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Variation in individual biomass decreases faster than mean biomass with increasing density of bamboo stands

Journal of Forestry Research 2020年第3期31卷 981-987页

作者： Guohua Liu Cang Hui Ming Chen lauren sPile GGeoff Wang Fusheng Wang Peijian shi Co-Innovation Centre for sustainable Forestry in southern China Bamboo Research InstituteNanjing Forestry UniversityNanjing 210037People’s Republic of China Department of Mathematical sciences Centre for Invasion BiologyStellenbosch UniversityMatieland 7602South Africa Mathematical and Physical Biosciences African Institute for Mathematical SciencesCape Town 7945South Africa UsDA Forest service Sierra National Forest—High Sierra Ranger DistrictPratherCA 93651USA Department Forestry and Environmental Conservation Clemson UniversityClemsonSC 29634USA

The total biomass of a stand is an indicator of stand productivity and is closely related to the density of plants. According to the self-thinning law, mean individual biomass follows a negative power law with plant density. If the variance of individual biomass is constant, we can expect increased stand productivity with increasing plant density. However, Taylor's power law(TPL) that relates the variance and the mean of many biological measures(e.g. bilateral areal differences of a leaf, plant biomass atdifferent times, developmental rates at different temperatures, population densities on different spatial or temporal scales), affects the estimate of stand productivity when it is defined as the total biomass of large plants in a *** the variance of individual biomass decreases faster than mean individual biomass, differences in individual biomass decline with increasing density, leading to more homogeneous timbers of greater economic value. We tested whether TPL in plant biomass holds for different species and whether the variance of individual biomass changes faster than the mean with increasing stand *** height, ground diameter and fresh weight of 50 bamboo species were measured in 50 stands ranging from 1 m by 1 m to 30 m by 30 m to ensure more than 150 bamboos in every stand. We separately examined TPL in height,ground diameter, and weight, and found that TPL holds for all three biological measures, with the relationship strongest for weight. Using analysis of covariance to compare the regression slopes of logarithmic mean and variance against the logarithm of density, we found that the variance in individual biomass declined faster than the mean with increasing density. This suggests that dense planting reduced mean individual biomass but homogenized individual biomass. Thus, there exists a trade-off between effective stand productivity and stand density for optimal forest management. sparse planting leads to large variation in individual bi

关键词： Bamboo Linear fitting self-thinning law Taylor's power law Variance

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Foliar application of rare earth elements on soybean(Glycine max(L)):Effects on biometrics and characterization of phytotoxicity

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Journal of Rare Earths 2020年第10期38卷 1131-1139,I0005页

作者： Eduardo s.Rodrigues Gabriel s.Montanha Joao P.R.Marques Eduardo de Almeida lauren N.M.Yabuki Amauri A.Menegario Hudson W.Pereira de Carvalho Laboratory of Nuclear Instrumentation(LIN) Center for Nuclear Energy in Agriculture(CENA)University of Sao Paulo(USP)PiracicabaSP13416-000Brazil Environmental studies Center Sao Paulo State University(UNESP)Rio ClaroSP13506-900Brazil

This study aims at investigating the effects of foliar application of aqueous solutions of La3+and Ce3+nitrates on soybean plants(Glycine max).First,we observe that Triton HW 1000 surfactant at 0.01 vol%reduces droplets contact angle and increases their drying *** greenhouse conditions,the foliar treatments do not affect chlorophyll content,plant height,number of leaves,number of pods,number of seeds per pod,and average seed ***,the treatments induce phytotoxicity since foliar injuries appear after the *** X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy combined to scanning electron microscopy shows that the leaf lesions are positively correlated to accumulation of Ce and La on the leaf surface and also promote structural alteration to the epidermal cells.X-ray absorption near edge structure shows that the La and Ce nitrates are partially bio transformed into oxides by the leaves which might explain the harmful effects.

关键词： Leaf fertilization Rare earth elements soybean X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy X-ray absorption spectroscopy

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Epitaxially aligned single-crystal gold nanoplates formed in large-area arrays at high yield

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Nano Research 2022年第1期15卷 296-303页

作者： Trevor B.Demille Robert D.Neal Arin s.Preston Zijuan Liang Allen G.Oliver Robert A.hughes svetlana Neretina College of Engineering University of Notre DameNotre DameIndiana 46556USA Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of Notre DameNotre DameIndiana 46556USA

Well-tailored nanomaterials with a single-crystal character provide ideal building blocks for on-chip plasmonic *** colloidal methods have demonstrated mastery over the synthesis of such structures,it has proven quite difficult to deploy these same nanomaterials on substrate surfaces in a highly deterministic manner where precise control over position and orientation is ***,we demonstrate a room-temperature two-reagent liquid-phase seed-mediated synthesis of gold nanoplates directly on substrate surfaces in arrays over a square-centimeter *** synthesis is reliant on benchtop lithographic and directed-assembly processes that give rise to single-crystal seeds of gold that express both an epitaxial relationship with the underlying substrate and the internal defect structure required to promote a two-dimensional growth *** resulting structures are highly faceted and,because seed-substrate epitaxy is imposed upon the growing nanoplates,are identically aligned on the substrate *** yields are increased to values as high as 95%using a post-processing sonication procedure that selectively removes a small population of irregularly shaped nanostructures from the substrate surface,and in doing so,gives rise to an uncompromised plasmonic *** work,therefore,advances the techniques needed to integrate single-crystal nanomaterials with wafer-based technologies and provides leading-edge capabilities in terms of defining large-area arrays of plasmonic structures with the nanoplate geometry.

关键词： nanoplates epitaxial array plasmon Brij-700 block copolymer substrate

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The Power of Nudge:Do the same Nudges Have the same Effect in Different Countries?

The Power of Nudge:Do the Same Nudges Have the Same Effect i...

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作者： lauren Fujino 上海交通大学

学位级别：硕士

Nudges have been used by private companies and governments alike to alter individual’s behavior and influence their decision-making ***,to successfully implement nudges,those who structure choice systems must develop an understanding of how nudges are perceived by the *** differences between countries can alter people’s attitudes towards the same nudges and in turn affect how successful those nudge interventions *** paper examines the attitude differences between citizens of two different countries,the United states and China,towards different nudges aimed at promoting environmental *** the ’fathers’ of nudges,economists Richard Thaler and Cass sunstein have introduced and popularized the theory,helping to implement nudges in both the private and public *** as a unique behavior changing tool/method,nudges use behavioral insights to influence and guide the decision-making process without limiting choice or imposing large economic penalties or *** ＆ sunstein’s book,Nudge: Improving Decisions About Health,Wealth,and Happiness,was used as the basis for this study along with other studies from them and other researchers on the *** studies covered the effectiveness,attitudes,perceptions,*** nudges in multiple sectors such as healthcare,environmental protection,and *** Kahneman’s work on the psychology of judgement and decision-making heavily influenced Thaler ＆ sunstein’s work,and in turn,had a large impact on this study as *** book,Thinking,Fast and slow,emphasized the dual processing system people use when making *** as system 1 and system 2,this system is the bases of which Thaler ＆ sunstein lay out the building blocks of *** studying cultural differences,Dutch psychologist Gerard（Geert）Hendrik Hofstede’s work was used as a method to evaluate and measure the cultures in the United states and ***’s four original cultural dimensions were selected coveri

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sexual and Reproductive service Interventions for Menstrual Regulation,safe Abortion,and Post-abortion Care and Their Effectiveness During Disaster Response:A Global systematic Review

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International Journal of Disaster Risk science 2024年第3期15卷 359-373页

作者： Nibedita s.Ray-Bennett Winifred Ekezie Isha Biswas Nimra Iqbal Choudhary David Cowie Lasith Dissanayake lauren Macleod Azukaeogo Nnaji Madhulika sahoo school of Business University of LeicesterLeicesterLE17RHUK Avoidable Deaths Network University of LeicesterLeicesterLE17RHUK Diabetes Research Centre Leicester General HospitalUniversity of LeicesterLeicesterLE54PWUK school of social sciences and Humanities Aston UniversityBirminghamB47ETUK Lifespan and Population Health School of MedicineUniversity of NottinghamNottinghamNG51PBUK school of Public Health and Interdisciplinary studies Auckland University of TechnologyAuckland0627New Zealand Faculty of Life sciences and Education University of South WalesPontypriddCF371DLUK West African Regional ECHO(WARE) APIN Public Health InitiativesAbuja900104Nigeria Department of Anthropology Kalahandi UniversityKalahandiOdisha766001India

sexual and reproductive health(sRH)services are crucial for women especially during disasters,to reduce maternal mortality and morbidity from miscarriages,unsafe abortions,and post-abortion *** study explored the sRH interventions provided during disaster response.A systematic review was conducted to identify what menstrual regulation(MR),safe abortion(sA),and post-abortion care(PAC)approaches/interventions exist to promote resilience in the health system in disaster settings;what intervention components were most eff ective;and challenges and opportunities to meeting sRH *** electronic databases were searched,resulting in 4194 *** the screening process,seven publications were *** intervention-related information in each publication was assessed based on availability,accessibility,acceptability,and *** sRH approaches/interventions were *** eff ectiveness of intervention components could not be conducted due to the limited number of relevant *** were found at facility and community levels,and opportunities included overcoming them,making MR,sA,and PAC integral to the mitigation phase,and policy change to overcome barriers related to unaff ordability and *** are provided to encourage research and policy towards improving neglected sRH in disaster settings to realize sustainable Development Goal 3 and the Global strategy and sendai Framework's priority to promote disaster-resilient health systems.

关键词： Abortion Disasters-sendai framework sexual and reproductive health sustainable development goal

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Novel data-driven subtypes and stages of brain atrophy in the ALs-FTD spectrum

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Translational Neurodegeneration 2023年第1期12卷 50-69页

作者： Ting shen Jacob W.Vogel Jeffrey Duda Jeffrey s.Phillips Philip ACook James Gee lauren Elman Colin Quinn Defne A.Amado Michael Baer lauren Massimo Murray Grossman David J.Irwin Corey T.McMillan Penn Frontotemporal Degeneration Center Department of NeurologyPerelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPA 19104USA Department of Clinical sciences SciLifeLabLund University22242 LundSweden Penn Image Computing and science Lab(PICsL) Department of RadiologyPerelman School of MedicineUniversity of Penn-sylvaniaPhiladelphiaPA 19104USA Department of Neurology Perelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPA 19104USA Digital Neuropathology Laboratory Department of NeurologyPerelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPA 19104USA.

Background TDP-43 proteinopathies represent a spectrum of neurological disorders,anchored clinically on either end by amyotrophic lateral sclerosis(ALs)and frontotemporal degeneration(FTD).The ALs-FTD spectrum exhibits a diverse range of clinical presentations with overlapping phenotypes,highlighting its *** study was aimed to use disease progression modeling to identify novel data-driven spatial and temporal subtypes of brain atrophy and its progression in the ALs-FTD *** We used a data-driven procedure to identify 13 anatomic clusters of brain volume for 57 behavioral variant FTD(bvFTD;with either autopsy-confirmed TDP-43 or TDP-43 proteinopathy-associated genetic variants),103 ALs,and 47 ALs-FTD patients with likely TDP-43.A subtype and stage Inference(sustaIn)model was trained to identify subtypes of individuals along the ALs-FTD spectrum with distinct brain atrophy patterns,and we related subtypes and stages to clinical,genetic,and neuropathological features of *** sustaIn identified three novel subtypes:two disease subtypes with predominant brain atrophy in either prefrontal/somatomotor regions or limbic-related regions,and a normal-appearing group without obvious brain *** limbic-predominant subtype tended to present with more impaired cognition,higher frequencies of pathogenic variants in TBK1 and TARDBP genes,and a higher proportion of TDP-43 types B,E and *** contrast,the prefrontal/somatomotor-predominant subtype had higher frequencies of pathogenic variants in C9orf72 and GRN genes and higher proportion of TDP-43 type *** normal-appearing brain group showed higher frequency of ALs relative to ALs-FTD and bvFTD patients,higher cognitive capacity,higher proportion of lower motor neuron onset,milder motor symptoms,and lower frequencies of genetic pathogenic *** overall sustaIn stages also correlated with evidence for clinical progression including longer disease duration,higher King’s stage,and cog

关键词： Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis Frontotemporal degeneration Disease heterogeneity sustaIn model

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Isogeometric Collocation:A Mixed Displacement-Pressure Method for Nearly Incompressible Elasticity Dedicated to Professor Karl stark Pister for his 95th birthday

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Computer Modeling in Engineering & sciences 2021年第12期129卷 1125-1150页

作者： s.Morganti F.Fahrendorf L.De Lorenzis J.A.Evans T.J.R.hughes A.Reali Department of Electrical Computer and Biomedical EngineeringUniversita degli Studi di PaviaPavia27100Italy Institute of Applied Mechanics Technische Universitat BraunschweigBraunschweig38106Germany Department of Mechanical and Process Engineering Zurich8092Switzerland Department of Aerospace Engineering sciences University of Colorado BoulderColorado80309USA Institute for Computational Engineering and sciences The University of Texas at AustinTexas78712USA Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture Universita degli Studi di PaviaPavia27100Italy

We investigate primal and mixed u−p isogeometric collocation methods for application to nearly-incompressible isotropic *** primal method employs Navier’s equations in terms of the displacement unknowns,and the mixed method employs both displacement and pressure *** benchmarks for what might be considered acceptable accuracy,we employ constant-pressure Abaqus finite elements that are widely used in engineering *** a basis of comparisons,we present results for compressible *** the methods were completely satisfactory for the compressible ***,results for low-degree primal methods exhibited displacement locking and in general deteriorated in the nearly-incompressible *** results for the mixed methods behaved very well for two of the problems we studied,achieving levels of accuracy very similar to those for the compressible *** third problem,which we consider a“torture test”presented a more complex story for the mixed methods in the nearly-incompressible case.

关键词： Isogeometric analysis isogeometric collocation nearly-incompressible elasticity

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How to Hyperion

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宝石和宝石学杂志（中英文） 2023年第6期25卷 149-152页

作者： E.Billie hughes Lotus Gemology Co.Ltd. Bangkok 10500Thailand

*** is said that necessity is the mother of *** this author was contacted about sharing an article that could help gemologists learn more about origin determination,it seemed like a perfect opportunity to provide information about our own laboratory’s invention,*** is a tool we crafted to meet our own necessity,particularly as we faced the challenge of origin determination.

关键词： determination origin own

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The presenting and prescribing patterns of migraine in an Australian emergency department: A descriptive exploratory study

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World Journal of Emergency Medicine 2017年第3期8卷 170-176页

作者： Emily shao James.hughes Rob Eley Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital Emergency Department Princess Alexandra Hospital Emergency Medicine Research Program The University of Queensland Faculty of Medicine

BACKGROUND: Migraine is a common neurological condition that frequently presents to the emergency department(ED). Many medications are available to treat migraine. This study aims to characterize the demographics of patients who present to a large metropolitan ED with migraine, and to identify the medications used in treating this ***: This study is a retrospective database interrogation of clinical records, used to collect quantitative data on patient demographics and medication prescriptions in the ***: A total of 2 228 patients were identified as being treated for migraine over a 10-year period. The proportion of the ED population presenting with migraine steadily increased in this time. Females(71%) more commonly presented to the ED with migraine than males. The migraine population was signifi cantly younger(M=37.05, sD=13.23) than the whole ED population(M=46.17 sD=20.50)(Ps were used in the treatment of migraine in the ED. simple analgesics such as paracetamol and ibuprofen, anti-emetics and intravenous(IV) fluids with phenothiazine additives were commonly used. Over 20% of patients were prescribed oral or parenteral opiates(42 of 194 initial medication prescriptions, and 64 of 292 as required medication prescriptions). Triptans were very rarely ***: Migraine is an increasingly common presentation to the ED. People presenting to the ED with migraine are more likely to be younger and female than the general ED population. Peak presentations for migraines occurred in January and February. The medications that are prescribed in the ED for migraine is varied and are not always in line with current evidence for the treatment of migraine. The excessive reliance on opiates and lack of the use of triptans denotes a signifi cant variation from published guidelines.

关键词： Migraine Headache Pain Emergency department Analgesia

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Evaluation of utility in shoulder pathology:Correlating the American shoulder and Elbow surgeons and Constant scores to the EuroQoL

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World Journal of Orthopedics 2012年第3期3卷 20-24页

作者： Blaine T Bafus Richard E hughes Bruce s Miller James E Carpenter Department of Orthopaedic surgery Cleveland Clinic Foundation Cleveland OH 44115-2325 United States Department of Orthopaedic surgery University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI 48109-2200 United States

AIM: To study whether health utility scores can be derived from shoulder-specific ***: Authors investigated two questions:(1) do the American shoulder and Elbow surgeons(AsEs) score and the Constant score correlate with the EuroQo L(EQ-5D), a measure of health utility?(2) can the AsEs and Constant scores be obtained from a complete study sample without bias? Thirty subjects with various shoulder diagnoses completed AsEs, Constant, and EQ-5D instruments. Pearson correlations were calculated to assess the associations between EQ-5D score and AsEs and Constant ***: The correlation between EQ-5D score and AsEs score was 0.60(P s 0.54 for EQ-5D and Constant scores(P ssion model containing AsEs score, Constant score, age, and gender failed to adequately predict EQ-5D. Moreover, 25% of patients meeting the inclusion criteria did not complete the AsEs questionnaire because they did not feel that specific questions, such as "do usual sport-list" and "throw ball overhand," applied to ***: Authors' results do not support the use of the AsEs and Constant scores in predicting EuroQ ol health utility values. However, the Constant score was more suitable for this patient population because all patients were able to complete it.

关键词： Utility EuroQoL American shoulder and Elbow surgeons score Constant score shoulder Outcomes

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