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Identification of QTL and underlying genes for root system architecture associated with nitrate nutrition in hexaploid wheat

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2022年第4期21卷 917-932页

作者： Marcus GRIFFITHS Jonathan A.ATKINSON laura-jayne gardiner Ranjan SWARUP Michael P.POUND Michael H.WILSON Malcolm J.BENNETT Darren M.WELLS School of Biosciences University of NottinghamSutton Bonington CampusLE125RDUK Future Food Beacon of Excellence University of NottinghamSutton Bonington CampusLE125RDUK Integrative Phenomics Group School of BiosciencesUniversity of NottinghamSutton Bonington CampusLE125RDUK IBM Research The Hartree CentreWarringtonWA44ADUK School of Computer Science University of NottinghamNottinghamNG81BBUK

The root system architecture(RSA) of a crop has a profound effect on the uptake of nutrients and consequently the potential yield. However, little is known about the genetic basis of RSA and resource adaptive responses in wheat(Triticum aestivum L.). Here, a high-throughput germination paper-based plant phenotyping system was used to identify seedling traits in a wheat doubled haploid mapping population, Savannah×Rialto. Significant genotypic and nitrate-N treatment variation was found across the population for seedling traits with distinct trait grouping for root size-related traits and root distribution-related traits. Quantitative trait locus(QTL) analysis identified a total of 59 seedling trait QTLs. Across two nitrate treatments, 27 root QTLs were specific to the nitrate treatment. Transcriptomic analyses for one of the QTLs on chromosome 2 D, which was found under low nitrate conditions, revealed gene enrichment in N-related biological processes and 28 differentially expressed genes with possible involvement in a root angle response. Together, these findings provide genetic insight into root system architecture and plant adaptive responses to nitrate, as well as targets that could help improve N capture in wheat.

关键词： doubled-haploid population nitrate RNA-seq quantitative trait loci root system architecture Triticum aestivum L.(wheat)

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PDZ Domain Proteins：＇Dark Matter＇ of the Plant Proteome？

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Molecular Plant 2011年第6期4卷 933-937页

作者： John gardiner Robyn Overall Jan Marc School of Biological Sciences University of Sydney Sydney 2006 Australia

PDZ domain proteins in metazoans function in diverse roles, and in conjunction with PDZ domain-binding proteins form macromolecular complexes for signaling at synapses and cell junctions. Bioinformatics approaches using the SMART tool indicate there are only a modest number of Arabidopsis PDZ proteins. However, there are hundreds of proteins predicted to possess PDZ domain-binding motifs, suggesting that there are many PDZ domain proteins not detectable by conventional bioinformatic approaches. Our Scansite analysis of PDZ domain-binding proteins indicates that PDZ domain proteins may play key roles in cytoskeletal organization including actin microfilaments, microtubules, and nuclear cytoskeletal proteins, and in the organization of macromolecular complexes involved in cell-to-cell signaling, transport, and cell wall formation.

关键词： Signal transduction cell morphogenesis cell signaling cell walls cytoskeleton plasmodesmata.

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Validation of a radioimmunoassay-based fecal corticosteroid assay for Richardson＇s ground squirrels Urocitellus richardsonii and behavioural correlates of stress

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Current Zoology 2014年第5期60卷 591-601页

作者： James F. HARE Calen R RYAN Chris ENRIGHT laura E. gardiner Lindsay J SKYNER Charlene N. BERKVENS W. Gary ANDERSON Department of Biological Sciences University of Manitoba Winnipeg MB Canada R3T 2N2 Assiniboine Park Zoo Winnipeg MB Canada R3R 2N7 Present Address: School of Applied Science Bay of Plenty Polytechnic Tauranga 3112 New Zealand

We validated a radioimmunoassay-based method quantifying fecal glucocorticoid metabolites （FGMs） from captive male and female Richardson＇s ground squirrels Urocitellus richardsonii. Blood samples were drawn to explore the correlation between plasma cortisol and FGM concentrations. We also injected groups of squirrels with normal saline （CTL; control）, adre- nocorticotropic hormone （ACTH; stimulating adrenal activity）, or dexamethasone （DEX; suppressing adrenal activity）. Potential correlations between stress and behaviour were explored through quantification of fecal pellet production and the intervention necessary to elicit defecation, as well as the behaviour of subjects in the context of handling. Changes in plasma cortisol concen- tration between capture （baseline）, and following handling （stress-induced） were also quantified for free-living squirrels. While glucocorticoid concentrations recovered from feces during our captive-animal study were not well correlated with plasma eortisol concentrations, and uncorrelated with defecation or behaviour, FGM concentrations did reflect the activation of the hypothalamic- pituitary-adrenal （HPA） axis. FGM concentrations increased significantly during initial captivity, but declined to baseline level as individuals acclimated to the novel environment. Injection of subjects with ACTH increased FGMs above baseline, confirming activation of the HPA axis. Plasma cortisol concentrations increased significantly with induced stress, indicating that capture and handling activated the glucocorticoid stress response even among previously handled, free-living subjects. Our findings validate a non-invasive tool that will afford new insight into the physiological processes underlying social, reproductive and antipredator behaviour of Richardson＇s ground squirrels [Current Zoology 60 （5）： 591-601, 2014 ].

关键词： Stress Corticosteroids Fecal glucocorticoid metabolites Radioimmunoassay Richardson's ground squirrels

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Investigation of role of cartilage surface polymer brush border in lubrication of biological joints

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Friction 2022年第1期10卷 110-127页

作者： JinJing LIAO David W.SMITH Saeed MIRAMINI Bruce S.gardiner Lihai ZHANG Department of Infrastructure Engineering.The University of Melbourne.Victoria 3010 Australia Faculty of Engineering and Mathematical Sciences The University of Western AustraliaWA 6009Australia College of Science Health.Engineering and Education.Murdoch UniversityWA 6150Australia

Although experimental evidence has suggested that the polymer brush border(PBB)on the cartilage surface is important in regulating fluid permeability in the contact gap,the current theoretical understanding of joint lubrication is still *** address this research gap,a multiscale cartilage contact model that includes PBB,in particular its effect on the fluid permeability of the contact gap,is developed in this *** modeling is employed to estimate the permeability of the contact *** permeability is classified into two categories:For a gap size>1μm,the flow resistance is assumed to be dominated by the cartilage roughness;for gap size<1μm,flow resistance is assumed to be dominated by the surface polymers extending beyond the collagen network of the articular *** gap sizes of less than 1μm,the gap permeability decreases exponentially with increasing aggrecan concentration,whereas the aggrecan concentration varies inversely with the gap ***,the gap permeability is employed in a macroscale cartilage contact model,in which both the contact gap space and articular cartilage are modeled as two interacting poroelastic *** fluid exchange between these two media is achieved by imposing pressure and normal flux continuity boundary *** model results suggest that PBB can substantially enhance cartilage lubrication by increasing the gap fluid load support(e.g.,by 26 times after a 20-min indentation compared with the test model without a PBB).Additionally,the fluid flow resistance of PBB sustains the cartilage interstitial fluid pressure for a relatively long period,and hence reduces the vertical deformation of the ***,it can be inferred that a reduction in the PBB thickness impairs cartilage lubrication ability.

关键词： assumed polymer hence

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Beneath the shadow

Beneath the shadow

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作者： Justin gardiner.

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Greenhouse gas emissions from different pig manure management techniques： a critical analysis

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2017年第3期11卷 3-18页

作者： Conor Dennehy Peadar G. Lawlor Yan Jiang Gillian E. gardiner Sihuang Xie Long D Nghiem Xinmin Zhan Civil Engineering College of Engineering and lnformatics National University of Ireland Galway Ireland Teagasc Pig Development Department Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre Fermoy Ireland Department of Science Waterford Institute of Technology Waterford Ireland Strategic Water Infrastructure Laboratory University of Wollongong Wollongong NSW 2522 Australia

Manure management is the primary source of greenhouse gas （GHG） emissions from pig farming, which in turn accounts for 18% of the total global GHG emissions from the livestock industry. In this review, GHG emissions （N20 and CH4 emissions in particular） from individual pig manure （PGM） management practices （European practises in particular） are systematically analyzed and discussed. These manure management practices include manure storage, land application, solid/liquid separation, anaerobic digestion, composting and aerobic wastewater treatment. The potential reduction in net GHG emissions by changing and optimising these techniques is assessed. This review also identifies key research gaps in the literature including the effect of straw covering of liquid PGM storages, the effect of solid/liquid separation, and the effect of dry anaerobic digestion on net GHG emissions from PGM management. In addition to identifying these research gaps, several recommendations including the need to standardize units used to report GHG emissions, to account ~br indirect N20 emissions, and to include a broader research scope by conducting detailed life cycle assessment are also discussed. Overall, anaerobic digestion and compositing to liquid and solid fractions are best PGM management practices with respect to their high GHG mitigation potential.

关键词： CH4N2O Storage Anaerobic digestion Composting Separation

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The Pliocene-Recent Euphrates river system:Sediment facies and architecture as an analogue for subsurface reservoirs

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能源地球科学(英文) 2020年第3期1卷 174-193页

作者： Dorrik Stow Uisdean Nicholson Samantha Kearsey Dominic Tatum Andy gardiner Amer Ghabra Mahmoud Jaweesh EGIS-IGE Heriot-Watt UniversityEdinburghEH144ASUK Glasgow International College 56 Dumbarton RoadGlasgowG116NUUK Department of Geology and Petroleum Exploration Engineering Faculty of Petroleum EngineeringSyrian Private UniversityDamascusSyria School of Geography University of BirminghamBirminghamB152TTUK

The Tigris-Euphrates is a continental-scale fluvial system,around 2800 km in length,which drains over 1 million km2 of *** system originated in the Late Miocene and developed into the principal axial drainage system of the region,which follows broad regional structural features of the Mesopotamian Foreland *** preservation and outcropping of the Pliocene and Quaternary Euphrates deposits yield a viable local analogue for subsurface fluvial reservoirs in the region,and for other fluvial systems that have developed in foreland basin *** paper documents the first detailed study of the sedimentary characteristics of these Pliocene and Quaternary fluvial deposits along the middle reaches of the present-day Euphrates in *** Euphrates fluvial system developed from small and probably short-lived isolated cut-and-fill channels in the Pliocene,characterised by abundant debrite and slump facies,through to a broad meandering system at *** Quaternary deposits represent a braided to meandering system that was more energetic than that of the modern day *** Quaternary facies include a dominance of gravels,pebbly sands and sands as channel associations,coupled with sands,muds and paleosols representing channel abandonment,overbank and crevasse-splay *** widths,where observed,range from 50 to 500 m,and minimum fill thicknesses range from 3 to 7 *** combined channel-fill for stacked channels is up to 25 m *** correlation of channel elements over at least 1 km of section indicates that rapid and extensive lateral migration has *** splay lobes can be identified in the overbank deposits,with a width of 30e60 m and sand thickness of 0.5e1.5 *** geometry,nature and dimensions of these architectural elements provide a useful analogue for subsurface *** high-energy channel facies of the Quaternary system show very good reservoir attributes,with good correlation and *** the bed-

关键词： Euphrates river Fluvial facies Fluvial architecture Reservoir analogue

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Process stability and microbial community composition in pig manure and food waste anaerobic co-digesters operated at low HRTs

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Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2017年第3期11卷 53-65页

作者： Conor Dennehy Peadar G. Lawlor Gillian E. gardiner Yan Jiang Paul Cormican Matthew S. McCabe Xinmin Zhan Department of Civil Engineering College of Engineering and Informatics National University of Ireland Galway Ireland Teagasc Pig Development Department Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre Fermoy Ireland Department of Science Waterford Institute of Technology Waterford Ireland Teagasc Animal and Bioscience Research Department Animal and Grassland Research and Innovation Centre Dunsany Meath Ireland

This study assessed the effects of reducing hydraulic retention times （HRTs） from 21 days to 10.5 days when anaerobically co-digesting pig manure and food waste. Continuously stirred tank reactors of 3.75 L working volume were operated in triplicate at 42℃. Digester HRT was progressively decreased from 21 to 15 days to 10.5 days, with an associated increase in organic loading rate （OLR） from 3.1 kg volatile solids （VS）·m^-***^-1 to 5.1 kg VS·m^***-1 to 7.25 kg VS.m^-3·day^-1. Reducing HRT from 21 days to 15 days caused a decrease in specific methane yields and VS removal rates. Operation at a HRT of 10.5 days initially resulted in the accumulation of isobutyric acid in each reactor. High throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed that this increase coincided with a shift in acidogenic bacterial populations, which most likely resulted in the increased isobutyric acid concentrations. This may in turn have caused the increase in relative abundance of Clocamonaceae bacteria, which syntrophically degrade non-acetate volatile fatty acids （VFAs） into H2 and CO2. This, along with the increase in abundance of other syntrophic VFA oxidizers, such as Spiorchatetes, suggests that VFA oxidation plays a role in digester operation at low HRTs. Reducing the HRT to below 21 days compromised the ability of the anaerobic digestion system to reduce enteric indicator organism counts below regulatory limits.

关键词： Biogas Sequencing Clocamonaeeae Spiorchatetes Isobutyrate Biosafety

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Molecular characterization of intergeneric hybrids between Malus and Pyrus

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Horticulture Research 2023年第1期10卷 172-182页

作者： Giulia Pasqualetto Luisa Palmieri Stefan Martens Vincent G.M.Bus David Chagné Claudia Wiedow Mickael A.Malnoy Susan E.gardiner Research and Innovation Centre Edmund Mach FoundationSan Michele all’AdigeTN 38010Italy Department of Agricultural FoodEnvironmental and Animal SciencesUniversity of UdineUD 33100Italy The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Ltd(PFR) Hawke’s Bay Research CentreHavelock North 4442New Zealand PFR Fitzherbert Science CentrePalmerston NorthNew Zealand

Apple(Malus)and pear(Pyrus)are economically important fruit crops well known for their unique textures,f lavours,and nutritional *** genera are characterised by a distinct pattern of secondary metabolites,which directly affect not only resistance to certain diseases,but also have significant impacts on the f lavour and nutritional value of the *** identical chromosome numbers,similar genome size,and their recent divergence date,together with DNA markers have shown that apple and pear genomes are highly *** study utilized comparative genomic approaches,including simple sequence repeats,high resolution single nucleotide polymorphism melting analysis,and single nucleotide polymorphism chip analysis to identify genetic differences among hybrids of Malus and Pyrus,and F2 *** research has demonstrated and validated that these three marker types,along with metabolomics analysis are very powerful tools to detect and confirm hybridity of progeny derived from crosses between apple and pear in both cross ***,this work analysed the genus-specific metabolite patterns and the resistance to fire blight(Erwinia amylovora)in *** findings of this work will enhance and accelerate the breeding of novel tree fruit crops that benefit producers and consumers,by enabling marker assisted selection of desired traits introgressed between pear and apple.

关键词： crops utilized breeding

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*** Use of Vaccine for Cervical Cancer

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当代外语研究 2006年第7期 2-4页

作者： gardiner Harris 张英

癌症一直以来是人类健康的最大杀手。2006年6月8日,美国正式批准最新研制成功的抗子宫颈癌疫苗“Gardasil”投入使用。这种疫苗可以有效地预防子宫颈癌的发生,这一成果被视为医学史上的一个里程碑。尽管昂贵的成本以及宗教因素给该疫苗... 详细信息

癌症一直以来是人类健康的最大杀手。2006年6月8日,美国正式批准最新研制成功的抗子宫颈癌疫苗“Gardasil”投入使用。这种疫苗可以有效地预防子宫颈癌的发生,这一成果被视为医学史上的一个里程碑。尽管昂贵的成本以及宗教因素给该疫苗的广泛使用带来很大障碍,此研究仍然得到了社会各界的广泛支持。

关键词：子宫颈癌癌疫苗研制成功人类健康医学史宗教因素批准里程碑投入使用癌症

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