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Integrative genomics reveals paths to sex dimorphism in Salix purpurea L

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Horticulture Research 2021年第1期8卷 2305-2318页

作者： brennan Hyden Craig H.Carlson Fred E.Gouker Jeremy Schmutz Kerrie barry Anna Lipzen Aditi Sharma Laura Sandor Gerald A.Tuskan Guanqiao Feng Matthew S.Olson Stephen P.DiFazio lawrence b.smart Horticulture Section School of Integrative Plant ScienceCornell UniversityCornell AgriTechGenevaNYUSA Floral and Nursery Plants Research Unit US National ArboretumUnited States Department of AgricultureAgricultural Research ServiceBeltsvilleMDUSA United States Department of Energy Joint Genome InstituteBerkeleyCAUSA HudsonAlpha Institute for biotechnology HuntsvilleALUSA The Center for bioenergy Innovation Oak Ridge National LaboratoryOak RidgeTNUSA Department of biology Texas Tech UniversityLubbockTXUSA Department of biology West Virginia UniversityMorgantownWVUSA

Sex dimorphism and gene expression were studied in developing catkins in 159 F 2 individuals from the bioenergy crop Salix purpurea,and potential mechanisms and pathways for regulating sex development were *** expression,eQTL,bisulfite sequencing,and network analysis were used to characterize sex dimorphism,detect candidate master regulator genes,and identify pathways through which the sex determination region(SDR)may mediate sex *** genes are presented as candidates for master regulators of sex,supported by gene expression and network *** include genes putatively involved in hormone signaling,epigenetic modification,and regulation of *** analysis revealed a suite of transcription factors and genes involved in secondary metabolism and floral development that were predicted to be under direct control of the sex determination ***,data from bisulfite sequencing and small RNA sequencing revealed strong differences in expression between males and females that would implicate both of these processes in sex dimorphism *** data indicate that the mechanism of sex determination in Salix purpurea is likely different from that observed in the related genus *** further demonstrates the dynamic nature of SDRs in plants,which involves a multitude of mechanisms of sex determination and a high rate of turnover.

关键词： purpurea metabolism likely

Cannabinoids function in defense against chewing herbivores in Cannabis sativa L.

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Horticulture Research 2023年第11期10卷 131-140页

作者： George M.Stack Stephen I.Snyder Jacob A.Toth Michael A.Quade Jamie L.Crawford John K.McKay John Nicholas Jackowetz Ping Wang Glenn Philippe Julie L.Hansen Virginia M.Moore Jocelyn K.C.Rose lawrence b.smart Horticulture Section School of Integrative Plant ScienceCornell UniversityCornell AgriTechGenevaNY 14456United States Plant biology Section School of Integrative Plant ScienceCornell UniversityIthacaNY 14853United States Plant breeding Section School of Integrative Plant ScienceCornell UniversityIthacaNY 14853United States Department of Agricultural biology Colorado State UniversityFort CollinsCO 80523United States Cirona Labs GenevaNY 14456United States Department of Entomology Cornell UniversityCornell AgriTechGenevaNY 14456United States

In the decades since the first cannabinoids were identified by scientists,research has focused almost exclusively on the function and capacity of cannabinoids asmedicines and intoxicants for humans and other *** little is knownabout the adaptive value of cannabinoid production,though several hypotheses have been proposed including protection from ultraviolet radiation,pathogens,and *** test the prediction that genotypeswith greater concentrations of cannabinoidswill have reduced herbivory,a segregating F2 population of Cannabis sativa was leveraged to conduct lab-and field-based bioassays investigating the function of cannabinoids in mediating interactions with chewing *** the field,foliar cannabinoid concentration was inversely correlated with chewing herbivore *** detached leaves,Trichoplusia ni larvae consumed less leaf area and grew less when feeding on leaves with greater concentrations of *** electron and light microscopy were used to characterize variation in glandular trichome ***-free genotypes had trichomes that appeared *** isolate cannabinoids from confounding factors,artificial insect diet was amended with cannabinoids in a range of physiologically relevant *** grew less and had lower rates of survival as cannabinoid concentration *** results support the hypothesis that cannabinoids function in defense against chewing herbivores.

关键词： function founding ultraviolet

Mercury deposition in central China from the Last Glacial Maximum to the early Holocene recorded in an accurately-dated stalagmite

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Science bulletin 2025年第1期70卷 90-95页

作者： Yanzhen Li Liangcheng Tan Simin Jin Hai Xu Lüfan Chen David b.Kemp Ashish Sinha Le Ma Chunju Huang lawrence R.Edwards Hai Cheng State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology Institute of Earth EnvironmentChinese Academy of SciencesXi’an 710061China Xi’an Institute for Innovative Earth Environment Research Xi’an 710061China State Key Laboratory of biogeology and Environmental Geology and Hubei Key Laboratory of Critical Zone Evolution School of Earth SciencesChina University of GeosciencesWuhan 430074China Institute of Surface-Earth System Science Tianjin UniversityTianjin 300072China Department of Earth Science California State University Dominguez HillsCarson CA 90747USA Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences University of MinnesotaMinneapolis MN 55455USA Institute of Global Environmental Change Xi’an Jiaotong UniversityXi’an 710049China

Characterization of transport pathways and depositional changes in Mercury(Hg)and their connection to climatic and environmental changes on various time scales are crucial for better understanding the anthropogenic impacts on the global Hg cycle in the Anthropocene *** this study,we examined Hg variations recorded in a stalagmite from central China,covering the period from 25.5 to 10.9 thousand years *** data show a marked increase in Hg concentrations during the late Last Glacial Maximum,which coincided with the period of highest dust deposition on the Chinese Loess *** concentrations were lower during Heinrich events 1 and 2 and the Younger Dryas but higher during the bùllingAllerùd and the early *** suggest that regional dust load,which enhances atmospheric dry deposition of Hg,is the primary factor influencing Hg deposition in central China on glacialinterglacial *** millennial-to-centennial timescales,climate also plays a significant *** and wetter conditions increase vegetation,litterfall,and soil/rock weathering,which in turn boost mineral dissolution and soil erosion in the vadose *** processes collectively result in higher Hg concentrations in the stalagmite.

关键词： Speleothem Hg Glacial-interglacial cycle Millennial-to centennial-scale

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任务复杂度对二语写作产出影响的元分析

现代外语 2025年第1期 77-89页

作者：申云化 ZHANG Jun lawrence 孙琦玉吉林大学奥克兰大学

任务复杂度对二语写作产出的影响一直是二语习得研究的热点议题。过去十年间，国内外学者已就相关实证研究开展过一系列元分析，但研究样本多集中在特定语境，且未纳入近年新增文献，无法概括任务复杂度对二语写作产出效应的全貌。本文... 详细信息

任务复杂度对二语写作产出的影响一直是二语习得研究的热点议题。过去十年间，国内外学者已就相关实证研究开展过一系列元分析，但研究样本多集中在特定语境，且未纳入近年新增文献，无法概括任务复杂度对二语写作产出效应的全貌。本文采用元分析方法，从国内外51篇文献的88个独立样本中提取269个效应量，涉及被试总人数4632人，整合分析任务复杂度对二语写作产出的总体效应，并考察调节变量对总效应的影响。结果显示：1）任务复杂度对句法复杂度和词汇复杂度有积极影响，对准确度和流利度有消极影响,但均属于小效应；2）沿资源指引维度增加任务复杂度对二语写作复杂度和流利度有积极影响，但对准确度有消极影响，而沿资源消耗维度降低任务复杂度能够提升语言产出的复杂度、准确度和流利度,部分支持“竞争假说”和“认知假说”的观点；3)学习者的二语语种及其水平是影响任务复杂度对二语写作产出效应的显著调节变量。

关键词：任务复杂度二语写作产出效应量元分析

A Neuro-Muscular Elasto-Dynamic Model of the Human Arm Part 2:Musculotendon Dynamics and Related Stress Effects

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Journal of bionic Engineering 2009年第2期6卷 108-119页

作者： Cody b.Moody Alan A.barhorst lawrence Schovanec Texas Tech University Department of Mechanical Engineering Texas Tech University Department of Mathematics and Statistics

In this paper we develop an elasto-dynamic model of the human arm that includes effects of neuro-muscular control upon elastic deformation in the *** elasto-dynamic model of the arm is based on hybrid parameter multiple body system variational projection principles presented in the companion *** the technique is suitable for detailed bone and joint modeling,we present simulations for simplified geometry of the bones,discretized as Rayleigh beams with elongation,while allowing for large *** of the upper extremity is simulated by incorporating muscle forces derived from a Hill-type model of musculotendon *** effects of muscle force are modeled in two *** one approach,an effective joint torque is calculated by multiplying the muscle force by a joint moment ann.A second approach models the muscle as acting along a straight line between the origin and insertion sites of the *** arm motion is simulated by utilizing neural feedback and feedforward *** illustrate the combined effects of neural control strategies, models of muscle force inclusion,and elastic assumptions on joint trajectories and stress and strain development in the bone and tendon.

关键词： elasto-dynamics hybrid parameter system musculo skeletal model neuro-muscular model

Integrating the Climate Science Modelling Language with geospatial software and services

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International Journal of Digital Earth 2009年第S1期2卷 29-39页

作者： D.Lowe A.Woolf b.lawrence S.Pascoe Rutherford Appleton Laboratory British Atmospheric Data CentreDidcotUK Rutherford Appleton Laboratory STFC e-Science CentreDidcotUK

Much consideration is rightly given to the design of metadata models to describe *** the other end of the data-delivery spectrum much thought has also been given to the design of geospatial delivery interfaces such as the Open Geospatial Consortium standards,Web Coverage Service(WCS),Web Map Server and Web Feature Service(WFS).Our recent experience with the Climate Science Modelling Language shows that an implementation gap exists where many challenges remain *** bridge this gap requires transposing information and data from one world view of geospatial climate data to *** of the issues include:the loss of information in mapping to a common information model,the need to create‘views’onto file-based storage,and the need to map onto an appropriate delivery interface(as with the choice between WFS and WCS for feature types with coverage-valued properties).Here we summarise the approaches we have taken in facing up to these problems.

关键词： climate modelling schema standards data interoperability

New Identities for Weak KAM Theory(For Haim brezis,in continuing admiration)

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Chinese Annals of Mathematics,Series b 2017年第2期38卷 379-392页

作者： lawrence Craig EVANS Department of Mathematics University of CaliforniaBerkeleyUSA.

This paper records for the Hamiltonian H =1/2|p|~2+ W(x) some old and new identities relevant for the PDE/variational approach to weak KAM theory.

关键词： Weak KAM theory, Effective Hamiltonian, Hamiltonian dynamics

Stress and immunological response of heifers divergently ranked for residual feed intake following an adrenocorticotropic hormone challenge

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Journal of Animal Science and biotechnology 2018年第1期9卷 111-118页

作者： A.K.Kelly P.lawrence b.Earley D.A.Kenny M.McGee School of Agriculture and Food Science College of Health and Agricultural SciencesUniversity College Dublin Livestock Systems Research Department Teagasc Animal&Grassland Research and Innovation CentreGrangeDunsanyCo. Animal and bioscience Research Department Animal&Grassland Research and Innovation CentreTeagascDunsanyCo.

background： When an animal is exposed to a stressor, metabolic rate, energy consumption and utilisation increase primarily through activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal（HPA） axis. Changes to partitioning of energy by an animal are likely to influence the efficiency with which it is utilised. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the physiological stress response to an exogenous adrenocorticotropic hormone（ACTH） challenge in beef heifers divergently ranked on phenotypic residual feed intake（RFI）.Results： Data were collected on 34 Simmental weaning beef heifers the progeny of a well characterized and divergently bred RFI suckler beef herd. Residual feed intake was determined on each animal during the postweaning stage over a 91-day feed intake measurement period during which they were individually offered adlibitum grass silage and 2 kg of concentrate per head once daily. The 12 highest [0.34 kg DM/d] and 12 lowest[-0.48 kg DM/d] ranking animals on RFI were selected for use in this study. For the physiological stress challenge heifers（mean age 605 ± 13 d; mean bW 518 ± 31.4 kg） were fitted aseptically with indwelling jugular catheters to facilitate intensive blood collection. The response of the adrenal cortex to a standardised dose of ACTH（1.98 IU/kg metabolic bW^（0.75）） was examined. Serial blood samples were analysed for plasma cortisol, ACTH and haematology variables. Heifers differing in RFI did not differ（P = 0.59） in ACTH concentrations. Concentration of ACTH peaked（P 〈 0.001） in both RFI groups at 20 min post-ACTH administration, following which concentration declined to baseline levels by 150 min. Similarly, cortisol systemic profile peaked at 60 min and concentrations remained continuously elevated for 150 min. A RFI × time interaction was detected for cortisol concentrations（P = 0.06） with high RFI heifers had a greater cortisol response than Low RFI from 40 min to 150 min relative to ACTH administration. Cortisol response was positively assoc

关键词： beef cattle Cortisol Feed efficiency Residual feed intake Stress response

Precise dating of abrupt shifts in the Asian Monsoon during the last deglaciation based on stalagmite data from Yamen Cave, Guizhou Province, China

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Science China Earth Sciences 2010年第5期53卷 633-641页

作者： EDWARDS R. lawrence Department of Geology and Geophysics University of Minnesota

based on 33 U/Th dates and 1020 oxygen isotopic data from stalagmite Y1 from Yamen Cave, Guizhou Province, China, a record of the Asian Summer Monsoon (ASM) was established. The record covers the last deglaciation and the early Holocene (from 16.2 to 7.3 ka bP) with an average oxygen isotope resolution of 9 years. The main millennial-scale deglacial events first identified in Greenland (Greenland Interstadial Events: GIS 1e through GIS 1a) and later in China are clearly present in the Y1 record. by analogy to earlier work, we refer to these as Chinese Interstadials (CIS): CIS A.1e to CIS A.1a. The onset of these events in Y1 δ18O records are nominally dated at: 14750±50, 14100±60, 13870±80, 13370±80, and 12990±80 a bP. The end of CIS A.1a or the beginning of the Younger Dryas (YD) event is nominally at 12850±50 a bP and the end of the YD dates to 11500±40 a bP. The δ18O values shift by close to 3‰ during the transition into the bφlling-Allerφd (bA, the onset of CIS A.1e) and at the end of the YD. Comparisons of Y1 to previously published early Holocene records show no significant phase differences. Thus, the East Asia Monsoon and the Indian Monsoon do not appear to have been out of phase during this interval. The Y1 record confirms earlier work that suggested that solar insolation and North Atlantic climate both affect the Asian Monsoon.

关键词： stalagmite Asian Monsoon the last deglaciation Holocene U-series dating Yamen Cave