade MD USA Robert h. Smith.Sch.ol of Business University of Maryland College Park MD USA

Th.re are two broad objectives of th. research.reported in th.s paper. First, we assess wh.th.r government-provided cyber th.eat intelligence (CTI) is h.lpful in preventing, or responding to, cyber-attacks among small businesses with.n th. U.S. Defense Industrial Base (DIB). Second, we identify ways of improving th. effectiveness of government-provided CTI to small businesses with.n th. DIB. Based on a questionnaire-based survey, our findings suggest th.t government-provided CTI h.lps businesses with.n th. DIB in preventing, or responding to, cyber-attacks providing a firm is familiar with.th. CTI. Unfortunately, a large percentage of small firms are not familiar with.th. government-provided CTI feeds and consequently are not utilizing th. CTI. Th.s latter situation is largely due to financial constraints confronting small businesses th.t prevent firms from h.ving th. wh.rewith.l necessary to effectively utilize th. government-provided CTI. h.wever, we found a significant positive association between a firm’s familiarity with.th. government-provided CTI and wh.th.r a firm is being periodically reviewed by th. Defense Counterintelligence and Security Agency (DCSA) or is compliant with.th. Cybersecurity Maturity Model Certification (CMMC) program. Th. findings from our study also sh.w th.t th. participating firms believe th.t external cyber th.eats are more likely to be th. cause of a future cybersecurity breach.th.n internal cybersecurity th.eats. Finally, our study found th.t th. portion of th. IT budget th.t small businesses with.n th. DIB spend on cybersecurity-related activities is dependent on th. perception th.t a firm would be th. target of an external cyber-attack.

关键词： Government-Provided CTI Small Businesses Defense Industrial Base

Fossil ch.rcoal from th. Middle Jurassic of th. Ordos Basin,Ch.na and its paleoatmosph.ric implications

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Geoscience Frontiers 2012年第4期3卷 493-502页

作者： lawrence h. Tanner Xin Wang Alesh. C. Morabito Department of Biological Sciences Le Moyne College Syracuse NY 13214 USA State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraph. Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology Chinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210008 China

Th. Yah.an Formation of th. Ordos Basin is a sequence of four members, consisting of si- liciclastic sediments deposited in alluvial, lacustrine and mire settings during th. Middle Jurassic. Samples collected from Members Two and Four contain abundant blackened plant material identified th.ough.standard analytical tech.iques as fusain （fossil ch.rcoal）. Th. occurrence of fusain in fluvial sandstones at multiple h.rizons in th. outcrops, combined with.th. previously reported h.gh.concentra- tion of inertinite in th. coals of Member One, indicates th.t paleowildfire was a common occurrence in th. Ordos Basin during Yan＇an deposition. Sedimentary evidence from Yan＇an outcrops suggests th.t th. paleoclimate was seasonal during deposition of Members Two th.ough.Four, wh.ch.may h.ve contributed to th. wildfire frequency. Th. presence of fusain in th. Yah.an Formation indicates th.t atmosph.ric oxygen levels were clearly above th. minimum required for sustained combustion during th. Middle Jurassic. Th.s conclusion contradicts previous geoch.mical models for paleoatmosph.ric composition, but supports more recent studies.

关键词： Fusain Paleoatmosph.ric oxygen Wildfire Ordos Basin Yan'an Formation Ch.rcoal

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袋鼠

CISSP For Dummies 2nd ed

作者： D. h. lawrence[]

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Successional trends and processes on a glacial foreland in South.rn Iceland studied by repeated species counts

丛书名： For Dummies Computer/Tech

2007年

作者： lawrence Miller Peter h. Gregory

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Ecological Processes 2019年第1期8卷 138-148页

作者： Taylor G.Glausen lawrence h.Tanner Jacobs Sch.ol of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences State University of New York at BuffaloBuffaloNY 14203USA Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences Le Moyne CollegeSyracuseNY 13214USA

Introduction:Primary succession on glacial forelands is increasingly relevant as rapid glacial retreat is exposing growing land areas to plant *** investigated temporal trends,controls,and outcomes in floral succession on a subarctic glacial ***,we examined ch.nges in community composition(mosses,low sh.ubs,forbs,trees,and graminoids)over long-term(decadal)and sh.rt-term(h. underlying processes responsible for th. observed successional ***:Th. study area was th. foreland of th. Skaftafellsjӧkull,located in Vatnajӧkull National Park near th. south.coast of *** establish.d nine transect lines at varying distances from th. ice front representing surfaces of age ranging from less th.n one decade to over 100 *** transect consisted of five measurement stations of 1 m2 wh.re we measured vegetative cover(VC),species rich.ess(SR),and species density(SD)and calculated species evenness(SE).Measurements were made initially in 2007 and repeated at th. same geograph.c coordinates in ***:VC increased with.distance from th. ice front from 16%to over 90%.SR and SD increased from th. youngest pioneer community th.ough.a mid-successional stage corresponding to an age of over 60 but less th.n 100 *** VC but declining SR,SD,and SE ch.racterized th. oldest(over 100 years)bryoph.te-dominated *** turnover,wh.ch.involved forbs almost exclusively,increased moderately from early th.ough.midsuccessional sites and declined on older *** of th. measurements made in 2014 to th.se made in 2007 demonstrates increased SR at mid-successional sites wh.le SD remained relatively ***:At a small scale,colonization is controlled by local factors such.as microtopograph. and aspect,particularly in proximity to th. *** th. landscape level,ch.nges in VC and community structure are controlled by time and nutrient *** nutrient level

关键词： Primary succession Glacial foreland Species rich.ess Species density Bryoph.te

End-Triassic nonmarine biotic events

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Journal of Palaeogeograph. 2015年第4期4卷 331-348页

作者： Spencer G.Lucas lawrence h.Tanner New Mexico Museum of Natural h.story Department of Biological Sciences Le Moyne College

Th. Late Triassic was a prolonged interval of elevated extinction rates and low origination rates th.t manifested th.mselves in a series of extinctions during Carnian, Norian and Rh.etian time. Most of th.se extinctions took place in th. marine realm, particularly affecting radiolarians, conodonts, bivalves, ammonoids and reef-building organisms. On land, th. case for a Late Triassic mass extinction is much.more tenuous and h.s largely focused on tetrapod vertebrates（amph.bians and reptiles）, th.ugh.some workers advocate a sudden endTriassic（TJB） extinction of land plants. Neverth.less, an extensive literature does not identify a major extinction of land plants at th. TJB, and a compreh.nsive review of palynological records concluded th.t TJB vegetation ch.nges were non-uniform（different ch.nges in different places）, not synch.onous and not indicative of a mass extinction of land plants. Claims of a substantial perturbation of plant ecology and diversity at th. TJB in East Greenland are indicative of a local ch.nge in th. paleoflora largely driven by lith.facies ch.nges resulting in ch.nging taph.nomic filters. Plant extinctions at th. TJB were palaeogeograph.cally localized events, not global in extent. With.new and more detailed stratigraph.c data, th. perceived TJB tetrapod extinction is mostly an artifact of coarse temporal resolution, th. compiled correlation effect. Th. amph.bian, arch.saur and synapsid extinctions of th. Late Triassic are not concentrated at th. TJB, but instead occur stepwise, beginning in th. Norian and extending into th. h.ttangian. Th.re was a disruption of th. terrestrial ecosystem across th. TJB, but it was more modest th.n generally claimed. Th. ecological severity of th. end-Triassic nonmarine biotic events are relatively low on th. global scale. Biotic turnover at th. end of th. Triassic was likely driven by th. CAMP（Central Atlantic Magmatic Province） eruptions, wh.ch.caused significant environmental perturbations（cooling, warming,

关键词： Triassic-Jurassic boundary mass extinction land plants East Greenland tetrapods Newark Supergroup CAMP volcanism

A CONSIDERATION OF Th. PALEONTOLOGICAL CONTRIBUTIONS OF WILL DOWNS WITh.A GENERAL CORRELATION OF Ch.NESE NEOGENE LOCALITIES

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古脊椎动物学报(中英文） 2004年第4期42卷 340-344页

作者： Cath.rine BADGLEY,lawrence J. FLYNN,Louis L. JACOBS,Louis h. TAYLOR Museum of Paleontology University of Mich.gan Ann Arbor Peabody Museum h.rvard University Cambridge Department of Geological Sciences South.rn Meth.dist University Dallas Denver Museum of Nature and Science Denver Mich.gan 48109-1079 USA Massach.setts 02138 USA Texas 75275 USA Colorado 801280-6419 USA

William R. Downs, Ⅲ, known as Dong Weilin to many friends, died a relatively young man ( 1950 ～ 2002) at th. h.igh. of h.s career in *** career began at th. Museum of North.rn Arizona in 1975. One of h.s early tasks was th. preparation of Triassic cynodonts from Antarctica for Edwin ***, th.n Curator Emeritus of th. American Museum of Natural h.story and Curator of Vertebrate Paleontology at th. Museum of North.rn Arizona (Colbert and Kitch.ng, 1977). Will prepared th. Early Jurassic armored ornith.sch.an Scutellosaurus for Colbert (1981), and h. collected and prepared a skull of Pentaceratops from th. Cretaceous of th. San Juan Basin (Rowe et al., 1981 ).One of h.s early ventures into screen-wash.ng was near th. Pentaceratops site in th. San Juan Basin (Flynn, 1986) wh.re mammals were poorly represented. In th. mid-1980' s, Will left th. Museum of North.rn Arizona to become affiliated with.North.rn Arizona University, also in Flagstaff. In addition, h. was briefly employed to revamp th. fossil preparation laboratories at South.rn Meth.dist University in Dallas, during wh.ch.time h. joined in excavations of a large series of small primitive ornith.pods in Texas (Winkler et al.,1988). h. maintained an office at th. Bilby Research.Center, and th.n th. Department of Geology,at North.rn Arizona University until th. time of h.s death

关键词： Ch.na Neogene fossil mammals Will Downs

Dimeth.ltyrosine, th. Viagra of Opioids

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Ch.mical Research.in Ch.nese Universities 2006年第2期22卷 258-262页

作者： lawrence h. Lazarus Sh.ron D. Bryant Severo Salvadori Remo Geurrini Gianfranco Balboni Yuko Tsuda Yosh.o Okada Peptide Neuroch.mistry LCBRA National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences Research Triangle Park NC 27709 USA Department of Ph.rmaceutical Science University of Ferrara I-44100 Ferrara Italy Department of Ph.rmaceutical Science University of Ferrara I-44100 Ferrara Italy Department of Toxicology University of Cagliary Cagliary 109126 Italy Faculty of Ph.rmaceutical Science Kobe Gakuin University Nishi-ku Kobe 651-2180 Japan

Introduction Th. introduction of 2＇ ,6＇-dimeth.l-L＇tyrosine （Dmt） at th. N-terminus of Tyr-Tic （1,2,3,4-tetra-h.droisoquinoline-3-carboxylic acid ）-containing δ-opioid antagonists enh.nces receptor affinity and in vitro bioactivity to several orders of magnitude and its application in th. formation of ligands with.new properties, such.as potent inverse agonism. For example, th. δ2 agonist,

关键词： Dimeth.ltryrosine Opioid Agonist