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eeG/eRP evidence of possible hyperexcitability in older adults with elevated beta-amyloid

Translational Neurodegeneration 2022年第1期11卷 835-844页

作者： Hannes Devos Kathleen Gustafson Ke Liao Pedram Ahmadnezhad Bradley estes laura e.martin Jonathan D.Mahnken William M.Brooks Jeffrey M.Burns Department of Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Scienceand Athletic TrainingUniversity of Kansas Medical CenterKansas CityKS 66160USA Department of Neurology University of Kansas Medical CenterKansas CityKS 66160USA Hoglund Biomedical Imaging Center University of Kansas Medical CenterKansas CityKS 66160USA Department of Population Health University of Kansas Medical CenterKansas CityKS 66160USA Department of Biostatistics and Data Science University of Kansas Medical CenterKansas CityKS 66160USA University of Kansas Alzheimer’s Disease Center University of Kansas Medical CenterKansas CityKS 66160USA.

Background: Although growing evidence links beta-amyloid (Aβ) and neuronal hyperexcitability in preclinical mouse models of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), a similar association in humans is yet to be established. The first aim of the study was to determine the association between elevated Aβ (Aβ+) and cognitive processes measured by the P3 event-related potential (eRP) in cognitively normal (CN) older adults. The second aim was to compare the event- related power between CNAβ+ and CNAβ−. Methods: Seventeen CNAβ+ participants (age: 73 ± 5, 11 females, Montreal Cognitive Assessment [MoCA] score 26 ± 2) and 17 CNAβ- participants group-matched for age, sex, and MOCA completed a working memory task (n-back with n = 0, 1, 2) test while wearing a 256-channel electro-encephalography net. P3 peak amplitude and latency of the target, nontarget and task difference effect (nontarget−target), and event-related power in the delta, theta, alpha, and beta bands, extracted from Fz, Cz, and Pz, were compared between groups using linear mixed models. P3 ampli-tude of the task difference effect at Fz and event-related power in the delta band were considered main outcomes. Correlations of mean Aβ standard uptake value ratios (SUVR) using positron emission tomography with P3 amplitude and latency of the task difference effect were analyzed using Pearson Correlation Coefficient r. Results: The P3 peak amplitude of the task difference effect at Fz was lower in the CNAβ+ group (P = 0.048). Simi-larly, power was lower in the delta band for nontargets at Fz in the CNAβ+ participants (P = 0.04). The CNAβ+ partici-pants also demonstrated higher theta and alpha power in channels at Cz and Pz, but no changes in P3 eRP. Strong correlations were found between the mean Aβ SUVR and the latency of the 1-back (r = − 0.69;P = 0.003) and 2-back (r = − 0.69;P = 0.004) of the task difference effect at channel Fz in the CNAβ+ group. Conclusions: Our data suggest that the elevated amyloid in cognitively normal ol

关键词： event-related potentials electro-encephalography Working memory Older adults Preclinical Beta-amyloid

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Toxicity of a seafood toxin， domoic acid， in the retina via modulation of the NRF2 and NF-κB pathways

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Food Science and Human Wellness 2024年

作者： Gabriel Mbuta Tchivelekete Yanqun Cao Mohammad Almarhoun Xinzhi Zhou Agostinho Francisco Cachapa Sebasti?o Tumitangua James Reilly Patricia e.martin Xinhua Shu Department of Biological and Biomedical Sciences Glasgow Caledonian University Department of Marine Biology Faculty of Natural Science University of Namibe Puai Medical School Shaoyang University Department of Vision Science Glasgow Caledonian University

Domoic acid (DA)， a biotoxin， is produced by several species of marine dinoflagellate and diatom during harmful algal bloom events. DA is a neurotoxin， in humans and non-human primates， oral exposure to DA results in gastrointestinal effects， while DA at higher doses leads to neurological symptoms， seizures and memory deficiency. exposure of humans to DA occurs mainly through consumption of contaminated seafoods containing an accumulation of the toxin. Previously， it was unclear if DA can have toxic effects on the retina. We assessed the toxicity of DA in human retinal cells (ARPe-19) and in zebrafish embryos. DA significantly lowered ARPe-19 cell viability dose-dependently， and decreased anti-oxidative capacity， increased inflammation， and promoted cell death， possibly through modulating the NRF2 and NF-κB signalling pathways. Zebrafish embryos exposed to DA for four days from one day post fertilization (dpf) had an increase in mortality and a decrease in both hatching and heartbeat rate and exhibited morphological abnormalities. DA treatment also significantly downregulated expression of antioxidant genes and upregulated expression of inflammation mediators， as well as causing photoreceptor death in zebrafish embryos. The results demonstrate that consuming seafood containing DA will have potential toxic effects in human retinas.

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Identific tion of quantitative trait loci and associated candidate genes for pregnancy success in Angus–Brahman crossbred heifers

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2024年第1期15卷 162-170页

作者： Quinn A.Hoorn Gabriel A.Zayas eduardo e.Rodriguez laura M.Jensen Raluca G.Mateescu Peter J.Hansen Department of Animal Sciences Donald Henry Barron Reproductive and Perinatal Biology Research Programand the Genetics InstituteUniversity of FloridaGainesvilleFLUSA School of Applied Systems Biology La Trobe UniversityBundooraVIC 3083Australia

Background In beef cattle, more than 50% of the energy input to produce a unit of beef is consumed by the female that produced the calf. Development of genomic tools to identify females with high genetic merit for reproductive function could increase the profitability and sustainability of beef *** Genome-wide association studies(GWAS) were performed using a single-step genomic best linear unbiased prediction approach on pregnancy outcome traits from a population of Angus–Brahman crossbred heifers. Furthermore, a validation GWAS was performed using data from another farm. Heifers were genotyped with the Bovine GGP F250 array that contains 221,077 SNPs. In the discovery population, heifers were bred in winter breeding seasons involving a single round of timed artificial insemination(AI) followed by natural mating for 3 months. Two phenotypes were analyzed: pregnancy outcome to first-service AI(PAI;n = 1,481) and pregnancy status at the end of the breeding season(PeBS;n = 1,725). The heritability was estimated as 0.149 and 0.122 for PAI and PeBS, respectively. In the PAI model, one quantitative trait locus(QTL), located between 52.3 and 52.5 Mb on BTA7, explained about 3% of the genetic variation, in a region containing a cluster of γ-protocadherin genes and SLC25A2. Other QTLs explaining between 0.5% and 1% of the genetic variation were found on BTA12 and 25. In the PeBS model, a large QTL on BTA7 was synonymous with the QTL for PAI, with minor QTLs located on BTA5, 9, 10, 11, 19, and 20. The validation population for pregnancy status at the end of the breeding season were Angus–Brahman crossbred heifers bred by natural mating. In concordance with the discovery population, the large QTL on BTA7 and QTLs on BTA10 and 12 were *** In summary, QTLs and candidate SNPs identified were associated with pregnancy outcomes in beef heifers, including a large QTL associated with a group of protocadherin genes. Confirmation of these associations

关键词： Beef cattle Fertility GWAS QTL

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Does MgSO_(4) protect the preterm brain?Dissecting its role in the pathophysiology of hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第9期19卷 1861-1862页

作者： Robert Galinsky laura Bennet Alistair J.Gunn The Ritchie Centre Hudson Institute of Medical ResearchMelbourneVICAustralia Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Monash UniversityMelbourneVICAustralia Department of Physiology The University of AucklandAucklandNew Zealand

Mitigating preterm encephalopathy continues to be one of the greatest challenges in perinatal *** encephalopathy is associated with high mortality,serious morbidity,and significant socio-economic impacts on the individuals,their families,and public health sectors and welfare systems that last a *** cost of disability associated with preterm brain injury continues to *** of this injury,and disability,would significantly reduce this socioeconomic burden.

关键词： encephalopathy mortality hypoxic

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Dynamic convergent shock compression initiated by return current in high-intensity laser-solid interactions

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Matter and Radiation at extremes 2024年第4期9卷 40-53页

作者： Long Yang martin Rehwald Thomas Kluge Alejandro LasoGarcia Toma Toncian Karl Zeil Ulrich Schramm Thomas e.Cowan Lingen Huang Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf 01328 DresdenGermany Technische Universitat Dresden 01062 DresdenGermany

We investigate the dynamics of convergent shock compression in solid cylindrical targets irradiated by an ultrafast relativistic laser *** particle-in-cell simulations and coupled hydrodynamic simulations reveal that the compression process is initiated by both magnetic pressure and surface ablation associated with a strong transient surface return current with density of the order of 10^(17) A/m^(2) and lifetime of 100 *** results show that the dominant compression mechanism is governed by the plasma β,i.e.,the ratio of thermal pressure to magnetic *** targets with small radius and low atomic number Z,the magnetic pressure is the dominant shock compression *** to a scaling law,as the target radius and Z increase,the surface ablation pressure becomes the main mechanism generating convergent ***,an indirect experimental indication of shocked hydrogen compression is provided by optical shadowgraphy measurements of the evolution of the plasma expansion *** results presented here provide a novel basis for the generation of extremely high pressures exceeding Gbar(100 TPa)to enable the investigation of high-pressure physics using femtosecond J-level laser pulses,offering an alternative to nanosecond kJ-laser pulse-driven and pulsed power Z-pinch compression methods.

关键词： shock convergent return

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Association between baseline levels of muscular strength and risk of stroke in later life:The Cooper Center Longitudinal Study

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第5期13卷 642-649页

作者： Stephen W.Farrell David Leonard Qing Li Carolyn e.Barlow Kerem Shuval Jarett D.Berry Andjelka Pavlovic laura F.DeFina Research Division The Cooper InstituteDallasTX 75230USA Department of Internal Medicine University of Texas at Tyler School of MedicineTylerTX 75799USA

Background:Muscular strength is an important component of physical *** evaluated the relationship between baseline muscular strength and risk of stroke among adults who were aged≥65 years during ***:We included 7627 healthy adults(mean age=43.9 years,86.0%male)underwent a baseline physical examination between 1980 and *** strength was determined by 1-repetition maximum measures for bench press and leg press and categorized into age-and sex-specific tertiles for each *** fitness(CRF)was assessed via a maximal treadmill exercise *** enrolled in fee-for-service Medicare from 1999 to 2019 were included in the *** between baseline strength and stroke outcomes were estimated using a modified Cox proportional hazards *** a secondary analysis,we examined stroke risk by categories of CRF where Quintile 1=low,Quintiles 2-3=moderate,and Quintiles 4-5=high CRF based on age and ***:After 70,072 person-years of Medicare follow-up,there were 1211 earliest indications of incident *** multivariable analyses,the hazard ratio(95%confidence interval(95%CI))for stroke across bench press categories were 1.0(referent),0.96(0.83-1.11),and 0.89(0.77-1.04),respectively(p trend=0.14).The trend across categories of leg press was also non-significant(p trend=0.79).Adjusted hazard ratio(95%CI)for stroke across ordered CRF categories were 1.0(referent),0.90(0.71-1.13),and 0.72(0.57-0.92)(p trende meeting public health guidelines for muscular strengthening activities is likely to improve muscular strength as well as many health outcomes in older adults,performing such activities may not be helpful in preventing ***,meeting guidelines for aerobic activity is likely to improve CRF and lower stroke risk.

关键词： Cardiorespiratory fitness Medicare Muscular strength Stroke

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Differential roles of seed and sprout regeneration in forest diversity and productivity after disturbance

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Forest ecosystems 2024年第3期11卷 371-380页

作者： Marek Mejstrík martin Svatek martina Pollastrini martin Sramek Radim Matula Department of Forest ecology Faculty of Forestry and Wood SciencesCzech University of Life Sciences PragueKamýcka 12916500PragueCzech Republic Department of Forest Botany Dendrology and GeobiocoenologyFaculty of Forestry and Wood TechnologyMendel University in BrnoZemedelska 361300BrnoCzech Republic Department of Agriculture FoodEnvironment and ForestryUniversity of FirenzePiazzale Delle Cascine 2850144FirenzeItaly

Natural regeneration after disturbances is a key phase of forest development,which determines the trajectory of successional changes in tree species composition and *** trees can originate from either seeds or sprouts produced by disturbed trees with sprouting *** both regeneration strategies often develop and co-occur after a disturbance,they tend to affect forest development differently due to significant functional ***,the origin of tree regeneration is rarely distinguished in post-disturbance forest surveys and ecological studies,and the differential roles of seed and sprout regeneration in forest productivity and diversity remain poorly *** address these research gaps,we explored the role of sprout and seed regeneration in the formation of woody species diversity and above-ground biomass(AGB)productivity in early-stage forest *** were collected in two experimental forest stands in the Czech Republic,where trees were cut with varying intensities with the density of residual(uncut)trees ranging from 0 to 275 trees per *** trees were mapped and their sizes were measured before cutting and then,either as a stump with sprouts or a residual tree,remeasured 11 years *** addition,all tree saplings were mapped and measured 11 years after logging,and their origin(sprout or seed)was *** assess abundances and productivity,we estimated AGB of all2,685 sprouting stumps of 19 woody species and 504 generative(i.e.,seed origin)individuals of 16 woody species,using allometric ***-effects models were used to analyze the effects of each regeneration strategy on woody species diversity and the total AGB under varying densities of residual *** multidimensional scaling was used to evaluate the effect of regeneration strategies on species *** and diversity of sprouts were significantly higher than those of seed *** formed on average97.1%of

关键词： Resprouting Seeding Residual trees Tree diversity Above-ground biomass

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Applicability limits of the DAX test in plastic bonded explosives

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Defence Technology（防务技术） 2024年第6期36卷 64-70页

作者： martin Künzel Jindrich Kucera Jiri Pachman OZM Research Bliznovice 32Hrochuv Tynec 53862Czech Republic Institute of energetic Materials Faculty of Chemical TechnologyUniversity of PardubiceStudentska 95Pardubice 53210Czech Republic

The Disc Acceleration e Xperiment(DAX)is one of the most recent experimental methods of performance characterization of new energetic materials.A cylindrical explosive charge accelerates a thin metallic disc and its velocity is measured continuously using photonic Doppler *** detonation velocity is measured *** DAX test can be used to obtain the Chapman-Jouguet(CJ)detonation pressure and to describe detonation products expansion using reduced amount of explosive.A series of DAX tests was performed at various charge diameters and disc thicknesses with Semtex 1 A plastic bonded explosive and sensitized *** DAX-like evaluation was also applied to previously measured data of Semtex 1A and A-IX-1 *** optimum disc thickness is determined by the disc to explosive mass ratio of *** repeatability of the Semtex 1 A detonation pressure results is about four times lower compared to the pressed and liquid explosives.

关键词： Flyer plate Detonation pressure Photonic Doppler velocimetry Semtex

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Attenuated retinoic acid signaling is among the early responses in mouse uterus approaching embryo attachment

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生殖与发育医学(英文) 2024年第1期08卷 61-65页

作者： Diao Honglu Xiao Shuo Zhou Tong martin Taylor e. Watford Wendy T. Ye Xiaoqin Department of Infectious Diseases Department of Physiology and Pharmacology College of Veterinary Medicine 3. University of Georgia 4. Athens 5. GA 30602 6. USA Department of Physiology and Cell Biology University of Nevada 9. Reno School of Medicine 10. Reno 11. NV 89557

The uterus is transiently receptive for embryo implantation. It remains to be understood why the uterus does not reject a semi-allogeneic embryo (to the biological mother) or an allogeneic embryo (to a surrogate) for implantation. To gain insights, we examined uterine early response genes approaching embryo attachment on day 3 post coitum (D3) at 22 hours when blue dye reaction, an indication of embryo attachment, had not manifested in mice. C57BL/6 pseudo-pregnant (control) and pregnant mouse uteri were collected on D3 at 22 hours for microarray analysis. The self-assembling-manifold (SAM) algorithm identified 21,858 unique probesets. Principal component analysis indicated a clear separation between the pseudo-pregnant and pregnant groups. There were 106 upregulated and five downregulated protein-coding genes in the pregnant uterus with fold change (fc) >1.5 andq value ene ontology (GO) analysis of the 106 upregulated genes revealed 38 significant GO biological process (GOBP) terms (P em were associated with immune responses, with a dominant natural killer (NK) cell activation signature. Among the top eight upregulated protein-coding genes,Cyp26a1 inactivates retinoic acid (RA) whileLrat promotes vitamin A storage, both of which are expected to attenuate RA bioavailability;Atp6v0d2 andGjb2 play roles in ion transport and transmembrane transport;Gzmb,Gzmc, andIl2rb are involved in immune responses; andTdo2 is important for kynurenine pathway. Most of these genes or their related pathways have functions in immune regulations. RA signaling has been implicated in immune tolerance and immune homeostasis, and uterine NK cells have been implicated in immunotolerance at the maternal-fetal interface in the placenta. The mechanisms of immune responses approaching embryo attachment remain to be elucidated. The coordinated effects of the early response genes may hold the keys to the question of why the uterus does not reject an implanting embryo

关键词： embryo attachment Pseudo-pregnant uterus Pregnant uterus Natural killer cell activation signature Retinoic acid bioavailability Transmembrane transport and ion transport

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Convergent Data-Driven Regularizations for CT Reconstruction

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Communications on Applied Mathematics and Computation 2024年第2期6卷 1342-1368页

作者： Samira Kabri Alexander Auras Danilo Riccio Harmut Bauermeister martin Benning Michael Moeller martin Burger Helmholtz Imaging Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESYNotkestr.8522607 HamburgGermany Institute for Vision and Graphics University of SiegenAdolf-Reichwein-StraBe 2a57076 SiegenGermany School of Mathematical Sciences Queen Mary University of LondonMile End RoadLondon E14NSUK The Alan Turing Institute British Library96 Euston RdLondon NW12DBUK Fachbereich Mathematik Universitat HamburgBundesstrasse 5520146 HamburgGermany

The reconstruction of images from their corresponding noisy Radon transform is a typical example of an ill-posed linear inverse problem as arising in the application of computerized tomography(CT).As the(naive)solution does not depend on the measured data continuously,regularization is needed to reestablish a continuous *** this work,we investigate simple,but yet still provably convergent approaches to learning linear regularization methods from *** specifically,we analyze two approaches:one generic linear regularization that learns how to manipulate the singular values of the linear operator in an extension of our previous work,and one tailored approach in the Fourier domain that is specific to *** prove that such approaches become convergent regularization methods as well as the fact that the reconstructions they provide are typically much smoother than the training data they were trained ***,we compare the spectral as well as the Fourier-based approaches for CT-reconstruction numerically,discuss their advantages and disadvantages and investigate the effect of discretization errors at differentresolutions.

关键词： Inverse problems Regularization Computerized tomography(CT) Machine learning

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