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Structural and functional aspects of the Helicobacter pylori secretome

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第6期20卷 1402-1423页

作者： Giuseppe Zanotti laura Cendron Department of Biomedical Sciences University of Padua Department of Biology University of Padua

Proteins secreted by Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori), an important human pathogen responsible for severe gastric diseases, are reviewed from the point of view of their biochemical characterization, both functional and structural. Despite the vast amount of experimental data available on the proteins secreted by this bacterium, the precise size of the secretome remains unknown. In this review, we consider as secreted both proteins that contain a secretion signal for the periplasm and proteins that have been detected in the external medium in in vitro experiments. In this way, H. pylori’s secretome appears to be composed of slightly more than 160 proteins, but this number must be considered very cautiously, not only because the definition of secretome itself is ambiguous but also because the included proteins were observed as secreted in in vitro experiments that were not representative of the environmental situation in vivo. The proteins that appear to be secreted can be grouped into different classes: enzymes (48 proteins), outer membrane proteins (43), components of flagella (11), members of the cytotoxic-associated genes pathogenicity island or other toxins (8 and 5, respectively), binding and transport proteins (9), and others (11). A final group, which includes 28 members, is represented by hypothetical uncharacterized proteins. Despite the large amount of data accumulated on the H. pylori secretome, a considerable amount of work remains to reach a full comprehension of the system at the molecular level.

关键词： Helicobacter pylori Secreted proteins Periplasmic space Secretion signal Secretome

Applying Gregory Johnson’s Concepts of Scalar Stress to Scale and Information Thresholds in Holocene Social Evolution

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Journal of Social Computing 2022年第1期3卷 38-56页

作者： laura J.Ellyson the Department of Anthropology Washington State UniversityPullmanWA 99163USA Terrestrial Archaeology Division SEARCH Inc.PensacolaFL 32503USA.

Although Gregory Johnson’s models have influenced social theory in archaeology,few have applied or built upon these models to predict aspects of social organization,group size,or *** have been limited to small case ***,the relationship between a society’s scale and its information-processing capacities has been explored using the Seshat ***,I apply multiple-linear regression analysis to the Seshat data using Turchin and colleagues’9“complexity characteristics”(CCs)to further examine the relationship between the hierarchy CC and the remaining 8 CCs which include both aspects of a polity’s scale and aspects of what Kohler et ***“collective computation”.The results support Johnson’s ideas that stratification will generally increase with increases in a polity’s scale(population,territory);however,stratification is also higher when polities increase their developments in information-processing variables such as texts.

关键词： hierarchy scalar stress Seshat Databank multiple imputation multiple regression

Sensitivity analysis of sediment flux derived by laser diffraction and acoustic backscatter within a reservoir

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International Journal of Sediment Research 2018年第1期33卷 18-26页

作者： Stefan Haun laura Lizano Institute for Modelling Hydraulic and Environmental Systems University of Stuttgart Department of Hydraulic and Environmental Engineering Norwegian University of Science and Technology Ministry of Environment and Energy

A combination of two indirect methods to measure sediment flux is presented in this study to evaluate suspended sediment transport in a hydropower reservoir. The acoustic backscatter signal(ABS)from an Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler(ADCP) is therefore applied in pre-defined transects within the reservoir in combination with a Laser In-Situ Scattering Transmissometry-stream lined device(LISSTSL). The stationary LISST-SL derived suspended sediment concentration(SSC) measurements are used to calibrate the ABS. From the LISST-SL measurements a time series of SSC is obtained. This enables, in addition, a comprehensive data analysis to evaluate the influence of natural fluctuations of the SSC on the calculated sediment flux, which should be taken into account when assessing sediment transport. Furthermore SSC measurements are done with the LISST-SL close to the reservoir bed. In areas close to the bed no information regarding the ABS is available from the ADCP measurements due to the side-lobe interference. In various studies the information from the last three valid cells is used for ***, as result of a comparison of the LISST-SL measurements with extrapolated SSC values from the ADCP measurements it can be seen that, especially in deep reservoirs, this method has to be adapted to the in-situ conditions.

关键词： Reservoir Suspended sediment concentrations Sediment flux Laser diffraction Acoustic backscatter signal

Implications of metabolism-driven myeloid dysfunctions in cancer therapy

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2021年第4期18卷 829-841页

作者： laura Strauss Valentina Guarneri Alessandra Gennari Antonio Sica Department of Immunopharmacology and Immuno Oncology EMD Serono Research&Development InstituteInc.80119545A Middlesex TurnpikeBillericaMA 01821USA Department of Surgery Oncology and GastroenterologyUniversity of PadovaPadovaItaly Veneto Institute of Oncology-IRCCS PaduaItalyPadovaItaly Division of Oncology Department of Translational MedicineUniversity of Eastern PiedmontNovaraItaly Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Eastern PiedmontA.Avogadrovia Bovio 6NovaraItaly Humanitas Clinical and Research Center IRCCSVia Manzoni 56RozzanoMilanItaly

Immune homeostasis is maintained by an adequate balance of myeloid and lymphoid *** chronic inflammatory states,including cancer,this balance is lost due to dramatic expansion of myeloid progenitors that fail to mature to functional inflammatory neutrophils,macrophages,and dendritic cells(DCs),thus giving rise to a decline in the antitumor effector lymphoid ***-related inflammation orchestrates the production of hematopoietic growth factors and cytokines that perpetuate recruitment and activation of myeloid precursors,resulting in unresolved and chronic *** pathologic inflammation creates profound alterations in the intrinsic cellular metabolism of the myeloid progenitor pool,which is amplified by competition for essential nutrients and by hypoxia-induced metabolic rewiring at the tumor ***,persistent myelopoiesis and metabolic dysfunctions contribute to the development of cancer,as well as to the severity of a broad range of diseases,including metabolic syndrome and autoimmune and infectious *** aims of this review are to(1)define the metabolic networks implicated in aberrant myelopoiesis observed in cancer patients,(2)discuss the mechanisms underlying these clinical manifestations and the impact of metabolic perturbations on clinical outcomes,and(3)explore new biomarkers and therapeutic strategies to restore immunometabolism and differentiation of myeloid cells towards an effector phenotype to increase host antitumor *** propose that the profound metabolic alterations and associated transcriptional changes triggered by chronic and overactivated immune responses in myeloid cells represent critical factors influencing the balance between therapeutic efficacy and immune-related adverse effects(irAEs)for current therapeutic strategies,including immune checkpoint inhibitor(ICI)therapy.

关键词： Myelopoiesis Tumor-associated macrophages Myeloid-derived suppressor cells Metabolism Cancer therapy

Longitudinal bending stiffness does not affect running economy in Nike Vaporfly Shoes

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2022年第3期11卷 285-292页

作者： laura A.Healey Wouter Hoogkamer Integrative Locomotion Laboratory Department of KinesiologyUniversity of MassachusettsAmherstMA 01003-9258USA

Purpose This study aimed to determine the independent effect of the curved carbon-fiber plate in the Nike Vaporfly 4%shoe on running economy and running *** Fifteen healthy male runners completed a metabolic protocol and a biomechanics *** both protocols participants wore 2 different shoes,an intact Nike Vaporfly 4%(VF_(intact))and a cut Nike Vaporfly 4%(VF_(cut)).The VF_(cut) had 6 medio-lateral cuts through the carbon-fiber plate in the forefoot to reduce the effectiveness of the *** the metabolic protocol,participants ran at 14 km/h for 5 min,twice with each shoe,on a force-measuring treadmill while we measured metabolic *** the biomechanics protocol,participants ran across a runway with embedded force plates at 14 km/*** calculated running economy,kinetics,and lower limb joint *** Running economy did not significantly differ between shoe conditions(on average,0.55%±1.77%(mean±SD))worse in the VF_(cut) compared to the VF_(intact);95%confidence interval(-1.44%to 0.40%).Biomechanical differences were only found in the metatarsophalangeal(MTP)joint with increased MTP dorsiflexion angle,angular velocity,and negative power in the VF_(cut).Contact time was 1%longer in the VF_(intact).Conclusion Cutting the carbon-fiber plate and reducing the longitudinal bending stiffness did not have a significant effect on the energy savings in the Nike Vaporfly 4%.This suggests that the plate's stiffening effect on the MTP joint plays a limited role in the reported energy savings,and instead savings are likely from a combination and interaction of the foam,geometry,and plate.

关键词： Biomechanics Footwear Mechanical doping Metabolic rate Performance

Therapeutic potential of α7 nicotinic receptor agonists to regulate neuroinflammation in neurodegenerative diseases

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Neural Regeneration Research 2017年第9期12卷 1418-1421页

作者： laura Foucault-Fruchard Daniel Antier UMR INSERM U930 Université Fran?ois Rabelais CHRU de Tours H?pital Bretonneau

Neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer＇s, Parkinson＇s and Huntington＇s diseases, are all character- ized by a component of innate immunity called neuroinflammation. Neuronal loss and neuroinflammation are two phenomena closely linked. Hence, the neuroinflammation is a relevant target for the management of the neurodegenerative diseases given that, to date, there is no treatment to stop neuronal loss. Several studies have investigated the potential effects of activators of alpha 7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in animal models of neurodegenerative diseases. These receptors are widely distributed in the central nervous system. After activation, they seem to mediate the cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway in the brain. This anti-inflammatory pathway, first described in periphery, regulates activation of microglial cells considered as the resident macrophage population of the central nervous system. In this article, we shortly review the agonists of the alpha 7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptors that have been evaluated in vivo and we focused on the selective positive allosteric modulators of these receptors. These compounds represent a key element to enhance receptor activity only in the presence of the endogenous agonist.

关键词： α7 nicotinic receptors cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway Alzheimer's disease Huntington's disease Parkinson's disease neuroinflammation neurodegeneration positive allosteric modulators

Effects of Different Electromagnetic Fields on Circadian Rhythms of Some Haematochemical Parameters in Rats

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2009年第4期22卷 348-353页

作者： laura CONTALBRIGO CALOGERO STELLETTA laura FALCIONI STEFANIA CASELLA GIUSEPPE PICCIONE MORANDO SOFFRITTI AND MASSIMO MORGANTE European Foundation of Oncology and Environmental Sciences "B. Ramazzini" Department of Clinical Veterinary Science University of Padova Department of Experimental Sciences and Applied Biotechnology Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of Messina

Objective To investigate the effects of different electromagnetic fields on some haematochemical parameters of circadian rhythms in Sprague-Dawley rats. Methods The study was carried out in 18 male and 18 female rats in good health conditions exposed to 50 Hz magnetic sinusoid fields at the intensity of 1000 μT, 100 μT, and 0 μT （control group） respectively, and in 18 male and 18 female rats in good health conditions exposed to 1.8 GHz electromagnetic fields at the intensity of 50 V/m, 25 V/m and 0 V/m （control group）, respectively. Following haematochemical parameters for glucose, triglycerides, and total cholesterol were measured. Results Different effects of electromagnetic fields on circadian rhythms of both male and female rats were observed. Different changes occurred in some haematochemical parameters for glucose, triglycerides, and total cholesterol （P〈0.05）. Conclusion Exposure to different electromagnetic fields is responsible for the variations of some haematochemical parameters in rats.

关键词： Extremely low frequency electromagnetic fields (50 Hz) Radiofrequency electromagnetic fields (1.8 GHz) Haematochemical parameters Circadian rhythm Sprague-Dawley rat

Therapeutic procedures for submucosal tumors in the gastrointestinal tract

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2007年第24期13卷 3316-3322页

作者： laura Graves Ponsaing Mark Berner Hansen Department of Surgical Gastroenterology K Bispebjerg University Hospital of Copenhagen Denmark

This review is part three of three and will present an update on the therapeutic options and procedures concerning gastrointestinal (GI) submucosal tumors (SMTs). The aim of this paper is to investigate the treatments of GI SMTs and to present a case of a gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST). Literature searches were performed to find information on therapy for GI SMTs. Based on these searches, the optimal therapeutic procedures could be outlined. The choice of treatment of localized tumors is endoscopic resection if possible or, alternatively, laparoscopic resection or surgical resection by an open procedure. However, benign SMTs should only be excised if symptoms are present, and GISTs should be treated with particular precautions. Irresectable or recurrent GISTs may be successfully treated with the tyrosine kinase inhibitor, imatinib.

关键词： Submucosal tumor Treatment Case story Endoscopic mucosal resection Imatinib