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exploring the effects of anthropogenic disturbance on predator inspection activity in Trinidadian guppies

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Current Zoology 2024年第1期70卷 109-111页

作者： Alix J.P Brusseau laurence e.a.feyten Adam L.Crane Grant e.Brown Department of Biology Concordia UniversityMontrealQCH4B 1R6Canada Department of Biomedical Sciences WCVMUniversity of SaskatchewanSaskatoonSKCanada

Prey animals are often faced with uncertainty due to having imperfect information regarding current local conditions,including predation risks and the availability of reliable foraging opportunities(Dall 2010).As this uncertainty increases,the probability of making costly behavioral errors also increases,leading to more risk averse behavioral tactics(feyten et al.2019).For example,Trinidadian guppies Poecilia reticulata are far more risk averse when faced with multiple unknown sources of risk assessment information than when faced with a mix of known and unknown cues(feyten et al.2019).Prey can reduce uncertainty by gathering and integrating private and social information regarding current risk levels within microhabitats(Dall 2010;Munoz and Blumstein 2012).

关键词： human disturbance information availability information reliability predator-prey interactions risk assessment uncertainty

Disturbance cue communication is shaped by emitter diet and receiver background risk in Trinidadian guppies

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Current Zoology 2022年第4期68卷 433-440页

作者： Jack A Goldman Adam L Crane laurence e.a.feyten emily Collins Grant e Brown Department of Biology Concordia University7141 Sherbrooke Street WestMontrealQCCanada H4B 1R6

In animal communication systems,individuals that detect a cue(i.e.,“receivers”)are often influenced by characteristics of the cue *** instance,in many species,receivers avoid chemical cues that are released by emitters experiencing *** chemical“disturbance cues”appear to benefit receivers by warning them about nearby danger,such as a predator’s *** the active ingredients in disturbance cues have been largely unexplored,by-products of metabolized protein are thought to play a role for some *** so,the content(quality)and volume(quantity)of the emitter’s diet should affect their disturbance cues,thus altering how receivers perceive the cues and *** Poecilia reticulata are a species known to discriminate among disturbance cues from different types of donors,but dietary variation has yet to be *** this study,we found evidence that diet quality and quantity can affect disturbance cues released by guppy emitters(i.e.,experimental“donors”).Receivers discriminated between donor cue treatments,responding more strongly to cues from donors fed a protein-rich bloodworm diet(experiment 1),as well as an overall larger diet(experiment 2).We also found that receivers exposed to higher background risk were more sensitive to disturbance cue variation,with the strongest avoidance responses displayed by high-risk receivers toward disturbance cues from donors fed the high-quality ***,diet,and perhaps protein specifically,affects either the concentration or composition of disturbance cues released by *** variation may be important in information signaling in social species like the guppy.

关键词： alarm cues chemical cues diet quality diet quantity protein

Predation risk assessment based on uncertain information: interacting effects of known and unknown cues

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Current Zoology 2019年第1期65卷 75-76页

作者： laurence e. A. feyten ebony e. M. Demers Indar W. Ramnarine Grant e. Brown Department of Biology Concordia University 7141 Sherbrooke Streeet West Montreal Quebec Canada H4B 1R6 Department of Life Sciences University of the West Indies St. Augustine Trinidad and Tobago

Prey use reliable public information in order to assess local habitat condirions such as predation risks, competitive interactions, and foraging opportunities (Dall et al. 2005), allowing for context appropriate behavioral decisions. However, public information can often differ widely in reliability (feyten and Brown 2018), increasing the potential costs associated with behavioral decision making (Dall et al. 2005). The reliability of public information is expected to decrease with in creased un certainty of environmental conditio ns (Koops 2004;Dall et al. 2005), where ecological uncertainty is the ambiguity about the current state of the environment due to imperfect or incomplete information (Dall et al. 2005;Munoz and Blumstein 2012;feyten and Brown 2018).

关键词： Prey environmental conditio

Policy options for Agriculture Green Development by farmers in China

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Frontiers of Agricultural Science and engineering 2020年第1期7卷 90-97页

作者： laurence e.D.SMITH Centre for Development Environment and PolicySOAS University of LondonLondonWC1H OXGUK

Farmers are the key agents who manage land and *** Green Development(AGD)requires a transformation in farming from high resource consumption and environmental cost to sustainable intensification with high productivity,high resource use efficiency and low environmental *** paper analyzes the public policy challenge of AGD and makes the case for a location-sensitive policy mix made up of regulation,advice provision,voluntarism and targeted *** public agricultural extension service in China is a key resource,but one that requires reorientation and reform with the aim of better balancing high farm productivity with environmental protection.

关键词： agriculture environment development incentives policy regulation

Gastric emptying, postprandial blood pressure, glycaemia and splanchnic flow in Parkinson's disease

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2016年第20期22卷 4860-4867页

作者： laurence G Trahair Thomas e Kimber Katerina Flabouris Michael Horowitz Karen L Jones Discipline of Medicine The University of Adelaide NHMRC Centre of Research excellence in Translating Nutritional Science to Good Health The University of Adelaide Neurology Unit Royal Adelaide Hospital

AIM: To determine gastric emptying, blood pressure, mesenteric artery blood flow, and blood glucose responses to oral glucose in Parkinson’s ***: Twenty-one subjects (13 M, 8 F; age 64.2 ± 1.6 years) with mild to moderate Parkinson’s disease (Hoehn and Yahr score 1.4 ± 0.1, duration of known disease 6.3 ± 0.9 years) consumed a 75 g glucose drink, labelled with 20 MBq 99mTc-calcium phytate. Gastric emptying was quantified with scintigraphy, blood pressure and heart rate with an automated device, superior mesenteric artery blood flow by Doppler ultrasonography and blood glucose by glucometer for 180 min. Autonomic nerve function was evaluated with cardiovascular reflex tests and upper gastrointestinal symptoms by ***: The mean gastric half-emptying time was 106 ± 9.1 min, gastric emptying was abnormally delayed in 3 subjects (14%). Systolic and diastolic blood pressure fell (P esenteric blood flow and blood glucose (P eased, following the drink. Three subjects (14%) had definite autonomic neuropathy and 8 (38%) had postprandial hypotension. There were no significant relationships between changes in blood pressure, heart rate or mesenteric artery blood flow with gastric emptying. Gastric emptying was related to the score for autonomic nerve function (R = 0.55, P ere was an inverse relationship between the blood glucose at t = 30 min (R = -0.52, P e the blood glucose at t = 180 min was related directly (R = 0.49, P erate Parkinson’s disease, gastric emptying is related to autonomic dysfunction and a determinant of the glycaemic response to oral glucose.

关键词： Gastric emptying Hypotension Parkinson’ s disease Blood pressure Glucose

The effect of ozone on pine forests in South-eastern France from 2017 to 2019

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Journal of Forestry Research 2023年第2期34卷 301-315页

作者： Anumol Shashikumar Svetlana Bičárová Dalstein-Richier laurence Groupe International d′etudes Des Forêts Sud-européennes(G.I.e.F.S) 69Avenue des Hespérides06300 NiceFrance Institute of earth Science of the Slovak Academy of Sciences 05960 StaráLesnáTatranskáLomnicaSlovakia

In South-eastern forests of France,risks linked to the effects of tropospheric ozone(O_(3))are real;its annual impact has been observed specifically near the coastline and in high altitude mountains during the period *** this study,the risk assessment of O_(3)pollutant was carried out using two approaches based on forest response indicators such as O_(3)specific foliar visible injury and by stomatal O_(3)*** O_(3)dose values(POD_(0))were obtained by the DO_(3)Se *** model requires hourly O_(3)concentration for POD_(0)calculation.A modified approach that uses measurements from passive samplers(monthly average O_(3)concentration)was tested for the calculation of POD_(0)and test results showed good agreement with the POD_(0)calculated using hourly O_(3)*** the model input file,the average O_(3)concentration is used for POD_(0),and this could be useful for POD_(0)calculation when the active monitor is *** this study,a flux-based assessment provided better correlation with O_(3)specific leaf injury,which is also *** visible injury in response to O_(3)indicates that Pinus cembra and Pinus halepensis are more affected and therefore more sensitive than Pinus *** POD_(0)and stomatal conductance(Gsto)seem to be induced by environmental factors,primarily rainfall and the soil water potential(fSWP).The correlation between the O_(3)flux metric and environmental variables with forest response indicators by Spearman rank test confirms *** as one of the most sensitive species to O_(3).

关键词： Ozone Foliar visible injury Phytotoxic ozone dose Stomatal conductance DO_(3)Se

Miniature gastrointestinal endoscopy: Now and the future

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2019年第30期25卷 4051-4060页

作者： John J McGoran Mark e McAlindon Prasad G Iyer eric J Seibel Rehan Haidry laurence B Lovat Sarmed S Sami Digestive Diseases Centre Leicester Royal InfirmaryLeicester LE1 5WWUnited Kingdom Department of Gastroenterology Royal Hallamshire HospitalSheffield S10 2JFUnited Kingdom Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Mayo Clinic RochesterMN 55905United States Department of Mechanical engineering University of Washington4000 Mason StSeattleWA 98195United States Division of Surgery and Interventional Science University College LondonLondon WC1E 6BTUnited Kingdom

Since its original application,gastrointestinal(GI)endoscopy has undergone many innovative transformations aimed at expanding the scope,safety,accuracy,acceptability and cost-effectiveness of this area of clinical *** method of achieving this has been to reduce the caliber of endoscopic *** propose the collective term“Miniature GI endoscopy”.In this Opinion Review,the innovations in this field are explored and *** progress and clinical use of the three main areas of miniature GI endoscopy(ultrathin endoscopy,wireless endoscopy and scanning fiber endoscopy)are *** opportunities presented by these technologies are set out in a clinical context,as are their current *** of the positive aspects of miniature endoscopy are clear,in that smaller devices provide access to potentially all of the alimentary canal,while conferring high patient *** must be balanced with the costs of new technologies and recognition of device specific *** on future application are also considered and the efforts being made to bring new innovations to a clinical platform are *** devices demonstrate that miniature GI endoscopy has a valuable place in investigation of symptoms,therapeutic intervention and *** technologies give promise that the potential for enhancing the investigation and management of GI complaints is significant.

关键词： Ultrathin endoscopy Capsule endoscopy Single fiber endoscopy

Persistence and growth of faecal culturable bacterial indicators in water column and sediments of Vidy Bay,Lake Geneva,Switzerland

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Journal of environmental Sciences 2009年第1期21卷 62-69页

作者： POTe John HALLeR laurence KOTTeLAT Régis SASTRe Vincent ARPAGAUS Philippe WILDI Walter University of Geneva F.-A. Forel Institute10 route de Suisse1290 VersoixSwitzerland

The aims of this study was to investigate the persistence and the growth of culturable bacterial indicators （CBI） including total coliforms （TC） and faecal coliforms represented by escherichia coli, enterococcus （eNT）, and aerobic mesophilic bacteria （AMB） in the surface sediments and the water column of Vidy Bay fLake Geneva, City of Lausanne, Switzerland）. The study was carded out for 60 d using microcosms containing Sewage Treatment Plant （STP） effluent and nonsterile water without CBI, as well as contaminated and non-contaminated sediments. The effects of water temperature and of organic matter associated with sediments on the survival of CBI in the sediments and the water column were observed. The number of CBI colonies in the contaminated sediments of Vidy Bay and in the STP effluent was almost identical in the order of 10^5-10^7, 10^4-10^6, 10^5-10^5, and 10^4-10^7 CFU/100 g sediment or/100 mL water for TC, e. coli, eNT, and AMB respectively. A degradation of CBI was observed in the sediments where organic mater content was low and in the water column at a temperature of 10℃ after 5 d of experimentation. In addition, a growth of CBI was observed in the sediment which is rich in organic matter at 20℃. The results of this study indicate：（1） the higher concentrations of the CBI observed in different points in the water column of Vidy Bay may not be explained only by the recent contribution of the three potential sources of the Bay contamination including STP and the Chamberonne and Flon Rivers, but also by the persistence, removal from sediment and multiplication of CBI in the sediment and water column; （2） the sediment of Vidy Bay constitute a reservoir of CBI and can even support their growth; and （3） the CBI not only survive in sediments, but also can be remobilized and increased in the water column, therefore, it become a permanent microbiological pollution in Vidy Bay.

关键词： Lake Geneva faecal pollution persistence multiplication human health risk

Role of the floodplain lakes in the methylmercury distribution and exchanges with the Amazon River,Brazil

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Journal of environmental Sciences 2018年第6期30卷 24-40页

作者： Poliana Dutra Maia laurence Maurice emmanuel Tessier David Amouroux Daniel Cossa Patricia Moreira-Turcq Henri etcheber Universidade de Brasilia-Faculdade UnB Planaltina Area Universitaria n. 1-Vila Nossa Senhora de Fatima Planaltina 73300-000 Brasilia DF Brazil Geosciences environnement Toulouse (GeT) Observatoire Midi Pyrenees Universite de Toulouse CNRS IRD14 Avenue Edouard Belin F-32400 Toulouse France CNRS/Univ Pau & Pays Adour Institut des Sciences Analytiques et de Physico-Chimie pour l'Environnement et les Materiaux UMR5254 F-64000 Pau Prance Universite Grenoble Alpes CP 40700 F-38058 Grenoble Cedex 9 France ePOC UMR 5805 Universite de Bordeaux I Av. des Facultes F-33405 Talence France

Seasonal variability of dissolved and particulate methylmercury（F-MeHg, P-MeHg） concentrations was studied in the waters of the Amazon River and its associated Curuai floodplain during hydrological year 2005–2006, to understand the MeHg exchanges between these aquatic systems. In the oxic white water lakes, with neutral pH, high F-MeHg and P-MeHg concentrations were measured during the rising water stage（0.70 ± 0.37 pmol/L, n = 26） and flood peak（14.19 ± 9.32 pmol/g, n = 7） respectively, when the Amazon River water discharge into the lakes was at its maximum. The lowest mean values were reported during the dry season（0.18 ± 0.07 pmol/L F-MeHg, n = 10 and 1.35 ± 1.24 pmol/g P-MeHg, n = 8）, when water and suspended sediments were outflowing from the lakes into the River. In these lakes,the MeHg concentrations were associated to the aluminium and organic carbon/nitrogen changes. In the black water lakes, with acidic pH and reducing conditions, elevated MeHg concentrations were recorded（0.58 ± 0.32 pmol/L F-MeHg, n = 16 and 19.82 ± 15.13 pmol/g PMeHg, n = 6）, and correlated with the organic carbon and manganese concentrations. elevated values of MeHg partition coefficient（4.87 〈 Kd〈 5.08 log（L/kg） indicate that MeHg is mainly transported associated with the particulate phase. The P-MeHg enrichment detected in all lakes suggests autochthonous MeHg inputs from the sediments into the water column. The MeHg mass balance showed that the Curuai floodplain is not the source of P-MeHg for the Amazon River.

关键词： Methylmercury Water Sediment Amazon River Floodplain lakes