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Ouabain-Induced Auditory Nerve Degeneration in Congenic Ly5.1 Mice

journal of Otology 2011年第2期6卷 19-28页

作者： lauren A.Kilpatrick Devadoss j Samuvel ZHU ju-hong Nancy Smythe LANG Hai-nan Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Medical University of South Carolina Charleston SC 29425 United States Department of Otolaryngology - Heary & Neck Surgery Medical University of South Carolina Charleston SC 29425 United States

The Ly5.1 mouse,also termed ***-Ptprca Pepcb/Boyj,is a congenic strain widely used as a recipient in animal studies of bone marrow *** previous study documented that a majority of type I spiral ganglion neurons (SGNs) in the apical turns of Ly5.1 mice are unmyelinated and aggregate into neuronal clusters,similar to the spiral ganglion in the human ***,a well known Na-K ATPase inhibitor,has been shown to induce neuronal degeneration in a variety of neural tissues including the adult gerbil and CBA/Caj mouse spiral ***,functional and pathological changes of the auditory nerves in young-adult Ly5.1 mice were examined at 3,7 and 14 days after ouabain *** to observations in CBA/Caj mice,ouabain application selectively removed type I SGNs,resulting in an immense decline of the auditory nerve *** of glial cells was seen in the injured auditory nerves at 7 days after ouabain *** data indicate that the 'human-like' features of unmyelinated type I SGNs have no protective impact on the fate of SGNs after ouabain *** incorporating bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) and expressing Sox2 were also counted in the auditory nerves of control and ouabain-treated *** number of Sox2+ glial cells significantly increased at 3 and 7 days ***,the highest density of BrdU+ cells appeared in the apical turn of the injured auditory nerve shortly after ouabain exposure,suggesting that the pattern of SGN loss at the apical turn in Ly5.1 mouse may have some impact on the reaction of non-neuronal cells in response to acute ototoxic drug exposure in the auditory nerve.

关键词： primary auditory nerve Ly5.1 mouse ouabain neural degeneration Sox2 BrdU glial cells

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Mechanistic studies of PEG-asparaginase-induced liver injury and hepatic steatosis in mice

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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 2021年第12期11卷 3779-3790页

作者： Gundala Venkata Naveen Kumar Keito Hoshitsuki Sanjay Rathod Manda j.Ramsey lauren Kokai Erin E.Kershaw Wen Xie Christian A.Fernandez Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center for Pharmacogenetics University of Pittsburgh School of PharmacyPittsburghPA 15261USA Division of General Internal Medicine University of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghPA 15261USA Department of Plastic Surgery University of Pittsburgh and the McGowan Institute for Regenerative MedicinePittsburghPA 15261USA University of Pittsburgh Division of EndocrinologyDepartment of MedicinePittsburghPA 15261USA

PEGylated-L-asparaginase(PEG-ASNase)is a chemotherapeutic agent used to treat pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia(ALL).Its use is avoided in adults due to its high risk of liver injury including hepatic steatosis,with obesity and older age considered risk factors of the *** study aims to elucidate the mechanism of PEG-ASNase-induced liver *** received 1500 U/kg of PEG-ASNase and were sacrificed 1,3,5,and 7 days after drug *** triglycerides were quantified,and plasma bilirubin,ALT,AST,and non-esterified fatty acids(NEFA)were *** mRNA and protein levels of genes involved in hepatic fatty acid synthesis,β-oxidation,very low-density lipoprotein(VLDL)secretion,and white adipose tissue(WAT)lipolysis were *** developed hepatic steatosis after PEG-ASNase,which associated with increases in bilirubin,ALT,and *** hepatic genes Ppara,Lcad/Mcad,Hadhb,Apob100,and Mttp were upregulated,and Srebp-1 c and Fas were downregulated after *** plasma NEFA,WAT loss,and adipose tissue lipolysis were also observed after ***,we found that PEG-ASNase-induced liver injury was exacerbated in obese and aged mice,consistent with clinical studies of ASNase-induced liver *** data suggest that PEG-ASNase-induced liver injury is due to drug-induced lipolysis and lipid redistribution to the liver.

关键词： Liver injury Leukemia Asparaginase Lipolysis Adverse drug reaction Adipose tissue Hepatic steatosis Amino acid response

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Multi-scale investigation of short-range order and dislocation glide in MoNbTi and TaNbTi multi-principal element alloys

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npj Computational Materials 2023年第1期9卷 1430-1442页

作者： Hui Zheng lauren T.W.Fey Xiang-Guo Li Yong-jie Hu Liang Qi Chi Chen Shuozhi Xu Irene j.Beyerlein Shyue Ping Ong Department of NanoEngineering University of California San DiegoLa JollaCA 92093-0448USA Materials Department University of CaliforniaSanta BarbaraCA 93106-5050USA Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of MichiganAnn ArborMI 48109USA Department of Materials Science and Engineering Drexel UniversityPhiladelphiaPA 19104USA Department of Mechanical Engineering University of CaliforniaSanta BarbaraCA 93106-5070USA

Refractory multi-principal element alloys(RMPEAs)are promising materials for high-temperature structural ***,we investigate the role of short-range ordering(SRO)on dislocation glide in the MoNbTi and TaNbTi RMPEAs using a multi-scale modeling *** carlo/molecular dynamics simulations with a moment tensor potential show that MoNbTi exhibits a much greater degree of SRO than TaNbTi and the local composition has a direct effect on the unstable stacking fault energies(USFEs).From mesoscale phase-field dislocation dynamics simulations,we find that increasing SRO leads to higher mean USFEs and stress required for dislocation *** gliding dislocations experience significant hardening due to pinning and depinning caused by random compositional fluctuations,with higher SRO decreasing the degree of USFE dispersion and hence,amount of ***,we show how the morphology of an expanding dislocation loop is affected by the applied stress.

关键词： alloys dislocation element

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A 40-year evaluation of drivers of African rainforest change

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Forest Ecosystems 2021年第4期8卷 887-902页

作者： Colin A.chapman Carmen Galan-Acedo jan F.Gogarten Rong Hou Michael j.Lawes Patrick A.Omeja Dipto Sarkar Anna Sugiyama Urs Kalbitzer Department of Anthropology Center for the Advanced Study of Human PaleobiologyThe George Washington University20037 WashingtonDCUSA Wilson Center 1300 Pennsylvania Avenue NW20004 WashingtonDCUSA School of Life Sciences University of KwaZulu-NatalScottsvillePietermaritzburgSouth Africa Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Animal Conservation Northwest UniversityXi’anChina Escuela Nacional de Estudios Superiores Universidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoMoreliaMichoacánMexico Viral Evolution and Epidemiology of Highly Pathogenic Microorganisms Robert Koch InstituteSeestraße 1013353 BerlinGermany Institute of Biodiversity and Environmental Conservation(IBEC) Universiti Malaysia Sarawak94300 Kota SamarahanSarawakMalaysia Makerere University Biological Field Station Fort PortalUganda Department of Geography and Environmental Studies Carleton UniversityOttawaCanada School of Life Sciences Harold L.Lyon ArboretumUniversity of Hawai‘i at Mānoa3190 Maile Way96822 HonoluluHIUSA Department for the Ecology of Animal Societies Max Planck Institute of Animal BehaviorRadolfzellGermany Department of Biology University of KonstanzKonstanzGermany

Background:Tropical forests are repositories of much of the world’s biodiversity and are critical for mitigation of climate ***,the drivers of forest dynamics are poorly *** is in large part due to the lack of long-term data on forest change and changes in ***:We quantify changes in tree abundance,diversity,and stand structure along transects first enumerated in 1978 and resampled 2019 in Kibale National Park,*** tested five ***,based on the purported role of seed dispersal and herbivory and our quantification of changes in the abundance of frugivores and herbivores,we tested two predictions of how faunal change could have influenced forest ***,based on an evaluation of life history strategies,we tested two predictions concerning how the forest could have changed following disturbance that happened prior to written ***,based on a 50-year climate record,we evaluate the possible influence of climate change on forest ***:More trees were present on the assessed transects in 2019(508)than in 1978(436),species richness remained similar,but diversity declined as the number of dominant species *** increased by only 3 mm over the 50 years but this had not significant effect on forest changes measured *** average monthly maximum temperature increased significantly by 1.05℃ over 50 *** abundance of frugivorous and folivorous primates and elephants increased over the 50 years of *** the prediction that an increase in abundance of seed dispersing frugivores increases the abundance of their preferred fruiting tree species,nor that as an increase in folivore abundance causes a decline in their preferred species were *** predicted,light-demanding species decreased in abundance while shade-tolerant species increased as expected from Kibale being disturbed prior to historical ***,while temperature increased over the 50 years,w

关键词： Climate change Elephants Succession Primates Disturbance Forest regeneration

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Regional scientific research benefits threatened-species conservation

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National Science Review 2019年第6期6卷 1076-1079页

作者： Yisi Hu Zhenhua Luo Colin A.chapman Stuart L.Pimm Samuel T.Turvey Michael j.Lawes Carlos A.Peres Tien Ming Lee Pengfei Fan School of Life Sciences Sun Yat-Sen University School of Life Sciences Central China Normal University Department of Anthropology and School of Environment Mc Gill University School of Life Sciences University of Kwa Zulu-Natal The College of Life Sciences Northwest University Nicholas School of the Environment Duke University

Although conventional wisdom considers knowledge of threatened species’ ecology and status essential for conservation, few studies demonstrate this in a quantitative way across many species and within the same political entity. Here,we evaluated the impacts of scientific research against conservation interventions(including funding) and specieslevel correlates, accounting for phylogenetic relatedness, on the conservation

关键词： China Regional scientific research benefits threatened-species conservation

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Nocturnal foragers exploit tree exudates from holes gouged by diurnal common marmoset monkeys(Callithrix jacchus)

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Integrative Zoology 2020年第6期15卷 617-623页

作者： Cynthia L.THOMPSON lauren M.GAPP Leonardo C.O.MELO Christopher j.VINYARD Maria A.B.DE OLIVEIRA Department of Biomedical Sciences Grand Valley State UniversityAllendaleMichiganUSA Departamento de Morfologia e Fisiologia Animal Universidade Federal Rural de PernambucoRecife-PEBrazil Department of Anatomy&Neurobiology Northeast Ohio Medical UniversityRootstownOhioUSA

INTRODUCTION Plant exudates are a common,yet often overlooked food source eaten by 94 mammalian species spread across 6 orders(Nash&Burrows 2010;Cabana et al.2018).However,exudates(including gums,resins,and latex,defined following Cabana et al.2018)contain large amounts of non-digestible carbohydrates and plant secondary metabolites,posing challenges for mammals exploiting this resource(Power 2010).Due to the difficulty of gaining nutrition from exudates,they are not considered a high-quality food source,despite the number of species that consume them(Power 2010;Cabana et al.2018).

关键词： exploit resins latex

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Characterization of gut microbiome and metabolome in Helicobacter pylori patients in an underprivileged community in the United States

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World journal of Gastroenterology 2021年第33期27卷 5575-5594页

作者： Brian White john D Sterrett Zoya Grigoryan lauren Lally jared D Heinze Hyder Alikhan Christopher A Lowry Lark j Perez joshua DeSipio Sangita Phadtare Department of Biomedical Sciences Cooper Medical School of Rowan UniversityCamdenNJ 08103United States Department of Integrative Physiology University of Colorado BoulderBoulderCO 80309United States Department of Internal Medicine Lenox Hill HospitalNYCNY 10075United States Department of Internal Medicine Thomas Jefferson University HospitalPhiladelphiaPA 19107United States Department of Biological Sciences Rowan UniversityGlassboroNJ 08028United States Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Rowan UniversityGlassboroNJ 08028United States Department of Gastroenterology Cooper University HospitalCamdenNJ 08103United States

BACKGROUND Helicobacter pylori(***),a bacterium that infects approximately half of the world’s population,is associated with various gastrointestinal diseases,including peptic ulcers,non-ulcer dyspepsia,gastric adenocarcinoma,and gastric *** the burden of antibiotic resistance increases,the need for new adjunct therapies designed to facilitate *** eradication and reduce negative distal outcomes associated with infection has become more *** of the interactions between ***,the fecal microbiome,and fecal fatty acid metabolism,as well as the mechanisms underlying these interactions,may offer new therapeutic *** To characterize the gut microbiome and metabolome in *** patients in a socioeconomically challenged and underprivileged inner-city *** Stool samples from 19 *** patients and 16 control subjects were analyzed.16S rRNA gene sequencing was performed on normalized pooled amplicons using the Illumina MiSeq System using a MiSeq reagent kit *** and beta diversity analyses were performed in QIIME ***-targeted fatty acid analysis of the samples was carried out using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry,which measures the total content of 30 fatty acids in stool after conversion into their corresponding fatty acid methyl ***-dimensional scaling(MDS)was performed on Bray-Curtis distance matrices created from both the metabolomics and microbiome datasets and a Procrustes test was performed on the metabolomics and microbiome MDS *** Fecal microbiome analysis showed that alpha diversity was lowest in *** patients over 40 years of age compared to control subjects of similar age *** diversity analysis of the samples revealed significant differences in microbial community structure between *** patients and control subjects across all ***-eight and six taxa had lower and higher relative abundance in *** patients,*** that were e

关键词： Gut microbiome Metabolome Helicobacter pylori Antibiotic resistance Dysbiosis Eradication

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Veterans health administration hepatitis B testing and treatment with anti-CD20 antibody administration

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World journal of Gastroenterology 2016年第19期22卷 4732-4740页

作者： Christine M Hunt lauren A Beste Elliott Lowy Ayako Suzuki Cynthia A Moylan Hans L Tillmann George N Ioannou joseph K Lim Michael j Kelley Dawn Provenzale Department of Medicine Duke University School of Medicine Durham NC 27710 United States Department of Medicine Durham VA Medical Center Durham NC 27705 United States Department of Medicine Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System Seattle WA 98108 United States Health Services Research and Development Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System Seattle WA 98108 United States Department of Medicine University of Washington Seattle WA 98195 United States University of Washington School of Public Health Seattle WA 98195 United States Department of Medicine University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Little Rock AR 72205 United States Division of Hepatology Central Arkansas Veterans Heathcare System Little Rock AR 72205 United States Department of Medicine Eastern Carolina University Greenville NC 27858 United States Yale Liver Center Section of Digestive Diseases Yale University School of Medicine New Haven CT 06520 United States Office of Patient Care Services Department of Veterans Affairs Washington DC 20420 United States Hematology-Oncology Service Durham Veterans Affairs Medical Center Durham NC 27705 United States Cooperative Studies Program Epidemiology Center-Durham Durham Veterans Affairs Medical Center Durham NC 27705 United States Center for Health Services Research in Primary Care Durham Veterans Affairs Medical Center Durham NC 27710 United States

AIM: To evaluate pretreatment hepatitis B virus (HBV) testing, vaccination, and antiviral treatment rates in Veterans Affairs patients receiving anti-CD20 Ab for quality ***: We performed a retrospective cohort study using a national repository of Veterans Health Administration (VHA) electronic health record data. We identified all patients receiving anti-CD20 Ab treatment (2002-2014). We ascertained patient demographics, laboratory results, HBV vaccination status (from vaccination records), pharmacy data, and vital status. The high risk period for HBV reactivation is during anti-CD20 Ab treatment and 12 mo follow up. Therefore, we analyzed those who were followed to death or for at least 12 mo after completing anti-CD20 Ab. Pretreatment serologic tests were used to categorize chronic HBV (hepatitis B surface antigen positive or HBsAg+), past HBV (HBsAg-, hepatitis B core antibody positive or HBcAb+), resolved HBV (HBsAg-, HBcAb+, hepatitis B surface antibody positive or HBsAb+), likely prior vaccination (isolated HBsAb+), HBV negative (HBsAg-, HBcAb-), or unknown. Acute hepatitis B was defined by the appearance of HBsAg+ in the high risk period in patients who were pretreatment HBV negative. We assessed HBV antiviral treatment and the incidence of hepatitis, liver failure, and death during the high risk period. Cumulative hepatitis, liver failure, and death after anti-CD20 Ab initiation were compared by HBV disease categories and differences compared using the χ2 test. Mean time to hepatitis peak alanine aminotransferase, liver failure, and death relative to anti-CD20 Ab administration and follow-up were also compared by HBV disease ***: Among 19304 VHA patients who received anti-CD20 Ab, 10224 (53%) had pretreatment HBsAg testing during the study period, with 49% and 43% tested for HBsAg and HBcAb, respectively within 6 mo pretreatment in 2014. Of those tested, 2% (167/10224) had chronic HBV, 4% (326/7903) past HBV, 5%

关键词： Hepatitis B Hepatitis B reactivation Anti-CD20 antibody Rituximab Lymphoma Chemotherapy Hepatitis B antivirals Vaccination Veteran

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Proximal gastric motility in critically ill patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

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World journal of Gastroenterology 2007年第2期13卷 270-275页

作者： Nam Q Nguyen Robert j Fraser Laura K Bryant Marianne chapman Richard H Holloway Department of Gastroenterology Hepatology and General Medicine Royal Adelaide Hospital South Australia Investigation and Procedures Unit Repatriation General Hospital South Australia Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Royal Adelaide Hospital South Australia

AIM： To investigate the proximal gastric motor response to duodenal nutrients in critically ill patients with longstanding type 2 diabetes ***： Proximal gastric motility was assessed （using a barostat） in 10 critically ill patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus （59±3 years） during two 60-min duodenal infusions of Ensure （1 and 2 kcal/min）, in random order, separated by 2h fasting. Data were compared with 15 non-diabetic critically ill patients （48 ± 5 years） and 10 healthy volunteers （28 ±3 years）. RESULTS： Baseline proximal gastric volumes were similar between the three groups. In diabetic patients, proximal gastric relaxation during I kcal/min nutrient infusion was similar to non-diabetic patients and healthy controls. In contrast, relaxation during 2 kcal/ min infusion was initially reduced in diabetic patients （P 〈 0.05） but increased to a level similar to healthy humans, unlike non-diabetic patients where relaxation was impaired throughout the infusion. Duodenal nutrient stimulation reduced the fundic wave frequency in a dose-dependent fashion in both the critically ill diabetic patients and healthy subjects, but not in critically ill patients without diabetes. Fundic wave frequency in diabetic patients and healthy subjects was greater than in non-diabetic ***： In patients with diabetes mellitus, proximal gastric motility is less disturbed than nondiabetic patients during critical illness, suggesting that these patients may not be at greater risk of delayed gastric emptying.

关键词： Proximal gastric function Diabetes mellitus type 2 Critical illness Enteral nutrition

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巴氏消毒乳仍安全

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环球科学 2024年第17期 94-94页

作者：劳伦·j.扬贾明月(翻译) 不详

巴氏消毒是一种通过高温来清除食物中有害微生物的方法,它能有效杀死多种病原体,例如目前正在美国牛类中传播的H5N1禽流感病毒。在一项新研究中,美国食品和药品管理局(FDA)和美国农业部(USDA)的科学家向原料乳(即未经任何处理的生鲜乳)... 详细信息

巴氏消毒是一种通过高温来清除食物中有害微生物的方法,它能有效杀死多种病原体,例如目前正在美国牛类中传播的H5N1禽流感病毒。在一项新研究中,美国食品和药品管理局(FDA)和美国农业部(USDA)的科学家向原料乳(即未经任何处理的生鲜乳)中加入了高浓度的H5N1病毒。

关键词： H5N1禽流感病毒美国农业部巴氏消毒有害微生物 H5N1病毒原料乳生鲜乳病原体

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