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Effects of body mass and sex on kinematics and kinetics of the lower extremity during stair ascent and descent in older adults

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Sports Medicine and Health Science 2021年第3期3卷 165-170页

作者： Nok-Hin law Jing Xian Li Nok-Yeung law Daniel Varin Mario Lamontagne School of Human Kinetics University of OttawaOttawaOntarioCanada

The effects of body mass and sex on lower limb biomechanics during ascent and descent were examined in participants aged 50 to 75 with normal weight(n=19),overweight(n=18),and obese(n=8).Peak joint angles and joint moment of the lower limb were analyzed with the VICON motion analysis *** from multivariate analysis of variance showed that during descent,the overweight participants had significantly higher knee extensor moment(0.98±0.30 N·m/kg^(-1))than the normal-weight participants(0.70±0.29 N·m/kg^(-1)).The obese group had significantly higher ankle abductor moment(0.21±0.11 N·m/kg^(-1))than the normal weight(0.12±0.08 N·m/kg^(-1))and overweight groups(0.09±0.06 N·m/kg^(-1)).During ascent,the obese participants had significant higher hip flexor moment(0.42±0.20 N·m/kg^(-1))than overweight participants(0.22±0.17 N·m/kg^(-1)).Significant sex differences were found in knee extension angles(4.2±3.4℃vs 7.0±3.3℃)during descent,plantar flexion angles during ascent(23.7±5.3℃vs 15.6±3.7℃)and descent(29.9±5.0℃vs 22.1±7.9℃),and ankle adduction angles(6.8±4.8℃vs 2.5±2.5℃)during *** is concluded that body mass has significant impact on joint loading of lower limbs during stair *** overweight and obese increased hip joint loading during ascent,and knee and ankle joint loading during descent in older *** difference in joint kinematics was presented during stair walking regardless of the body mass.

关键词： Joint moment Range of motion Obesity Overweight Joint angles

A SUMMARY OF THE CIVIL AVIATION law

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China's Foreign Trade 1996年第6期 39-40页

作者： Ma Zheng,law and Ordinance Department of CAAC

Early in 1979,China beganconsidering the drawing up of alaw to govern and standardize theactivities of its civil air operations. At that time,air legislation wassomething nonexistent in *** team assembled forces totranslate the air laws of various foreigncountries,including the United States,Britain,Japan and the former SovietUnion,and the relevant internationalconventions,and conducted a deep-going study of *** also madeinspection tours of the United States,Canada,Britain and *** basis of the study of and withreference to the advanced legislativepractices in foreign countries,thedraft team put forward its first draft ofthe air law in July 1983,in accordancewith the actual conditions of *** was not,however,submitted to an executive meetingof the State Council for examinationand discussion because a series ofmajor problems such as air trafficcontrol and the control over theairworthiness of aircraft,had to befurther investigated and studied.

关键词： A SUMMARY OF THE CIVIL AVIATION law over

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Social Sciences in China 2007年第2期 168-170页

作者： Ying Xing, School of Sociology, China University of Political Science and law Wang Qinghua, School of law, China University of Political Science and law Chen Yongyi Zhang Zhiping

In this "era of advancing toward rights," scholars usually see the decrease in letters and visits by the public and the in-crease in legal cases as an enhanced con

Gastrointestinal and hepatic side effects of potential treatment for COVID-19 and vaccination in patients with chronic liver diseases

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World Journal of Hepatology 2021年第12期13卷 1850-1874页

作者： Man Fai law Rita Ho Kimmy Wan Tung law Carmen Ka Man Cheung Department of Medicine and Therapeutics Prince of Wales HospitalThe Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina Department of Medicine North District HospitalHong KongChina West Island School Hong KongChina

The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)is a global *** clinical trials have been performed to investigate potential treatments or vaccines for this disease to reduce the high morbidity and *** drugs of higher interest include umifenovir,bromhexine,remdesivir,lopinavir/ritonavir,steroid,tocilizumab,interferon alpha or beta,ribavirin,fivapiravir,nitazoxanide,ivermectin,molnupiravir,hydroxychloroquine/chloroquine alone or in combination with azithromycin,and ***(GI)symptoms and liver dysfunction are frequently seen in patients with COVID-19,which can make it difficult to differentiate disease manifestations from treatment adverse *** symptoms of COVID-19 include anorexia,dyspepsia,nausea,vomiting,diarrhea and abdominal *** injury can be a result of systemic inflammation or cytokine storm,or due to the adverse drug effects in patients who have been receiving different *** monitoring of liver function should be ***-19 vaccines have been rapidly developed with different technologies including mRNA,viral vectors,inactivated viruses,recombinant DNA,protein subunits and live attenuated *** with chronic liver disease or inflammatory bowel disease and liver transplant recipients are encouraged to receive vaccination as the benefits outweigh the *** against COVID-19 is also recommended to family members and healthcare professionals caring for these patients to reduce exposure to the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 virus.

关键词： COVID-19 treatment Gastrointestinal side effects Hepatic side effects COVID-19 vaccine Chronic liver disease Liver transplantation

Soft law and Human Rights and Social Construction

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The Journal of Human Rights 2012年第3期11卷 10-14页

作者： LIU HUAWEN Institute of International law,CASS Institute of International law CASS

On October 15, 2011, the Soft law and Human Rights Research Center under the law Schoolof the llO-year-old Shandong University was inaugurated. Luo Haocai, professor of Peking University and chairman of the China Society for Human Rights Studies, attended the opening ceremony. Luo is the initiator of soft law in China.＇ The founding of the center illustrates that Chinese legal researchers attach importance to soft law studies.

关键词： In

Microwave-Assisted Transition Metal Nanostructure Synthesis: Power-law Signature Verification

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American Journal of Analytical Chemistry 2023年第8期14卷 326-349页

作者： Victor J. law Denis P. Dowling School of Mechanical and Materials Engineering University College Dublin Dublin Ireland

A power-law (y = cxn) signature between process energy budget (kJ) and process energy density (kJ·ml-1) of microwave-assisted synthesis of silver and gold nanostructures has been recently described [law and Denis. AJAC, 14(4), 149-174, (2023)]. This study explores this relation further for palladium, platinum, and zinc oxide nanostructures. Parametric cluster analysis and statistical analysis is used to test the power-law signature of over four orders of magnitude as a function of six microwave applicator-types metal precursor, non-Green Chemistry synthesis and claimed Green Chemistry. It is found that for the claimed Green Chemistry, process energy budget ranges from 0.291 to 900 kJ, with a residual error ranging between −33 to +25.9 kJ·ml-1. The non-Green Chemistry synthesis has a higher process energy budget range from 3.2 kJ to 3.3 MJ, with a residual error of −33.3 to +245.3 kJ·ml-1. It is also found that the energy profile over time produced by software controlled digestion applicators is poorly reported which leads to residual error problematic outliers that produce possible phase-transition in the power-law signature. The original Au and Ag database and new Pd, Pt and ZnO database (with and without problematic outliers) yield a global microwave-assisted synthesis power-law signature constants of c = 0.7172 ± 0.3214 kJ·ml-1 at x-axes = 0.001 kJ, and the exponent, n = 0.791 ± 0.055. The information in this study is aimed to understand variations in historical microwave-assisted synthesis processes, and develop new scale-out synthesis through process intensification.

关键词： Microwave-Assisted Synthesis Pd Ag Pt Au ZnO Power-law Residual Error Statistical Analysis Parametric Cluster Analysis

Biomechanics analysis of seven Tai Chi movements

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Sports Medicine and Health Science 2022年第4期4卷 245-252页

作者： Nok-Yeung law Jing Xian Li School of Human Kinetics University of OttawaOttawaOntarioCanada

This study examined the maximum joint angles and moments,and electromyography(EMG)activity of the lower limbs in an experienced Tai Chi(TC)practitioner in performing four dynamic(Repulse Monkey,Wave-hand in Clouds,Brush Knee Twist Step,and Lateral Forward Step)and three static TC movements(Starting Form,Hero Touch Sky,and Push Hand Back)and compared them with the measures from *** EMG(iEMG)and peak EMG of the rectus femoris,adductor longus,tibialis anterior,semitendinosus,erector spinae,gluteus medius,tensor fasciae latae,medial and lateral gastrocnemius muscles were ***-way analysis of variance showed that compared with walking,TC presented 1)significantly larger hip flexion(71.4°vs.42.2°)and abduction angles(11.9°vs.5.3°),smaller knee flexion(45.2°vs.71.1°)and abduction angles(13.0°vs.27.7°),larger ankle dorsiflexion(41.4°vs.11.3°)and abduction angles(8.8°vs.7.2°);2)hip flexion moment and knee flexion and abduction moment were significantly *** dorsiflexion moment were significantly smaller,whereas ankle abduction moment was significantly larger in two TC movements;and 3)the EMG activity of the muscles in TC varied from 10%to 610%of *** knee extensors,hip adductors and abductors had significantly higher peak EMG(430%±40%,240%±30%,and 320%±90%)and iEMG values(610%±30%,311%±30%,and 1.4%±20%),*** findings suggested that these TC movements could be a good option for the improvement of muscle strength and range of motion of the lower limbs.

关键词： Joint angles Joint moments EMG Tai Chi Walking

On the Application of the Liability of Punitive Damages in China

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学术界 2010年第9期 268-271页

作者： Li Mingfa law School of Anhui University

The civil liability of punitive damages first emerged in the law of Consumer ***,that system was established in Contract law,Food Safety law,Tort Liability ***,in the interpretations issued by the Supreme Court,there are also regulations concerning the liability of punitive ***,there are some difference between the statutory rules and the interpretations the subjective elements and compensatory limits; thus,disputes still exist in the academic circle.Ⅰ.The legislation mode of liability of punitive damages The punitive damages first emerged from the case law in Anglo-American ***,punitive damages were confirmed by legislation of states in *** the continental law countries,there are no punitive damages in the civil codes,which is closely related to the distinction between private law and public law and the functional orientation of liabilities of private law. The Consumer Protection law,as a special civil law,first establishes the liability of punitive damages in *** Contract law also contains the liability of punitive damages in the domain of *** Tort Liability law also establishes the liability of punitive damages in the product liability (tort liability).So,as for the reasons from which the civil liability may incur,we can see that in both tort law and contract law,the liability of punitive damages may be ***,it is well-reasoned that liability of punitive damages should be included in the civil code of ***,that does not exclude that liability of punitive damages is included in the special regulations of civil law,the reasons for which are that:first,the parallel legislations of civil code and special civil laws are the basic structure in civil law countries;second,after the legislation of civil codes,in case of necessity,separate regulations can be established and the punitive damages can be applied in certain civil areas.

关键词： In On the Application of the Liability of Punitive Damages in China

The roles of multimodality treatment and lymphadenectomy in the management of esophageal cancer

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Chinese Medical Journal 1997年第11期 3-9页

作者： Simon law and John Wong

Purpose To review the current status of multimodality treatment and lymphadenectomy in the management of esophageal cancer. Data sources Literature review. Study selection Multimodality treatment and lymphadenectomy in esophageal cancer. Data extraction Results in research papers published selected by literature search. Results Numerous studies have been carried out attempting to define the roles of various neoadjuvant or adjuvant regimens in the treatment of esophageal cancer. These included the use of radiotherapy or chemotherapy alone or in different combinations, with or without surgical resection. Randomized trials have failed to show significant improvement compared with surgical resection alone, although downstaging of disease and benefits on subgroups of patients could be demonstrated. Whether the extent of resection can influence outcome was tested by varying the surgical approach, and by increasing the extent of lymphadenectomy. Although indirect evidence exists suggesting more extensive resection may improve long term prognosis, definitive proof is lacking. Conclusions More well organized randomized controlled trials are needed to further elucidate the roles of these approaches in the treatment of esophageal cancer.

关键词： lymphadenectomy The