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Multi-Model Ensemble Projection of Precipitation Changes over China under Global Warming of 1.5 and 2℃ with Consideration of Model Performance and Independence

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Journal of Meteorological Research 2021年第1期35卷 184-197页

作者： Tong LI Zhihong JIANG Lilong ZHAO laurent LI Joint International Research Laboratory of Climate and Environmental Change(ILCEC)/Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters(CIC-FEMD) Nanjing University of Information Science&TechnologyNanjing 210044China Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster Ministry of Education(KLME)/CIC-FEMDNanjing University of Information Science&TechnologyNanjing 210044China Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique L’Institut Pierre-Simon Laplace(IPSL)Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique(CNRS)Sorbonne UniversitéEcole Normale SupérieureEcole PolytechniqueParis 75005France

A weighting scheme jointly considering model performance and independence(PI-based weighting scheme) is employed to deal with multi-model ensemble prediction of precipitation over China from 17 global climate models. Four precipitation metrics on mean and extremes are used to evaluate the model performance and independence. The PIbased scheme is also compared with a rank-based weighting scheme and the simple arithmetic mean(AM) scheme. It is shown that the PI-based scheme achieves notable improvements in western China, with biases decreasing for all parameters. However, improvements are small and almost insignificant in eastern China. After calibration and validation, the scheme is used for future precipitation projection under the 1.5 and 2℃ global warming targets(above preindustrial level). There is a general tendency to wetness for most regions in China, especially in terms of extreme precipitation. The PI scheme shows larger inhomogeneity in spatial distribution. For the total precipitation PRCPTOT(95 th percentile extreme precipitation R95 P), the land fraction for a change larger than 10%(20%) is 22.8%(53.4%)in PI, while 13.3%(36.8%) in AM, under 2℃ global warming. Most noticeable increase exists in central and east parts of western China.

关键词： model performance and independence multi-model ensemble mean and extreme precipitation future projection 1.5 and 2℃global warming

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Immune therapies in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma: Where are we now?

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2018年第20期24卷 2137-2151页

作者： Marc Hilmi laurent Bartholin Cindy Neuzillet Service d'Oncologie Médicale H?pital Henri Mondor Assistance Publique-H?pitaux de Paris Université Paris Est Créteil Université de Lyon Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 Inserm U1052 CNRS 5286Centre Léon Bérard Centre de Recherche en Cancérologie de Lyon

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma(PDAC)is one of the deadliest cancers,mostly due to its resistance to *** these,checkpoint inhibitors(CPI)are inefficient when used as monotherapy,except in the case of a rare subset of tumors harboring microsatellite instability(<2%).This inefficacy mainly resides in the low immunogenicity and non-inflamed phenotype of *** abundant stroma generates a hypoxic microenvironment and drives the recruitment of immunosuppressive cells through cancerassociated-fibroblast activation and transforming growth factorβ*** strategies have recently been developed to overcome this immunosuppressive *** therapies involving CPI aim at increasing tumor immunogenicity and promoting the recruitment and activation of effector T *** studies are therefore exploring the association of CPI with vaccines,oncolytic viruses,MEK inhibitors,cytokine inhibitors,and hypoxia-and stroma-targeting *** T-cell transfer is also under ***,translational studies on tumor tissue and blood,prior to and during treatment may lead to the identification of biomarkers with predictive value for both clinical outcome and response to immunotherapy.

关键词： Drug therapy combination Immunology Hypoxia Checkpoint inhibitor Inflammation Pancreatic cancer Tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte Transforming growth factorβ Tumor microenvironment

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Sound scattering in dense granular media

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2009年第23期54卷 4327-4336页

作者： laurent J KHIDAS Y LANGLOIS V Laboratoire de Physique des Matériaux Divisés et des Interfaces Université Paris-Est

The sound propagation in a dense granular medium is basically characterized by the ratio of wavelength to the grain size. Two types of wave transport are distinguished: one corresponds to coherent waves in the long wavelength limit, the other to short-wavelength scattered waves by the inhomogeneous contact force networks. These multiply scattered elastic waves are shown to exhibit a diffusive characteristics of transport over long distances of propagation. Determination of the transport mean free path l * and the inelastic absorption (Q-1) allows the inference of the structural properties of the material such as the heterogeneity and internal dissipation. The relevance of our experiments for seismological applications is discussed. Moreover, we apply the correlation technique of the configuration-specific sound scattering to monitoring the dynamic behaviour of the granular medium (irreversible rearrangements) under strong vibration, shearing and thermal cycling, respectively.

关键词：颗粒介质人口密集声散射扩散特征平均自由程晶粒尺寸交通工具结构特性

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On nodal prime Fano threefolds of degree 10

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Science China Mathematics 2011年第8期54卷 1591-1609页

作者： DEBARRE Olivier ILIEV Atanas MANIVEL laurent Dpartement de Mathmatiques et Applications UMR CNRS 8553cole Normale Suprieure45 rue d'Ulm75230 Paris cedex 05France Department of Mathmetics Seoul National UniversityGwanak CompusBldg.27Seoul 151-747Korea Institut Fourier Universitè de Grenoble I et CNRSBP 7438402 Saint-Martin d'HèresFrance

We study the geometry and the period map of nodal complex prime Fano threefolds with index 1 and degree *** show that these threefolds are birationally isomorphic to Verra threefolds,i.e.,hypersurfaces of bidegree (2,2) in P2 × *** Verra's results on the period map for these threefolds and on the Prym map for double tale covers of plane sextic curves,we prove that the fiber of the period map for our nodal threefolds is the union of two disjoint surfaces,for which we give several *** result is the analog in the nodal case of a result of Debarre O,Iliev A,Manivel L (arXiv:0812.3670) in the smooth case.

关键词： Fano threefolds period map Torelli proldem Prym varieties intermediate Jacobian nets of quadrics

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Large scale hybrid Monte Carlo simulations for structure and property prediction

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npj Computational Materials 2018年第1期4卷 1-7页

作者： Sergei Prokhorenko Kruz Kalke Yousra Nahas laurent Bellaiche Physics Department and Institute for Nanoscience and Engineering University of ArkansasFayettevilleAR 72701USA

The Monte Carlo method is one of the first and most widely used algorithms in modern computational *** condensed matter physics,the particularly popular flavor of this technique is the Metropolis Monte Carlo *** being incredibly robust and easy to implement,the Metropolis sampling is not well-suited for situations where energy and force evaluations are computationally *** search for a more efficient technique,we here explore the performance of Hybrid Monte Carlo sampling,an algorithm widely used in quantum electrodynamics,as a structure prediction scheme for systems with long-range *** results show that the Hybrid Monte Carlo algorithm stands out as an excellent computational scheme that can not only significantly outperform the Metropolis sampling but also complement molecular dynamics in materials science applications,while allowing ultra-large-scale simulations of systems containing millions of particles.

关键词： prediction property scheme

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Lifting the veil on the keratinocyte contribution to cutaneous nociception

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Protein & Cell 2020年第4期11卷 239-250页

作者： Matthieu Talagas Nicolas Lebonvallet Francois Berthod laurent Misery Univ Brest LIEN29200 BrestFrance Laboratoire d'Organogenese Experimentale(LOEX) University of LavalQuebecCanada Department of Dermatology Brest University HospitalBrestFrance Univ Brest BSAM(Institut Brestois de Sante Agro matiere)29200 BrestFrance

Cutaneous nociception is essential to prevent individuals from sustaining *** to the conventional point of view,the responses to noxious stimuli are thought to be exclusively initiated by sensory neurons,whose activity would be at most modulated by *** recent studies have demonstrated that epidermal keratinocytes can also act as primary nociceptive transducers as a supplement to sensory *** enlighten our understanding of cutaneous nociception,this review highlights recent and relevant findings on the cellular and molecular elements that underlie the contribution of epidermal keratinocytes as nociceptive modulators and noxious sensors,both under healthy and pathological conditions.

关键词： keratinocyte nociception skin TRP pain inflammation

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Interplay between Kitaev interaction and single ion anisotropy in ferromagnetic CrI_(3) and CrGeTe_(3) monolayers

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npj Computational Materials 2018年第1期4卷 185-190页

作者： Changsong Xu Junsheng Feng Hongjun Xiang laurent Bellaiche Physics Department and Institute for Nanoscience and Engineering University of ArkansasFayettevilleAR 72701USA Key Laboratory of Computational Physical Sciences(Ministry of Education) State Key Laboratory of Surface Physicsand Department of PhysicsFudan University200433 ShanghaiChina School of Physics and Materials Engineering Hefei Normal University230601 HefeiChina Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures 210093 NanjingChina

Magnetic anisotropy is crucially important for the stabilization of two-dimensional(2D)magnetism,which is rare in nature but highly desirable in spintronics and for advancing fundamental *** works on CrI3 and CrGeTe_(3) monolayers not only led to observations of the long-time-sought 2D ferromagnetism,but also revealed distinct magnetic anisotropy in the two systems,namely Ising behavior for CrI3 versus Heisenberg behavior for CrGeTe_(3).Such magnetic difference strongly contrasts with structural and electronic similarities of these two materials,and understanding it at a microscopic scale should be of large ***,firstprinciples calculations are performed and analyzed to develop a simple Hamiltonian,to investigate magnetic anisotropy of CrI3 and CrGeTe_(3) *** anisotropic exchange coupling in both systems is surprisingly determined to be of ***,the interplay between this Kitaev interaction and single ion anisotropy(SIA)is found to naturally explain the different magnetic behaviors of CrI3 and CrGeTe_(3).Finally,both the Kitaev interaction and SIA are further found to be induced by spin–orbit coupling of the heavy ligands(I of CrI3 or Te of CrGeTe_(3))rather than the commonly believed 3d magnetic Cr ions.

关键词： anisotropy interaction coupling

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WHY PROHIBIT DONATIONS BETWEEN HUSBAND AND WIFE IN MEDIEVAL EUROPE？

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Frontiers of Law in China-Selected Publications from Chinese Universities 2012年第4期7卷 644-655页

作者： Nicolas laurent-Bonne School of Law University Pantheon-Assas Paris II12 place Panth6on 75005 ParisFrance

Between the end of the eleventh century and the beginning of the twelfth century, following the rediscovery of Roman law in the West, the first Bolognese commentators stuck to the Roman principle prohibiting donations between spouses. Authors commented over and over again upon fragments of the writings of Roman jurists Paul and Ulpian that were integrated into the Digest of Emperor Justinian. According to these jurists of the Classical Age, fears of despoliation between spouses, of negligence in the children ＂s education and of marriage becoming venal were the main reasons found. Medieval canon law takes the subject of donations between spouses very seriously. laurent of Spain （＇k 1248）, in the Glossa Palatina, worries about donations of cosmetics, which are seen as luxury enhancing. In Liber Extra （1234）, a decretal signed by Gregory IX took up the subject, confirming the opinions expressed by Paul and Ulpian by expressing hostility to such donations on the basis of public morality. Following the Fourth Lateran Council （1215）, a new literary form appeared.＂ confession ~ or casuistic ~ manuals. In these aspects, the subject of gifts between spouses is closely assimilated to the question of sin, especially of luxury. Continental Europe＇s common law （ius commune） shows similar spirit in that respect. Italian statutory laws, in conformity with the separatist spirit of Roman law, forbade them without distinction. They were outlawed in English law by unitas carnis which presides over conjugal relations. According to Jean Boutiltier （1395）, the author of La Somme rural, a famous French interpreter of law, donations between spouses are generally regarded as a result of fear, complacency or luxury, and so shouM be forbidden. The common theme between Roman or Canon law and different common laws is the upholding of a certain public morality and the control of couples as the mainstay of their respective families.

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Kinematic optimization of 2D plunging airfoil motion using the response surface methodology

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science A(Applied Physics & Engineering) 2012年第2期13卷 105-120页

作者： Mahmoud MEKADEM Taha CHETTIBI Samir HANCHI laurent KEIRSBULCK Larbi LABRAGA Fluids Mechanics Laboratory Polytechnic Military SchoolBordj el BahriAlgiers 16045Algeria TEMPO Laboratory University of Valenciennes and Hainaut-Cambresis59313 Valenciennes Cedex 9France Structural Mechnics Laboratory Polytechnic Military SchoolBordj el BahriAlgiers 16045Algeria TEMPO Laboratory University of Valenciennes and Hainaut-Cambresis59313 Valenciennes Cedex 9France

The propulsive efficiency of a plunging NACA0012 airfoil is maximized by means of a simple numerical optimization method based on the response surface methodology （RSM）. The control parameters are the amplitude and the reduced frequency of the harmonic sinusoidal motion. The 2D unsteady laminar flow around the plunging airfoil is computed by solving the Navier-Stokes equations for three Reynolds number values （Re = 3.3× 10^3, 1.1×10^4, and 2.2 × 10^4）. The Nelder-Mead algorithm is used to find the best control parameters leading to the optimal propulsive efficiency over the constructed response surfaces. It is found that, for a given efficiency level and regardless of the considered Re value, it is possible either to obtain high thrust by selecting a high oscillation frequency or to reduce the input power by adopting a low plunging amplitude. Key words： Plunging airfoil, Propulsive efficiency, Optimization, Response surface methodology （RSM）

关键词： Plunging airfoil Propulsive efficiency Optimization Response surface methodology (RSM)

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Cue hierarchy in the foraging behaviour of the brackish cladoceran Daphniopsis australis

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Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2018年第6期36卷 2050-2060页

作者： MCCLOUD Clayton Leigh ISMAIL Hasnun Nita SEURONT laurent Australian Fisheries Management Authority CanberraAustralia School of Biology Universiti Teknologi MARASelangorMalaysia CNRS Univ.LilleUniv.Littoral Coe d'OpaleUMR 8187LOGLaboratoire d'Océnologie et de GésciencesF 62930 WimereuxFrance

Zooplankton communities are an essential component of marine and freshwater food webs. However, there is still a relative lack of information on how these organisms behaviourally respond to a range of abiotic and biotic stressors. Specifically, the behaviour of the cladoceran D aphniopsis australis, a species endemic to South-eastern Australian saline lakes and ponds, is still unknown despite its potential role in the structure and function of inland water ecosystems. The swimming behaviour of males, parthenogenetic females and epiphial females was investigated under various conditions and combinations of food and conspecific cues. In the absence of cues, males displayed the most extensive swimming behaviour, exploring all areas of the container, and swimming in a series of relatively straight trajectories. In contrast, females typically exhibited a hop-and-sink motion characterised by the alternation between short bursts of swimming and sinking phases. Both females spent long periods near the bottom of the container, but epiphial females appeared to be more active than parthenogenetic ones that rarely made an excursion in the water column. In the presence of cues, males and females showed abilities to detect infochemicals from food and conspecifics, but exhibited specific behavioural strategies. Males essentially increased their swimming speed in the presence of food and/or conspecific infochemicals, and this increase was independent on the source of the cues, i.e. food, conspecific or a mixture of food and conspecifics. In contrast, females exhibited cue hierarchies that were related to their sexual status. Parthenogenetic females swam faster in the presence of food and a mixture of food and conspecific infochemicals than in the presence of cue from the opposite sex, which did not significantly differ from control observations conducted in the absence of cues. Epiphial females decreased their swimming speed in the presence of cues, with the most significant behavi

关键词： zooplankton chemical cues sex-specific behaviour

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