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Performance of three rapid diagnostic tests for the detection of Cryptosporidium *** Giardia duodenalis in children with severe acute malnutrition and diarrhoea

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Infectious diseases of Poverty 2019年第6期8卷 76-83页

作者： Joseph Bitilinyu-Bangoh Wieger Voskuijl Johnstone Thitiri Sandra Meriting Nienke Verhaar laura Mwalekwa daisy B.de Jong Merlin van Loenen Petra f.Mens James A.Berkley Robert H.J.Bandsma Henk d.f.H.Schallig Academ ic Medical Centre Department of Medical MicrobiologyParasitology UnitAmsterdam University Medical CentresMeibergdreef 91105AZAmsterdamThe Netherlands Queen Elizabeth Central Hospital BlantyreMalawi College of Medicine Department of Paediatrics and Child HealthUniversity of MalawiBlantyreMalawi Global Child Health Group Emma Children's HospitalAmsterdam University Medical CentresAmsterdamThe Netherlands The Childhood Acute Illness and Nutrition Network(CHAIN) NairobiKenya KEMRIA/Vellcome Trust Research Programme KilifiKenya Translational Medicine Program Hospital for Sick ChildrenTorontoCanada

Background:There is significant need for accurate diagnostic tools for Cryptosporidium *** Qiordia duodenalis infections in resource limited countries where diarrhoeal disease caused by these parasites is often *** present study assessed the diagnostic performance of three commercially available rapid diagnostic tests(RdTs)based on faecal-antigen detection for Cryptosporidium ***/or *** infections in stool samples of children admitted with severe acute malnutrition(SAM)and *** established multiplex PCR was used as reference ***:Stool samples from children with SAM and diarrhoea enrolled in a randomized controlled trial(registered at ***/ct2/show/NCT02246296)in Malawi(n=175)and Kenya(n=120)between december 2014 and december 2015 were analysed by a multiplex PCR for the presence of Cryptosporidium sppv *** or Entomoebo histolytica parasite ***-positive samples were species typed using restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis.A sub-sample of the stool specimens(n=236)was used for testing with three different *** accuracy of the tests under evaluation was assessed using the results of PCR as reference standard using MedCalc *** Chi-square test and fisher's exact test were used to determine(significant)difference between the number of cryptosporidiosis or giardiasis cases found by PCR in Malawi and *** overall diagnostic accuracy of each RdT was calculated by plotting a receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve for each test and to determine the area under the curve(AUC)using SPSS8 ***:Prevalence of Cryptosporidium *** PCR was 20.0 and 21.7%in Malawi and Kenya respectively,mostly *** prevalence was 23.4 and 5.8%in Malawi and Kenya respectively.E histolytica was not detected by *** testing followed the same pattern of *** sensitivities ranged for cryptosporidiosis from 42.9 to 76.9%and for ***

关键词： diagnosis Cryptosporidium Giordio Rapid diagnostic test Severe acute malnutrition

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Counter-regulatory phosphatases TnaP and NPP1 temporally regulate tooth root cementogenesis

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International Journal of Oral Science 2015年第1期7卷 27-41页

作者： laura E Zweifler Mudita K Patel francisco H Nociti Jr Helen f Wimer Jose L Milln Martha J Somerman Brian L foster national Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin diseases (NIAMS) National Institutes of Health (NIH) department of Prosthodontics and Periodontics Division of Periodontics School of Dentistry Campinas State University department of Vertebrate Zoology National Museum of Natural History Smithsonian Institution Sanford Children’s Health Research Center Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute

Cementum is critical for anchoring the insertion of periodontal ligament fibers to the tooth root. Several aspects of cementogenesis remain unclear, including differences between acellular cementum and cellular cementum, and between cementum and bone. Biomineralization is regulated by the ratio of inorganic phosphate （Pi） to mineral inhibitor pyrophosphate （PPi）, where local Pi and PPi concentrations are controlled by phosphatases including tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase （TnaP） and ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 1 （NPP1）. The focus of this study was to define the roles of these phosphatases in cementogenesis. TnaP was associated with earliest cementoblasts near forming acellular and cellular cementum. With loss of TnaP in the Alpl null mouse, acellular cementum was inhibited, while cellular cementum production increased, albeit as hypomineralized cementoid. In contrast, NPP1 was detected in cementoblasts after acellular cementum formation, and at low levels around cellular cementum. Loss of NPP1 in the Enppl null mouse increased acellular cementum, with little effect on cellular cementum. developmental patterns were recapitulated in a mouse model for acellular cementum regeneration, with early TnaP expression and later NPP1 expression. In vitro, cementoblasts expressed Alpl gene/protein early, whereas Enppl gene/protein expression was significantly induced only under mineralization conditions. These patterns were confirmed in human teeth, including widespread TnaP, and NPP1 restricted to cementoblasts lining acellular cementum. These studies suggest that early TnaP expression creates a low PPi environment promoting acellular cementum initiation, while later NPP1 expression increases PPi, restricting acellular cementum apposition. Alterations in PPi have little effect on cellular cementum formation, though matrix mineralization is affected.

关键词： cementum bone ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase phosphodiesterase 1 periodontal ligament progressive ankylosis protein tissue-nonspecific aJkalJne phosphatase

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Comparative functional genomics identifies an iron-limited bottleneck in a Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain with a cytosolic-localized isobutanol pathway

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Synthetic and Systems Biotechnology 2022年第2期7卷 738-749页

作者： francesca V.Gambacorta Ellen R.Wagner Tyler B.Jacobson Mary Tremaine laura K.Muehlbauer Mick A.McGee Justin J.Baerwald Russell L.Wrobel John f.Wolters Mike Place Joshua J.dietrich dan Xie Jose Serate Shabda Gajbhiye Lisa Liu Maikayeng Vang-Smith Joshua J.Coon Yaoping Zhang Audrey P.Gasch daniel Amador-Noguez Chris Todd Hittinger Trey K.Sato Brian f.Pfleger dOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonWIUSA department of Chemical and Biological Engineering University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonWIUSA Laboratory of Genetics Center for Genomic Science InnovationUniversity of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonWIUSA department of Bacteriology University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonWIUSA department of Chemistry University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonWIUSA Wisconsin Energy Institute J.F.Crow Institute for the Study of EvolutionUniversity of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonWIUSA department of Biomolecular Chemistry University of Wisconsin-MadisonMadisonWIUSA

Metabolic engineering strategies have been successfully implemented to improve the production of isobutanol,a next-generation biofuel,in Saccharomyces ***,we explore how two of these strategies,pathway re-localization and redox cofactor-balancing,affect the performance and physiology of isobutanol producing *** equipped yeast with isobutanol cassettes which had either a mitochondrial or cytosolic localized isobutanol pathway and used either a redox-imbalanced(nadPH-dependent)or redox-balanced(nadH-dependent)ketol-acid reductoisomerase *** then conducted transcriptomic,proteomic and metabolomic analyses to elucidate molecular differences between the engineered *** localization had a large effect on isobutanol production with the strain expressing the mitochondrial-localized enzymes producing 3.8-fold more isobutanol than strains expressing the cytosolic ***-balancing did not improve isobutanol titers and instead the strain with the redox-imbalanced pathway produced 1.5-fold more isobutanol than the balanced version,albeit at low overall pathway *** genomic analyses suggested that the poor performances of the cytosolic pathway strains were in part due to a shortage in cytosolic fe-S clusters,which are required cofactors for the dihydroxyacid dehydratase *** then demonstrated that this cofactor limitation may be partially recovered by disrupting iron homeostasis with a fra2 mutation,thereby increasing cellular iron *** resulting isobutanol titer of the fra2 null strain harboring a cytosolic-localized isobutanol pathway outperformed the strain with the mitochondrial-localized pathway by 1.3-fold,demonstrating that both localizations can support flux to isobutanol.

关键词： Saccharomyces cerevisiae Isobutanol functional genomics analysis Pathway localization fe incorporation

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Validation of a radioimmunoassay-based fecal corticosteroid assay for Richardson＇s ground squirrels Urocitellus richardsonii and behavioural correlates of stress

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Current Zoology 2014年第5期60卷 591-601页

作者： James f. HARE Calen R RYAN Chris ENRIGHT laura E. GARdINER Lindsay J SKYNER Charlene N. BERKVENS W. Gary ANdERSON department of Biological Sciences University of Manitoba Winnipeg MB Canada R3T 2N2 Assiniboine Park Zoo Winnipeg MB Canada R3R 2N7 Present Address: School of Applied Science Bay of Plenty Polytechnic Tauranga 3112 New Zealand

We validated a radioimmunoassay-based method quantifying fecal glucocorticoid metabolites (fGMs) from captive male and female Richardson’s ground squirrelsUrocitellus richardsonii. Blood samples were drawn to explore the correlation between plasma cortisol and fGM concentrations. We also injected groups of squirrels with normal saline (CTL; control), adre-nocorticotropic hormone (ACTH; stimulating adrenal activity), or dexamethasone (dEX; suppressing adrenal activity). Potential correlations between stress and behaviour were explored through quantification of fecal pellet production and the intervention necessary to elicit defecation, as well as the behaviour of subjects in the context of handling. Changes in plasma cortisol concentration between capture (baseline), and following handling (stress-induced) were also quantified for free-living squirrels. While glucocorticoid concentrations recovered from feces during our captive-animal study were not well correlated with plasma cortisol concentrations, and uncorrelated with defecation or behaviour, fGM concentrations did reflect the activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. fGM concentrations increased significantly during initial captivity, but declined to baseline level as individuals acclimated to the novel environment. Injection of subjects with ACTH increased fGMs above baseline, confirming activation of the HPA axis. Plasma cortisol concentrations increased significantly with induced stress, indicating that capture and handling activated the glucocorticoid stress response even among previously handled, free-living subjects. Our findings validate a non-invasive tool that will afford new insight into the physiological processes underlying social, reproductive and antipredator behaviour of Richardson’s ground squirrels.

关键词：糖皮质激素放射免疫法行为松鼠粪便验证基础 Richardson

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forage offering and seasonal intake comparisons to evaluate European rabbit threat in Nothofagus forests of southern Patagonia

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Ecological Processes 2022年第1期11卷 604-617页

作者： Alejandro Huertas Herrera Mónica Toro‑Manríquez laura Borrelli María Vanessa Lencinas Guillermo Martínez Pastur Centro de Investigación en Ecosistemas de la Patagonia(CIEP) Camino Baguales s/n Km 4CoyhaiqueChile Ulterarius Consultores Ambientales y Científicos Ltda. Ignacio Serrano 420CoyhaiqueChile Instituto nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria(INTA) EEA BarilocheModesta Victoria 44508400 San Carlos de BarilocheRío NegroArgentina Laboratorio de Recursos Agroforestales Centro Austral de Investigaciones Científicas(CADIC)Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas(CONICET)Houssay 2009410 UshuaiaTierra del FuegoArgentina.

Background:The European rabbit(Oryctolagus cuniculus L.1758)was introduced into different regions of the world,generating significant trade‑offs that critically impacted native ***,we evaluate the rabbit’s forage intakes in three vegetation types(forests,shrublands,and grasslands)along the four seasons in a temperate forest landscape in Southern Patagonia and discuss the potential threats over native *** formulated the following questions:(i)what is the forage offer at each vegetation type?(ii)what is the rabbit’s forage intake and how it varied across the seasons along the year?and(iii)which vegetation types and plant life forms were more used according to the rabbit’s forage intakes?Methods:We censused understory vegetation to characterize the forage offer at each vegetation type and determined seasonal dietary intakes using microhistological analysis of *** plant species identified in the field were grouped according to life form classes(tree regeneration,shrubs,forbs,graminoids,orchids,ferns,bryophytes,and hemiparasites).data were analysed through uni‑and multi‑variate analyses,determining relationships between forage offer and the rabbit’s forage ***:forage intakes revealed changes in plant life form consumption across vegetation types,where intake pressure was considerably different for tree regeneration(p=0.001),graminoids(p=0.001),and hemiparasites(p=0.001).Besides,significant changes in consumption among seasons were detected for shrubs(p=0.001),ferns(p=0.030),and hemiparasites(p=0.002).Although many species play an important role in the rabbit’s forage intake networks(e.g.,Chiliotrichum diffusum,Holcus lanatus),the strongest intake linkages were found in exotic grasses(e.g.,Poa pratensis and festuca sp.),native hemiparasites(e.g.,Misodendrum sp.),native shrubs(e.g.,Empetrum rubrum),and native trees(e.g.,Nothofagus sp.).The summer and autumn seasons presented higher intake compared to the winter and spring seasons.f

关键词： forest ecology Oryctolagus cuniculus Plant-animal interaction Vegetation type Herbivory Habitat use

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The multifaceted potential of the lipid transmitter oleoylethanolamide to treat alcohol-induced neuroinflammation and alcohol use disorders

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Neural Regeneration Research 2020年第1期15卷 71-72页

作者： laura Orio department of Psychobiology and Methods in Behavioural Sciences Complutense University of Madrid

Is there a need for new pharmacotherapies to treat alcohol use disorders(AUds)?AUd is a highly prevalent condition in the world population that causes medical,psychological,personal,social and economic *** most severe dimension of AUds is alcohol dependence,a condition in which individuals lose control over alcohol intake despite the negative *** some medications have been approved for this purpose,existing pharmacotherapies are not effective for all people due to the heterogeneity of *** approved medications include:disulfiram(Antabuse^?),which induces an aversion to drink by increasing alcohol metabolism-derived acetaldehyde;naltrexone(ReVia^?,Vivitrol^?),a competitive opioid antagonist forμ-receptors that decreases heavy drinking and prevents relapse;Acamprosate(Campral^?),an indirect partial agonist at N-methyl-d-aspartic acid glutamate receptors and antagonist at metabotropic glutamate receptors that is used to prevent relapse in detoxified alcoholics.

关键词： metabolism inflammation alcohol

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Tango Controls and data pipeline for petawatt laser experiments

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High Power Laser Science and Engineering 2023年第4期11卷 2-8页

作者： Nils Weiße Leonard doyle Johannes Gebhard felix Balling florian Schweiger florian Haberstroh laura d.Geulig Jinpu Lin faran Irshad Jannik Esslinger Sonja Gerlach Max Gilljohann Vignesh Vaidyanathan dennis Siebert Andreas Münzer Gregor Schilling Jörg Schreiber Peter G.Thirolf Stefan Karsch Andreas döpp Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München GarchingGermany

The Centre for Advanced Laser Applications in Garching,Germany,is home to the ATLAS-3000 multi-petawatt laser,dedicated to research on laser particle acceleration and its applications.A control system based on Tango Controls is implemented for both the laser and four experimental *** device server approach features high modularity,which,in addition to the hardware control,enables a quick extension of the system and allows for automated data acquisition of the laser parameters and experimental data for each laser *** this paper we present an overview of our implementation of the control system,as well as our advances in terms of experimental operation,online supervision and data *** also give an outlook on advanced experimental supervision and online data evaluation–where the data can be processed in a pipeline–which is being developed on the basis of this infrastructure.

关键词： data processing high-power laser experiments laser-plasma acceleration online diagnostics

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Assessment of the anterior spinal artery and the artery of Adamkiewicz using multi-detector CT angiography

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Chinese Medical Journal 2009年第2期122卷 145-149页

作者： ZHAO Shao-hong, laura Logan Pamela Schraedley Geoffrey d. Rubin department of Radiology Chinese PLA General Hospital Beijing 100853 China department of Radiology Stanford University Medical Center Room S-072B Stanford CA 94305-5105 USA

Background damage to the spinal cord after the treatment of the descending thoracic and thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysms is an uncommon but devastating complication. The artery of Adamkiewicz （AKA） is the principal arterial supply of the anterior spinal artery （ASA） in the lower thoracic and lumbar level. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the visualization of the anterior spinal artery and the artery of Adamkiewicz, the affecting factors for the detection rate using multi-detector row CT （MdCT）. Methods Ninety-nine consecutive patients （31 women and 68 men; age range, 25-90 years; average age 61.3 years）, with suspicion for thoracic aortic lesions necessitating surgical intervention （31 aortic aneurysm, 45 dissection, 5 intramural hematoma, and 18 normal）, underwent CT angiography from the aortic arch to the aortic bifurcation. Transverse sections, multiplanar reformations and thin maximum intensity projections were used to assess the ASA and AKA. The level of the ASA and AKA origins and CT acquisition parameters were recorded. The contrast-to-noise ratio of the image, an index of the mass of the Tll body （vertebral mass index）, the subcutaneous fat thickness, and the CT value within the aortic arch and at the Tll level were measured. The detection of the ASA and AKA were evaluated relative to the acquisition parameters, scan characteristics, and aortic lesion type. differences were assessed with the Wilcoxon rank-sum and t tests. Results The ASA was visualized in 51 patients （52%） and the AKA in 18 patients （18%）. The ASA was identified in 36/67 patients （54%） with 1.25 mm thickness and in 15/32 patients （47%） with 2.5-3.0 mm thickness. This difference did not achieve significance （P=0.13）. The detection rate of the ASA and the AKA was influenced by the vertebral mass index and the contrast-to-noise ratio （P〈0.05）. The amount of subcutaneous fat affected the detection rate of the ASA （P 〈0.05） but not the AKA. In CT scans of ASA detection, the mean CT valu

关键词： aneurysm anterior spinal artery syndrome tomography, X-ray computed angiography artery of Adamkiewicz

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dynamic contrast enhanced ultrasound in gastrointestinal diseases:A current trend or an indispensable tool?

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2023年第25期29卷 4021-4035页

作者： Mattia Paratore Matteo Garcovich Maria Elena Ainora laura Riccardi Antonio Gasbarrini Maria Assunta Zocco Medicina Interna e Gastroenterologia CEMAD Digestive Disease CenterFondazione Policlinico Universitario A.Gemelli IRCCSRome 00168Italy Medicina Interna e Gastroenterologia CEMAD Digestive Disease CenterUniversità Cattolica del Sacro CuoreFondazione Policlinico Universitario A.Gemelli IRCCSRome 00168Italy

Contrast enhanced ultrasound(CEUS)has been widely implemented in clinical practice because of the enormous quantity of information it provides,along with its low cost,reproducibility,minimal invasiveness,and safety of the secondgeneration ultrasound contrast *** overcome the limitation of CEUS given by the subjective evaluation of the contrast enhancement behaviour,quantitative analysis of contrast kinetics with generation of time-intensity curves has been introduced in recent *** quantification of perfusion parameters[named as dynamic-CEUS(d-CEUS)]has several applications in gastrointestinal neoplastic and inflammatory ***,the limited availability of large studies and the heterogeneity of the technologies employed have precluded the standardisation of d-CEUS,which potentially represents a valuable tool for clinical practice in management of gastrointestinal *** this article,we reviewed the evidence exploring the application of d-CEUS in gastrointestinal diseases,with a special focus on liver,pancreas,and inflammatory bowel diseases.

关键词： Quantitative perfusion analysis Gastrointestinal diseases Time-intensity curve Multiparametric ultrasound

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Axonal degeneration in the anterior insular cortex is associated with Alzheimer’s co-pathology in Parkinson’s disease and dementia with Lewy bodies

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Translational Neurodegeneration 2022年第1期11卷 129-147页

作者： Yasmine Y.fathy laura E.Jonkman John J.Bol Evelien Timmermans Allert J.Jonker Annemieke J.M.Rozemuller Wilma d.J.van de Berg Amsterdam UMC Department of Anatomy and NeurosciencesSection Clinical Neuroanatomy and BiobankingAmsterdam NeuroscienceVrije University AmsterdamO|2 Life Sciences buildingDe Boelelaan 11081081 HZ Amster-damNetherlands Amsterdam Neuroscience Program NeurodegenerationAmsterdamthe Netherlands Amsterdam UMC Department of Pathol-ogyAmsterdam NeuroscienceVrije University AmsterdamDe BoelelaanAmsterdamNetherlands department of Neurology Erasmus Medical CenterPostbus 20403000 CA RotterdamNetherlands.

Background:Axons,crucial for impulse transmission and cellular trafficking,are thought to be primary targets of neurodegeneration in Parkinson’s disease(Pd)and dementia with Lewy bodies(dLB).Axonal degeneration occurs early,preceeding and exceeding neuronal loss,and contributes to the spread of pathology,yet is poorly described outside the nigrostriatal *** insula,a cortical brain hub,was recently discovered to be highly vulnerable to pathology and plays a role in cognitive deficits in Pd and *** aim of this study was to evaluate morphological features as well as burden of proteinopathy and axonal degeneration in the anterior insular sub-regions in Pd,Pd with dementia(Pdd),and ***:α-Synuclein,phosphorylated(p-)tau,and amyloid-βpathology load were evaluated in the anterior insular(agranular and dysgranular)subregions of post-mortem human brains(n=27).Axonal loss was evaluated using modified Bielschowsky silver staining and quantified using *** damage was comprehensively studied using immunofluorescent multi-labelling and 3d confocal laser-scanning ***:Compared to Pd and Pdd,dLB showed significantly higherα-synuclein and p-tau pathology load,argyrophilic grains,and more severe axonal loss,particularly in the anterior agranular ***,the dysgranular insula showed a significantly higher load of amyloid-βpathology and its axonal density correlated with cognitive performance.p-Tau contributed most to axonal loss in the dLB group,was highest in the anterior agranular insula and significantly correlated with CdR global scores for *** and myelin showed degenerative changes including swellings,demyelination,and detachment of the axon-myelin ***:Our results highlight the selective vulnerability of the anterior insular sub-regions to various converging pathologies,leading to impaired axonal integrity in Pd,Pdd and dLB,disrupting their functional properties and potentially con

关键词： α-Synuclein Insular subregions Axonal length density Alzheimer’s disease pathology Neurofilament Myelin

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