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Hepatocellular carcinoma risk after viral response in hepatitis C virus-advanced fibrosis: Who to screen and for how long?

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2021年第40期27卷 6737-6749页

作者： Adriana Ahumada laura rayón Clara Usón Rafael Bañares Sonia Alonso Lopez Liver Unit Hospital General Universitario Gregorio MarañónMadrid 28007Spain Liver Unit Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón(IiSGM)Madrid 28007Spain Medicine Universidad Complutense de MadridMadrid 28006Spain Centro de Investigación Biomédica En Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas(CIBERehd) Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIMadrid 28029Spain

Hepatitis C virus(HCV)chronic infection is associated with fibrosis progression,end-stage liver complications and *** surprisingly,HCV infection is a leading cause of liver-related morbidity and mortality *** sustained virological response(SVR),the risk of developing hepatocellular carcinoma is not completely eliminated in patients with established cirrhosis or with advanced ***,lifelong surveillance is currently *** strategy is likely not universally cost-effective and harmless,considering that not all patients with advanced fibrosis have the same risk of developing *** related to the severity of liver disease and its potential to improve after SVR,the molecular and epigenetic changes that occur during infection and other associated comorbidities might account for different risk levels and are likely essential for identifying patients who would benefit from screening programs after *** to develop predictive models and risk calculators,biomarkers and genetic panels and even deep learning models to estimate the individual risk of HCC have been made in the direct-acting antiviral agents era,when thousands of patients with advanced fibrosis and cirrhosis have reached *** tools could help to identify patients with very low HCC risk in whom surveillance might not be *** this review,factors affecting the probability of HCC development after SVR,the benefits and risks of surveillance,suggested strategies to estimate individualized HCC risk and the current evidence to recommend lifelong surveillance are discussed.

关键词： Hepatitis C virus Hepatocellular carcinoma Liver fibrosis Surveillance Sustained virologic response Epigenetic changes Predictive models Cost-effectiveness

Decoupling the adsorption mechanisms of arsenate at molecular level on modified cube-shaped sponge loaded superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2022年第11期34卷 1-12页

作者： Xiang-Yang Lou Roberto Boada Veronica Verdugo laura Simonelli Gustavo Pérez Manuel Valiente GTS-UAB Research Group Department of ChemistryFacultat de CiènciesUniversitat Autonoma de Barcelona08193 BellaterraSpain ALBA Synchrotron Carrer de la llum 2-26Cerdanyola del Valles08290 BarcelonaSpain Centro de Excelencia en Nanotecnologia Leitat ChileSantiago 7500724Chile

In this study, a commercial cube-shaped open-celled cellulose sponge adsorbent was modified by in-situ co-precipitation of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles(SPION) and used to remove As(V) from aqueous solutions. Fe K-edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy(XAS) and TEM identified maghemite as the main iron phase of the SPION nanoparticles with an average size 13 nm. Batch adsorption experiments at 800 mg/L showed a 63% increase of adsorption capacity when loading 2.6 wt.% mass fraction of SPION in the *** determination of the adsorption thermodynamic parameters indicated that the As(V) adsorption on the composite material is a spontaneous and exothermic *** K-edge XAS results confirmed that the adsorption enhancement on the composite can be attributed to the nanoparticles loaded. In addition, adsorbed As(V) did not get reduced to more toxic As(Ⅲ) and formed a binuclear corner-sharing complex with SPION. The advantageous cube-shape of the sponge-loaded SPION composite together with its high affinity and good adsorption capacity for As(V), good regeneration capability and the enhanceddiffusion attributed to its open-celled structure make this adsorbent a good candidate for industrial applications.

关键词： Adsorption Cube composite adsorbent Arsenate removal Regeneration X-ray absorption spectroscopy

Human bocavirus in children hospitalized for acute respiratory tract infection in Rome

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World Journal of Pediatrics 2020年第3期16卷 293-298页

作者： laura Petrarca Raffaella Nenna Antonella Frassanito Alessandra Pierangeli Greta Di Mattia Carolina Scagnolari Fabio Midulla Maternal-Infantile and Urological Science Department "Sapienza"University of RomeRomeItaly Virology Laboratory Department of Molecular Medicine"Sapienza"University of RomeRomeItaly

Background The role of human bocavirus (HBoV) as a respiratory pathogen has not been fulfilled *** aimed to describe clinical and serological characteristics of children with HBoV hospitalized for acute respiratory tract infection and to evaluate whether differences occur between HBoV alone and in *** We retrospectively reviewed data from 60 children (median age of 6.2 months,range 0.6-70.9) hospitalized for acute respiratory symptoms,with HBoV detected from a respiratory sample,using a reverse transcriptase-PCR for 14 respiratory viruses (including respiratory syncytial virus (RSV),influenza virus A and B,human coronavirus OC43,229E,NL-63 and HUK1,adenovirus,rhinovirus,parainfluenza virus 1-3,and human metapneumovirus).Results HBoV was detected alone in 29 (48.3%) patients,while in co-infection with other viruses in 31 patients (51.7%),with a peak between December and *** the 60 patients,34 were bronchiolitis,19 wheezing,3 pneumonia,2 upper respiratory tract infection,and 2 whooping *** children (11.6%) required admission to the paediatric intensive care unit (PICU) for respiratory *** differences was observed in age,family history for atopy and/or asthma,clinical presentations,chest X-ray,or laboratory findings in children with HBoV alone *** viral *** was the most frequently co-detected virus (61.3%).When compared with HBoV detection alone,the co-detection of RSV and HBoV was associated with male sex (P=0.013),younger age (P=0.01),and lower blood neutrophil count (P=0.032).Conclusions HBoV can be detected alone and in co-infection respiratory samples of children with an acute respiratory tract infection.A cause-effect relationship between HBoV and respiratory infection is not clear,so further studies are needed to clarify this point.

关键词： Human bocavirus Pediatrics Respiratory tract infection Viral infection

Field study of a soft X-ray aerosol neutralizer combined with electrostatic classifiers for nanoparticle size distribution measurements

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Particuology 2018年第2期16卷 99-106页

作者： Alessia Nicosia laura Manodori Arianna Trentini Isabella Ricciardelli Dimitri Bacco Vanes Poluzzi Lorenza Di Matteo Franco Belosi Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate (ISAC)-CNR Bologna Italy Department of Physics and Earth Sciences University of Ferrara 44122 Ferrara Italy ECSIN - European Center for the Sustainable Impact ofNanotechnology Veneto Nanotech Scpa Rovigo Italy d Regional Agency for Prevention Environment and Energy of Emilia-Romagna (ARPAE) Bologna Italy Regional Agency for Prevention Environment and Energy of Emilia-Romagna (ARPAE) Bologna Italy University of Eastern Piedmont "A. Avogadro" Department of Science and Technology Innovation Alessandria Italy

Most conventional aerosol neutralizers are based on radioactive sources, which are controlled by strict regulations restricting their handling, transport, and storage. The TSI 3087 soft X-ray （SXR） neutralizer circumvents these legal restrictions. The aim of the present work is to compare the performance of a standalone SXR aerosol neutralizer with that of conventional radioactive aerosol neutralizers based on 85Kr （TSI 3077） and 241Am （Grimm 5522） by performing field tests in a real environmental scenario. The results obtained when the SXR neutralizer was connected to a mobility particle sizer spectrometer （MPS）, different from the device suggested by the manufacturer, were comparable with those obtained with the use of radioactive aerosol neutralizers. In changing the neutralizer, the particle number concentrations, measured with the MPS connected to the SXR neutralizer, almost remained within the 10% uncertainty bounds for the particle size interval 10-300 nm, when diffusion losses inside the SXR tube were considered. Based on our comparisons, the SXR neutralizer can be regarded as a standalone instrument that could solve the problems associated with legal restrictions on radioactive neutralizers and fulfil the need for a portable instrument for different field test purposes.

关键词： Aerosol neutralizer Soft X-ray non-radioactive charger Mobility particle sizer spectrometer Particle size distribution Diffusion losses

Characterisation of Photocathodes Based on Pb Thin Film Deposited by UV Pulsed Laser Ablation

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2014年第1期30卷 37-40页

作者： Francisco Gontad Antonella Lorusso Giancarlo Gatti Massimo Ferrario laura Gioia Passione Luana Persano Nicola Lovergine Alessio Perrone Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare e Università del Salento Università del Salento Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica "E.De Giorgi" Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare Center for Biomolecular Nanotechnologies Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell'Innovazione Università del Salento National Nanotechnology Laboratory(NNL)

This work deals with the deposition of lead （Pb） thin films by the UV pulsed laser ablation technique, for their further use as photocathode devices in superconducting radio frequency guns. Scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy analyses were performed to study the morphological features of Pb thin films deposited on Si （100） and Nb substrates. The films showed a granular structure with a nearly fully covered surface only for that one deposited on Nb substrate. X-ray diffraction measurements indicate the growth of polycrystalline Pb thin films with a preferential orientation along （111） planes. Results of the photoemission performance of Pb thin film deposited on Nb substrate showed a very encouraging average value of quantum efficiency of 6 x 10-5 through a single-photon absorption process, promoting further studies in the realisation of Pb photocathodes by this technique.

关键词： Pulsed laser deposition Lead thin film Metallic photocathodes Quantum efficiency

Pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2011年第44期17卷 4932-4936页

作者： Francesco Azzaroli laura Turco Liza Ceroni Stefania Sartoni Galloni Federica Buonfiglioli Claudio Calvanese Giuseppe Mazzella Department of Clinical Medicine Division of GastroenterologyS.Orsola-Malpighi HospitalUniversity of Bologna Department of Emergency General Surgery and TransplantationS.Orsola-Malpighi HospitalUniversity of Bologna

Pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis(PCI) is a rare condition that may be associated with a variety of *** presenting clinical picture may be very heterogeneous and represent a challenge for the *** the present paper we describe both a common and an uncommon clinical presentation of PCI and review the pertaining *** cases confirm that,apart from asymptomatic cases,the clinical presentation of PCI may be widely different and suggest that a new onset of stipsis might be the presenting *** might be suggested by a simple X-ray of the digestive tract showing a change in the characteristics of the intestinal wall in two-thirds of these ***,one third of the patients do not have a suggestive X-ray and require a computed tomography(CT) scan/nuclear magnetic resonance that may reveal a thickened bowel wall containing gas to confirm the diagnosis and distinguish PCI from intraluminal air or submucosal *** also allows the detection of additional findings that may suggest an underlying,potentially worrisome cause of PCI such as bowel wall thickening,altered contrast mucosal enhancement,dilated bowel,soft tissue stranding,ascites and the presence of portal *** results also point out that clinicians and endoscopists should be aware of the possible presentations of PCI in order to correctly manage the patients affected with this disease and avoid unnecessary *** increasing number of colonoscopies performed for colon cancer screening makes PCI more frequently casually encountered and/or provoked,therefore the possible endoscopic appearances of this disease should be well known by endoscopists.

关键词： Pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis Pneumoperitoneum Treatment Hyperbaric oxygen Endoscopy

Elucidation of thermally induced internal porosity in zinc oxide nanorods

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Nano Research 2018年第5期11卷 2412-2423页

作者： Albertus D. Handoko laura-Lynn Liew Ming Lin Gopinathan Sankar Yonghua Du Haibin Su Zhili Dong Gregory K. L. Goh Institute of Materials Research and Engineering Agency for Science Technology and Research (A＊STAR) Singapore 138634 Singapore School of Materials Science and Engineering Nanyang Technological University Singapore 639798 Singapore Department of Chemistry University College London London WC1H0AJ UK Institute of Chemical and Engineering Sciences Agency for Science Technology and Research (A＊STAR) Singapore 627833 Singapore

In situ electron microscopy, tomography, photoluminescence, and X-ray absorption spectroscopy were utilized to monitor and explain the formation and growth of internal pores within ZnO nanorods. Careful examination using electron microscopy and tomography indicate that nanosized intemal pores start appearing within the individual solution-grown ZnO nanorods upon exposure to 200 ℃. The pore volume growth rate is proportional to the heat treatment time, indicating that the process is diffusion controlled, akin to a reverse Ostwald ripening-like process. A manageable pore growth rate of 1.4-4.4 nm^3·min^-1 was observed at 540 ℃, suggesting that the effective control over internal porosity can be achieved by carefully controlling the heat-treatment profile. Mechanistic studies using X-ray absorption spectroscopy indicated that the pore formation is linked to the significant reduction of the number of zinc vacancies after heat treatment. An optimum condition exists where most of the native surface defects are removed, while the bulk defects are contained within the internal pores. It is also demonstrated that the internal porosity can be exploited to improve the visible light absorption of ZnO. A combination of the lower defect density and improved light absorption of the heat-treated ZnO films thus lead to an increase in the photo- electrochemical response of more than 20× compared to that of the as-grown ZnO.

关键词： zinc oxide solution growth hydrothermal porosity photocatalysis photocurrent

Thermodynamics of clayedrug complex dispersions: Isothermal titration calorimetry and high-performance liquid chromatography

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Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis 2020年第1期10卷 78-85页

作者： Ana-Maria Totea Juan Sabin Irina Dorin Karl Hemming Peter R.Laity Barbara R.Conway laura Waters Kofi Asare-Addo School of Applied Sciences Department of PharmacyUniversity of HuddersfieldQueensgateHuddersfieldHD13DHUK AFFINImeter Edificio EmprendiaCampus VidaSantiago de CompostelaSpain Malvern Panalytical Ltd. MalvernUK School of Applied Sciences Department of ChemistryUniversity of HuddersfieldQueensgateHuddersfieldHD13DHUK Department of Materials Science and Engineering University of SheffieldSir Robert Hadfield BuildingMappin StreetSheffieldS13JDUK

An understanding of the thermodynamics of the complexation process utilized in sustaining drug release in clay matrices is of great *** characterisation techniques as well as isothermal calorimetry were utilized in investigating the adsorption process of a model cationic drug(diltiazem hydrochloride,DIL)onto a pharmaceutical clay system(magnesium aluminium silicate,MAS).X-ray powder diffraction(XRPD),attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(ATRFTIR)and optical microscopy confirmed the successful formation of the DIL-MAS *** quantification from the complexes demonstrated variable behaviour in the differing media used with DIL degrading to desacetyl diltiazem hydrochloride(DC-DIL)in the 2 M HCl *** also,the authors report for the first time two binding processes that occurred for DIL and MAS.A competitor binding model was thus proposed and the thermodynamics obtained suggested their binding processes to be enthalpy driven and entropically *** information is of great importance for a formulator as care and consideration should be given with appropriate media selection as well as the nature of binding in complexes.

关键词： Clay-drug complex dispersions Magnesium aluminium silicate Diltiazem hydrochloride Isothermal titration calorimetry High performance liquid chromatography

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走钢丝：对现代医学中过度诊断的沟通

英国医学杂志中文版 2016年第10期19卷 541-546页

作者： McCaffery Kirsten J Jansen Jesse Scherer laura D Thornton Hazel Hersch Jolyn Carter Stacy M Barratt Alexandra Sheridan Stacey Moynihan ray Waller Jo Brodersen John Pickles Kristen Edwards Adrian 吴东(译者) School of Public Health University of Sydney New South Wales 2006 Australia Department of Psychological Sciences University of Missouri Columbia USA Department of Health Sciences University of Leicester Leicester UK Centre for Values Ethics and the Law in MedicineUniversity of Sydney Division of General Medicine and Clinical Epidemiology School of Medicine University of North Carolina Chapel Hill USA Bond University Queensland Australia Epidemiology and Public Health University College London UK Research Unit and Section of General Practice Department of Public Health University of Copenhagen Denmark Primary Health Care Research Unit Zealand Region Denmark Division of Population Medicine School of Medicine Cardiff University UK 北京协和医院消化科

Kirsten McCaffery和同事们认为对于过度诊断进行沟通，可以促进公众、患者、医务人员、卫生管理人员从不同角度思考：怎样才能建设一个更加可持续的医疗保健系统。

关键词：现代医学过度诊断医护人员医疗卫生行业