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Association of initial assessment variables and mortality in severe pediatric traumatic brain injury

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World Journal of Pediatric Surgery 2024年第2期7卷 125-133页

作者： Katherine C Bergus Kelli n Patterson Lindsey Asti Josh Bricker Tariku J Beyene lauren n Schulz Dana M Schwartz Rajan K Thakkar Eric A Sribnick Pediatric Surgery Nationwide Children's HospitalColumbusOhioUSA CenterforSurgical Outcomes Research Nationwide Children's HospitalColumbusOhioUSA neurologic Surgery The Ohio State UniversityColumbusOhioUSA neurologic Surgery Nationwide Children's HospitalColumbusOhioUSA

Background Predictive scales have been used to prognosticate long-term outcomes of traumatic brain injury(TBI),but gaps remain in predicting mortality using initial trauma resuscitation *** sought to evaluate the association of clinical variables collected during the initial resuscitation of intubated pediatric severe patients with TBI with in-hospital *** Intubated pediatric trauma patientsnuary 2011 to December 2020 were *** between initial trauma resuscitation variables(temperature,pulse,mean arterial blood pressure,GCS score,hemoglobin,international normalized ratio(InR),platelet count,oxygen saturation,end tidal carbon dioxide,blood glucose and pupillary response)and mortality were evaluated with multivariable logistic *** Among 314 patients,median age was 5.5 years(interquartile range(IQR):2.2-12.8),GCS score was 3(IQR:3-6),Head Abbreviated Injury Score(hAIS)was 4(IQR:3-5),and most had a severe(25-49)Injury Severity Score(ISS)(48.7%,153/314).Overall mortality was 26.8%.GCS score,hAIS,ISS,InR,platelet count,and blood glucose were associated with in-hospital mortality(all pnd GCS score increased,the odds of mortality *** 1-point increase in GCS score was associated with a 35%decrease in odds of *** hAIS,InR,and blood glucose increased,the odds of mortality *** each 1.0 unit increase in InR,the odds of mortality increased by 1427%.Conclusions Pediatric patients with severe TBI are at substantial risk for in-hospital *** are needed to examine whether earlier interventions targeting specific parameters of InR and blood glucose impact mortality.

关键词： mortality pediatric traumatic

Physical activity and amyloid beta in middle-aged and older adults:A systematic review and meta-analysis

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第2期13卷 133-144页

作者： María Rodriguez-Ayllon Patricio Solis-Urra Cristina Arroyo-ávila Miriam álvarez-Ortega Pablo Molina-García Cristina Molina-Hidalgo Manuel Gómez-Río Belinda Brown Kirk I.erickson Irene Esteban-Cornejo Department of Epidemiology Erasmus University Medical Center RotterdamRotterdamGD 3015the Netherlands Department of Physical Education and Sports Faculty of Sport SciencesSport and Health University Research Institute(iMUDS)University of GranadaGranada 18071Spain Faculty of Education and Social Sciences Universidad Andres BelloVina del Mar 2531015Chile Department of nuclear Medicine Virgen de las Nieves University HospitalInstitute of Biosanitary Research of Granada(IBS)Granada 18014Spain Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Service Virgen de las Nieves University HospitalInstitute of Biosanitary Research of Granada(IBS)Granada 18014Spain Department of Psychology University of PittsburghPittsburghPA 15260USA Centre for Healthy Ageing Health Futures InstituteMurdoch UniversityMurdochWA 6150Australia School of Medical and Health Sciences Edith Cowan UniversityJoondalupWA 6027Australia Advent Health Research Institute Neuroscience Institute OrlandoOrlandoFL 32803USA Physiopathology of Obesity and nutrition Research Center(CIBERobn) Institute of Health Carlos Ⅲ(ISCⅢ)Madrid 28029Spain

Background:One of the pathological hallmarks distinguishing Alzheimer’s disease from other dementias is the accumulation of amyloid beta(Aβ).Higher physical activity is associated with decreased dementia risk,and one potential path could be through Aβlevels *** aimed to explore the relationship between physical activity and Aβin middle-aged and older ***:A systematic search of PubMed,Web of Science,PsycInFO,Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials,and SPORTDiscus was performed from inception to April 28,*** were eligible if they included physical activity and Aβdata in adults aged 45 years or ***-level metaanalyses of intervention and observational studies were performed to examine the role of physical activity in modulating Aβ***:In total,37 articles were included(8 randomized controlled trials,3 non-randomized controlled trials,4 prospective longitudinal studies,and 22 cross-sectional studies).The overall effect size of physical activity interventions on changes in blood Aβwas medium(pooled standardized mean difference=-0.69,95%confidence interval(95%CI):-1.41 to 0.03;I^(2)=74.6%).However,these results were not statistically significant,and there were not enough studies to explore the effects of physical activity on cerebrospinal fluid(CSF)and brain Aβ.Data from observational studies were examined based on measurements of Aβin the brain using positron emission tomography scans,CSF,and *** physical activity was positively associated with Aβonly in the CSF(Estimate r=0.12;95%CI:0.05-0.18;I^(2)=38.00%).Conclusion:Physical activity might moderately reduce blood Aβin middle-aged and older ***,results were only near statistical significance and might be interpreted with caution given the methodological limitations observed in some of the included *** observational studies,higher levels of physical activity were positively associated with Aβonly in ***,further research is needed t

关键词： Aging Cognitive impairment Dementia Exercise PET

Stuck in a rut： Potential costs of sand roads to gopher tortoises Gopherus polyphemus

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Current Zoology 2015年第4期61卷 578-585页

作者： lauren n. GILSOn Archbold Biological Station Lake Placid 123 Main Drive. Lake Placid. FL 33960. USA Department of Environment and Agriculture Curtin University Bentley WA 6845 Australia

Roads affect wildlife significantly through direct mortality but also through behavioral change. We explored the ef- fects of unsurfaced sand roads with a low traffic volume on the travelling behavior of gopher tortoises Gopherus polyphemus in scrub habitat in central Florida, as evidenced by the tracks left by tortoises on sand roads. Tortoises （and most other taxa leaving tracks on the roads） did not appear to make use of roads for travel but attempted to cross them, the success of which was influ- enced by the size of the individual. Smaller animals （presumably younger tortoises） were more challenged than larger animals by both sand road widths and depths of vehicle ruts in sand roads. Sand roads may present both physical and physiological challenges to gopher tortoises, particularly to small ones. This research provides further evidence that the negative influence of roads in fragmenting the environment is not limited to vehicle mortality [Current Zoology 61 （4）： 578-585, 2015].

关键词： Travel non-lethal effects of roads Testudine Reptile Size-dependent

答威利之疑论弗利尔美术馆馆藏汉代博山炉的风格与年代

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西北美术 2002年第3期 42-44页

作者： Susan n.erickson[美] 宋莉（译）

1947年，威利（Wenley）为弗利尔美术馆收集到一件博山炉，尚不知其出处和年代。这件博山炉的山型盖上装饰着错金银和珍贵的宝石，是中国境外最精美的香炉之一。之后威利发表了一篇题为“对博山炉的质疑”的文章，其中心是推断博山炉的... 详细信息

1947年，威利（Wenley）为弗利尔美术馆收集到一件博山炉，尚不知其出处和年代。这件博山炉的山型盖上装饰着错金银和珍贵的宝石，是中国境外最精美的香炉之一。之后威利发表了一篇题为“对博山炉的质疑”的文章，其中心是推断博山炉的年代。他在作艰难的选择，是接受以前的学术成就，把博山炉的年代定在西汉时期？还是坚持自己的所做的风格分析，认为这件器物的年代应追溯于战国时期？

关键词：威利学术成就西汉时期战国时期美术馆器物

Postphalloplasty urinary function test:an observational study of novel outcome instrument to capture urinary dysfunction and quality of life after phalloplasty

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2022年第6期24卷 570-574页

作者： James L Liu lauren Eisenbeis Stephanie Preston Arthur L Burnett Heather n DiCarlo Devin Coon The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute and Department of Urology Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreMD 21287USA Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Johns Hopkins School of MedicineBaltimoreMD 21287USA Johns Hopkins Center for Transgender Health Johns Hopkins MedicineBaltimoreMD 21287USA Department of Surgery University of Texas SouthwesternDallasTX 75370USA

Due to growing social acceptance,there has been an increasing number of gender-affirmation surgeries performed in north *** research in this patient population focuses on surgical outcomes and advancing ***,little work has been done to study functional *** better evaluate urinary dysfunction in the postphalloplasty trans men patient population,our group developed a novel patient-reported outcome instrument-the postphalloplasty urinary function test(PP UFT)and protocol to measure postvoid urethral volume(PVUR),and we present our preliminary *** conducted a cross-sectional pilot study in a cohort of 15 adult trans men who had undergone phalloplasty with urethral lengthening surgery between 2018 and *** had stable urinary function via the neophallus at the time of *** filled out the PP UFT and were asked to record their PVUR as per our *** average PP UFT score was 8.9 out of 40 and the average quality-of-life(QOL)score was *** dribbling constituted the major complaint and on average comprised 63.2%of the reported PP UFT *** average PVUR was 2.2 ml(range:0.5-5.6 ml).There was a positive correlation between higher PP UFT and worse-reported quality of life(Pnt questionnaires accepted in cis-male urology have limitations for accurately capturing urinary dysfunction in this specific patient *** combination of PP UFT and PVUR measurement offers potential for quantifying urinary function and quality of life in patients who undergo *** studies will validate these instruments.

关键词： gender affirmation gender surgery phalloplasty postvoid urethral residual urethral lengthening urinary dysfunction

Adding Value to Crop Production Systems by Integrating Forage Cover Crop Grazing

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2024年第3期15卷 180-192页

作者： Robert B. Mitchell Daren D. Redfearn Kenneth P. Vogel Terry J. Klopfenstein Galen.erickson P. Stephen Baenziger Bruce E. Anderson Mary E. Drewnoski Jay Parsons Steven D. Masterson Marty R. Schmer Virginia L. Jin USDA-ARS Wheat Sorghum and Forage Research Unit University of Nebraska-Lincoln Lincoln NE USA Department of Agronomy and Horticulture University of Nebraska-Lincoln Lincoln NE USA Department of Animal Science University of Nebraska-Lincoln Lincoln NE USA Department of Agricultural Economics University of Nebraska-Lincoln Lincoln NE USA USDA-ARS Agroecosystem Management Research Unit University of Nebraska-Lincoln Lincoln NE USA

In addition to their value as cereal grains, wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and triticale (× Triticosecale Wittmack) are important cool-season annual forages and cover crops. Yearling steer (Bos taurus) performance was compared in the spring following autumn establishment as for age cover crops after soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] grain harvest. Replicated pastures (0.4 ha) were no-till seeded in three consecutive years into soybean stubble in autumn, fertilized, and grazed the following spring near Ithaca, nE, USA. Each pasture (n = 3) was continuously stocked in spring with four yearling steers (380 ± 38 kg) for 17, 32, and 28 d in 2005, 2006, and 2007, respectively. In 2005, average daily gain (ADG) for steers grazing triticale exceeded the ADG for wheat by 0.31 kghd-1d-1. In 2006, wheat ADG exceeded that for triticale by 0.12 kghd-1d-1. In 2007, steers grazing wheat lost weight, while steers grazing triticale gained 0.20 kghd-1d-1. Based on the 3-year average animal gains valued at $1.32 kg-1, mean net return ($ ha-1 yr-1) was $62.15 for triticale and $22.55 for wheat. Since these grazed cover crops provide ecosystem services in addition to forage, grazing could be viewed as a mechanism for recovering costs and adds additional value to the system. Based on this 3-year grazing trial, triticale was superior to wheat and likely will provide the most stable beef yearling performance across years with variable weather for the western Cornbelt USA.

关键词： Cover crops Soybean Triticale Wheat

God, guns, gold and glory: American character and its discontents

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Coal-gas interaction： implications of changes in texture and porosity

作者： (1940-)Langman lauren (1964-)Lundskow George n.

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International Journal of Coal Science & Technology 2016年第1期3卷 10-19页

作者： Vyacheslav n. Romanov lauren C. Graeser Sinisha A. Jikich Yee Soong Gino A. Irdi U. S. Department of Energy National Energy TechnologyLaboratory P. O. Box 10940 Pittsburgh 15236 USA

Transient sorption and desorption of helium and carbon dioxide in Upper Freeport coal powder and lumps were analyzed. Differences in texture and porosity between the powder and lumps may affect the transport and interaction of the penetrant and coal. In this work, we address macroscopic and mesoscopic structural differences between powdered and non-powdered coals that influence the rates of the gas transport kinetics and changes in coal texture （swelling, shrinkage, and changes in the pore structure and interconnectivity） and the reciprocal free-phase pressure decay （relaxation）. Com- parison of the multi-exponential relaxation time constants as a function of pressure, for CO2 and inert gas （helium）, allows us to postulate several mechanisms responsible for observed pressure decay patterns.

关键词： Coal Gas Porosity Structure Diffusion Sorption Swelling

Prospects for sociogenomics in avian cooperative breeding and parental care

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Current Zoology 2020年第3期66卷 293-306页

作者： Flavia TERMIGnOnI-GARCIA Matthew I.M.LOUDER Christopher n.BALAKRISHnAn lauren O’COnnELL Scott V.EDWARDS Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology Harvard UniversityCambridgeMA 02138USA Museum of Comparative Zoology Harvard UniversityCambridgeMA 02138USA International Research Center for neurointelligence The University of TokyoHongoBunkyo-kuTokyo 113-0033Japan Department of Biology East Carolina UniversityGreenvilleNC 27858USA Department of Biology Stanford UniversityStanfordCA 94305USA

For the last 40 years,the study of cooperative breeding(CB)in birds has proceeded primarily in the context of discovering the ecological,geographical,and behavioral drivers of *** advent of molecular tools in the early 1990s assisted in clarifying the relatedness of helpers to those helped,in some cases,confirming predictions of kin selection *** for genome-wide analysis of sequence variation,gene expression,and epigenetics promise to add new dimensions to our understanding of avian CB,primarily in the area of molecular and developmental correlates of delayed breeding and dispersal,as well as the ontogeny of achieving parental status in ***,we outline key ways in which modern-omics approaches,in particular genome sequencing,transcriptomics,and epigenetic profiling such as ATAC-seq,can be used to add a new level of ana-lysis of avian *** on recent and ongoing studies of avian social behavior and sociogenom-ics,we review how high-throughput sequencing of a focal species or clade can provide a robust foundation for downstream,context-dependent destructive and non-destructive sampling of spe-cific tissues or physiological states in the field for analysis of gene expression and epigenetics.-Omics approaches have the potential to inform not only studies of the diversification of CB over evolutionary time,but real-time analyses of behavioral interactions in the field or *** of birds represents a new branch in the network of methods used to study CB,and can help clarify ways in which the different levels of analysis of CB ultimately interact in novel and unexpected ways.

关键词： ATAC-seq behavior convergent evolution epigenetics neurobiology phylogeny