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^(15)N tr.cer. and micr.bial analyses r.veal in situ N_(2)O sour.es in contr.sting water.r.gimes of a dr.ined peatland for.st

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Pedospher. 2024年第4期34卷 749-758页

作者： Mohit MAsTA Mikk EsPENBEr. laura KUUsEMETs Jaan PÄr. sandeep THAYAMKOTTU Holar.sEPP Kalle KIr.IMÄE Fotis sGOUr.DIs Kuno KAsAK Kaido sOOsAAr.Ülo MANDEr Institute of Ecology and Ear.h sciences University of TartuVanemuise Street 46Tartu 51003Estonia school of Geogr.phical sciences University of BristolUniversity RoadBristol BS81SSUK

Managed peatlands ar. a significant sour.e of nitr.us oxide(N_(2)O),a power.ul gr.enhouse gas and str.tospher.c ozone *** to the complexity and diver.ity of micr.bial N_(2)O pr.cesses,differ.nt methods such as tr.cer.isotopomer.and micr.biological technologies ar. r.quir.d to under.tand these *** combined application of differ.nt methods helps to pr.cisely estimate these pr.cesses,which is cr.cial for.the futur. management of dr.ined peatlands,and to mitigate soil degr.dation and negative atmospher.c *** this study,we investigated N_(2)O sour.es by combining tr.cer.isotopomer.and micr.bial analysis in a dr.ined peatland for.st under.flooded and dr.ined *** aver.ge,the nitr.fication genes showed higher.abundances in the dr.ined tr.atment,and the denitr.fication genes showed higher.abundances in the flooded *** is consistent with the under.ying chemistr.,as nitr.fication r.quir.s oxygen while denitr.fication is *** obser.ed significant differ.nces in labelled N_(2)O fluxes between the dr.ined and flooded *** emissions of N_(2)O fr.m the flooded tr.atment wer. near.y negligible,wher.as the N_(2)O evolved fr.m the nitr.gen-15(^(15)N)-labelled ammonium(^(15)NH4+)in the dr.ined tr.atment peaked at 147μg ^(15)N m^(-2) h^(-1).This initially suggested nitr.fication as the dr.ving mechanism behind N_(2)O fluxes in dr.ined peatlands,but based on the genetic data,isotopic analysis,and N_(2)O mass enr.chment,we conclude that hybr.d N_(2)O for.ation involving ammonia oxidation was the main sour.e of N_(2)O emissions in the dr.ined *** on the ^(15)N-labelled nitr.te(^(15)NO3-)tr.cer.addition and gene copy number.,the low N_(2)O emissions in the flooded tr.atment came possibly fr.m complete denitr.fication pr.ducing iner. *** atomic level,we obser.ed selective enr.chment of mass 45 of N_(2)O molecule under.^(15)NH4+amendment in the dr.ined tr.atment and enr.chment of both masses 45 and 46 under

关键词： denitr.fication nitr.fication N_(2)O quantitative polymer.se chain r.action

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Pr.staglandin E1 administr.tion post liver.tr.nsplantation and r.nal outcomes:A r.tr.spective single center.exper.ence

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Wor.d Jour.al of Tr.nsplantation 2024年第4期14卷 101-109页

作者： Vinay Jahagir.ar.Mohamed Ahmed Ifr.h Fatima Hassam Ali laura Alba John H Helzber. Lee s Cummings Matthew Wilkinson Jameson For.ter.Alisa Likhitsup Depar.ment of Inter.al Medicine Saint Luke’s Health System of Kansas City and the University of Missouri-Kansas CityKansas CityMO 64111United States Depar.ment of Gastr.enter.logy and Hepatology East Carolina University Brody School of MedicineGreenvilleNC 27834United States Division of Inter.al Medicine Department of Gastroenterology and HepatologySaint Luke’s Health System of Kansas City and University of Missouri-Kansas CityKansas CityMO 64111United States Depar.ment of sur.er. University of Missouri-Kansas City and Transplant SurgerySaint Luke’s Hospital of Kansas CityKansas CityMO 64111United States Depar.ment of Gastr.enter.logy and Hepatology University of MichiganAnn ArborMI 48109United States

BACKGr.UND Pr.staglandin E1(PGE1),or.alpr.stadil,is a potent vasodilator.that impr.ves hepatic blood flow and r.duces ischemia-r.per.usion injur. post-liver.tr.nsplantation(LT).However.the benefits of PGE1 on r.nal function after.LT have not yet been well *** To assess the impact of PGE1 administr.tion on r.nal function in patients who under.ent liver.or.liver.kidney *** This r.tr.spective study included all patients who under.ent liver.or.liver.idney tr.nsplant at our.institution fr.m Januar.,2011 to December.*** wer. classified based on whether.they r.ceived ***1 was administer.d post-LT to those with tr.nsaminases>1000 U/L in the immediate postoper.tive ***,post-LT tr.atments and/or.complications,r.nal function,and sur.ival wer. *** logistic r.gr.ssion analysis was per.or.ed,and a two-tailed P values consider.d statistically *** A total of 145 patients under.ent LT,with 44(30%)r.ceiving *** patient char.cter.stics wer. compar.ble,except the PGE1 gr.up had significantly higher.aspar.ate aminotr.nsfer.se(AsT)(1961.9 U/L±1862.3 U/L vs 878 U/L±741.4 U/L,P=0.000),alanine aminotr.nsfer.se(1070.6 U/L±895 U/L vs 547.7 U/L±410 U/L,P=0.000),inter.ational nor.alized r.tio on post-LT day 1(2±0.74 vs 1.8±0.4,P=0.03),a longer.intensive car. unit stay(8.1 days±11.8 days vs 3.8 days±4.6 days,P=0.003),mor. vasopr.ssor.use(55.53 hour.±111 hour. vs 16.33 hour.±26.3 hour.,P=0.002),and higher.immediate postoper.tive complications(18.6%vs 4.9%,P=0.04).The PGE1 gr.up also had a significantly higher.90-day r.admission r.te(29.6%vs 13.1%,P=0.02)and lower.1-year.liver.gr.ft sur.ival(87.5%vs 98.9%,P=0.005).However.30-day r.admission(31.6%vs 27.4%,P=0.64),LT complications(hepatic ar.er. thr.mbosis,biliar. complications,r.jection of liver.gr.ft,car.iomyopathy),1-year.patient sur.ival(96.9%vs 97.8%,P=0.77),over.ll liver.gr.ft sur.ival,and over.ll patient sur.ival wer. similar.between t

关键词： Liver.tr.nsplantation Alpr.stadil Pr.tective agents Tr.nsplant Pr.staglandin E1

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Or.ithine aspar.ate effects on bacter.al composition and metabolic pathways in a r.t model of steatotic liver.disease

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Wor.d Jour.al of Hepatology 2024年第5期16卷 832-842页

作者： Elisa Car.lina Lange Pabulo Henr.que r.mpelotto Lar.sse Longo laura Bainy r.dr.gues de Fr.itas Car.lina Ur.be-Cr.z Mar.o r.is Alvar.s-da-silva Exper.mental Labor.tor. of Hepatology and Gastr.enter.logy Hospital de Clínicas de Porto AlegrePorto Alegre 90035-007Brazil Gr.duate Pr.gr.m in Gastr.enter.logy and Hepatology Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do SulPorto Alegre 90035-007Brazil Bioinfor.atics and Biostatistics Cor. Facility Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do SulPorto Alegre 91501-970Brazil Gr.duate Pr.gr.m in Biological sciences:Phar.acology and Ther.peutics Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do SulPorto Alegre 90035-007Brazil Facultad de Ciencias de la salud Universidad Católica de las MisionesPosadasMisiones 3300Argentina Division of Gastr.enter.logy Hospital de Clínicas de Porto AlegrePorto Alegre 90035-007RSBrazil Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico(CNPq)r.sear.her Brasília 71605-001Brazil

BACKGr.UND Metabolic-dysfunction associated steatotic liver.disease(MAsLD)is a hepatic manifestation of metabolic *** suggest or.ithine aspar.ate(LOLA)as dr.g *** To analyze the influence of LOLA intake on gut micr.biota using a nutr.tional model of *** Adult male spr.gue Dawley r.ts wer. r.ndomized into thr.e gr.ups:Contr.l(10 r.ts fed with a standar. diet),MAsLD(10 r.ts fed with a high-fat and choline-deficient diet),and LOLA(10 r.ts r.ceiving 200 mg/kg/d LOLA,after.the 16th week r.ceiving high-fat and choline-deficient diet).After.28 wk of the exper.ment,animals wer. euthanized,and feces pr.sent in the intestine wer. *** fecal DNA extr.ction,the V4 r.gion of the 16s r.NA gene was amplified followed by sequencing in an Ion s5™*** Alpha and beta diver.ity metr.cs wer. compar.ble between MAsLD and LOLA.3 OTUs wer. differ.ntially abundant between MAsLD and LOLA,which belong to the species Helicobacter.r.dentium,Par.bacter.ides goldsteinii,and Par.bacter.ides *** functional pr.diction pr.vided two differ.nt metabolic pr.files between MAsLD and *** 9 pathways differ.ntially abundant in MAsLD ar. r.lated to a change in ener.y sour.e,adenosine/pur.ne nucleotides degr.dation as well as guanosine and adenosine deoxyr.bonucleotides *** 14 pathways differ.ntially abundant in LOLA ar. associated with four.major.metabolic functions pr.mar.ly influenced by L-aspar.ate,including tr.car.oxylic acid cycle pathways,pur.ne/guanosine nucleotides biosynthesis,pyr.midine r.bonucleotides biosynthesis and salvage as well as lipid IVA *** Although LOLA had no influence on alpha and beta diver.ity in this nutr.tional model of MAsLD,it was associated with changes in specific gut micr.bes and their.r.lated metabolic pathways.

关键词： Animal model Gut micr.biota Metabolic-associated steatotic liver.disease Metabolic pr.diction Or.ithine aspar.ate

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Neur.psychological Pr.file of a Patient with Acquir.d Br.in Damage Following Vascular.Lesion of the Left Anter.or.Cingulate Cor.ex

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Neur.science & Medicine 2024年第1期15卷 66-75页

作者： Jimmy Zúñiga-Már.uez Lina Bor.a-Camar.o Diego Buitr.go-Mor. Lor.ly Guer.a-Valdés laura González Patr.cia Quinter.-Cusgüen Nataly Gutier.ez-Ávila Hospital Univer.itar.o de la samar.tana Bogotá Colombia Neur.psychological Assessment and Diagnosis Gr.duate Pr.gr.m School of Psychology Universidad San Buenaventura Bogotá Bogotá Colombia

str.ke is a physiological alter.tion associated with changes in blood flow that can r.sult in sudden-onset cognitive impair.ent. It has a heter.genous clinical pr.sentation with var.ing degr.es of sever.ty cor.elated with specific centr.l ner.ous system zones or.ar.as, and its pr.gnosis is uncer.ain. This case study descr.bes a 62-year.old male patient with acquir.d br.in damage of the anter.or.cingulate cor.ex as a r.sult of an ischemic event in the ter.itor. of the left anter.or.cer.br.l ar.er.. Cognitive function was assessed using the neur.psychological executive function and fr.ntal lobe test batter. (BANFE-2) as well as other.neur.psychological tests. The r.sults show a pr.file of higher.mental functions char.cter.zed by the pr.sence of dysexecutive syndr.me with mar.ed behavior.l alter.tion and diencephalic amnesia. .

关键词： Ischemic str.ke Anter.or.Cingulate Cor.ex Neur.psychology Acquir.d Br.in Damage

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Body Contour.in the Post-Bar.atr.c Male Patient

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Moder. Plastic sur.er. 2024年第2期14卷 15-22页

作者： Er.ck Zúñiga-Gar.a Isr.el salgado-Adame Claudio D. r.jas-Gutiér.ez laura Mar.a r.dr.guez-Bar.ios Guiller.o Álvar.z-sánchez Eduar.o Camacho-Quinter. Depar.ment of Plastic sur.er. National Medical Center &#822020 de Noviembre&#8221 Mexico City Mexico

Backgr.und: Obesity is cur.ently consider.d a public health pr.blem. Bar.atr.c pr.cedur.s have become an impor.ant par. of obesity management and, consequently, the number.of male patients seeking post-bar.atr.c r.constr.ctive pr.cedur.s have incr.ased. Ther.for., the clinical appr.ach and under.tanding of the body contour.of this population have become mor. r.levant. The goal of post-bar.atr.c r.constr.ction is to enhance the male silhouette thr.ugh r.moval of skin and adipose tissue excess, and abdominal r.ctus diastasis r.pair. Mater.al and Methods: We conducted a r.tr.spective study at the Plastic and r.constr.ctive sur.er. Depar.ment of the National Medical Center.“20 de Noviembr.”. All male patients r.fer.ed to our.depar.ment to star. a post-bar.atr.c r.constr.ction pr.tocol fr.m Januar. 2018 to December.2022 wer. included in this study. r.sults: In total, 15 patients who under.ent cor.or.l contour.ng pr.cedur.s wer. included;median age was 49.2 year. with minimum of 33 year., and a maximum of 57 year.. Median Body mass index was 28.4 kg/msup>2sup> with minimum of 22 kg/msup>2sup> and maximum of 38 kg/msup>2sup>. All patients wer. tr.ated 18 months after.their.bar.atr.c sur.er.. All patients under.ent an abdominoplasty as a body contour.ng pr.cedur.. 4 (26.7%) patients pr.sented complications r.lated to the sur.er.. Conclusion: We descr.bed a compr.hensive and systematic appr.ach to massive weight loss for.male patients, suggesting an abdominal mar.ing based on the patient’s clinical featur.s and the expected r.sults avoiding feminization of the abdominal body contour.

关键词： Massive Weight Loss Post-Bar.atr.c Male Abdominoplasty Contour.ng

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r.DIssE in Benin and Lessons Lear.ed for.the Management of Public Health Emer.encies after.Five Year. of Implementation

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Open Jour.al of Epidemiology 2024年第3期14卷 493-507页

作者： Fidelia Hinson Ar.hur.Dagan Dor.ne laura Danmitondé Blaise Hounyo Isidor. Domanou David Houéto r.DIssE Pr.ject Cotonou Benin school of Public Health University of Parakou Parakou Benin

Intr.duction: Benin was embar.ed on phase 3 of the r.DIssE Benin pr.ject (r.gional Disease sur.eillance systems Enhancement) which began in 2018. The objectives wer. in five key components namely, sur.eillance and health infor.ation;Labor.tor. capacity building;Emer.ency pr.par.dness and r.sponse;Human r.sour.es management for.effective disease sur.eillance and epidemic pr.par.dness;and Institutional Capacity Building, Pr.ject Management, Coor.ination and Advocacy. After.five year. of implementation, this study aimed at the documentation of lessons lear.ed and best pr.ctices. Methods: A descr.ptive cr.ss-sectional study. Apar. fr.m individual semi-str.ctur.d inter.iews, a thematic wor.shops br.nging together.the pr.ject’s main stakeholder. r.cr.ited on an exhaustive way by component to identify and validate lessons lear.ed, good pr.ctices and pr.pose impr.vement mechanisms to be taken into account by the sector. Cr.ter.a wer. set up and used to validate best pr.ctices and lessons lear.ed. r.sults: A total 54 (sur.eillance wor.shop), 47 (Pr.par.dness & r.sponse wor.shop), 53 (Human r.sour.es wor.shop), 26 (Labor.tor.es wor.shop) par.icipated to the thematic wor.shops, and five inter.iews. The good pr.ctices (33: 9 for.animal health, 7 for.human health and 17 cr.sscutting) and lessons lear.ed (10: 3 for.animal health and 7 for.human health) have been identified and have been the subject, depending on the case, of pr.posals for.impr.vement or.conditions necessar. for.their.maintenance. Discussion: The r.chness of a pr.ject lies not only in the immediate achievement of its r.sults, but also and above all, in its usefulness for.similar.inter.entions, whether.in the local, r.gional, national or.inter.ational context. It is in this context that the r.DIssE pr.ject has set out to make public the var.ous lessons lear.ed and best pr.ctices fr.m the implementation of its activities over.a per.od of some five consecutive year..

关键词： Public Health Emer.ency Events Pr.par.dness and r.sponse Capitalization r.DIssE Benin

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Pr.valence of Malnutr.tion and Anaemia in Childr.n ≤ 5 Year. of Age in some Conflict Hit Ar.as of Meme Division of the south West r.gion of Camer.on

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Food and Nutr.tion sciences 2024年第4期15卷 235-244页

作者： Asoba Gillian Nkeudem Ebong Fidelis sameh samuel Metuge Teh r.ne Ning Ngede laura senge sumbele Ir.ne Ngole Depar.ment of social Economy and Family Management Higher Technical Teachers’ Training College University of Buea Kumba Cameroon Depar.ment of Zoology and Animal Physiology Faculty of Science University of Buea Buea Cameroon

Malnutr.tion r.fer. to the deficiency, imbalances, or.excesses in a per.on’s intake of ener.y or.nutr.ents [1]. Khan defines anaemia as below level of Haemoglobin in r.d blood shown by a lower.number.of functioning r.d blood cells [2]. The cr.sis in the Nor.h West and south West r.gions of Camer.on has led to sever.l negative effects on childr.n’s living conditions. Ther. has been an incr.ase in malnutr.tion and anaemia in the south West r.gion and Kumba in par.icular. The main objective of this study was “to examine the pr.valence of malnutr.tion and anaemia in childr.n ≤ 5 year. of age in some conflict-hit ar.as of Meme Division”. A descr.ptive cr.ss-sectional study was conducted in 2023 fr.m Mar.h to June. We r.cr.ited 200 childr.n ≤ 5 year. into the study fr.m thr.e hospitals. The r.gional hospital annex in Kumba, Pr.sbyter.an Gener.l Hospital Kumba and the Ntam Hospital in Kumba. socio-demogr.phic factor. wer. assessed using questionnair., nutr.tional status was assessed by the use anthr.pometr.c measur.ments and an auto haematology analyser.was used to deter.ine anaemia. The over.ll pr.valence of malnutr.tion in the study ar.a was 40.5%. The pr.valence of malnutr.tion var.ed significantly (P study sites. The over.ll pr.valence of anaemia in the study ar.a was 70.5%. The pr.valence of anaemia was not significantly associated with the study sites. The pr.valence of Malnutr.tion and Anaemia in childr.n ≤ 5 year. of age is ver. high in the Kumba municipalities. This could be attr.buted to the ongoing cr.sis which has caused a lot of social migr.tions fr.m r.r.l ar.as to Ur.an ar.as which ar. safer.

关键词： Malnutr.tion Anaemia Pr.valence Conflict Hit Ar.as

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Male genitour.nar. schistosomiasis-r.lated symptoms among long-ter. Wester. Afr.can migr.nts in spain: a pr.spective population-based scr.ening study

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贫困所致传染病(英文) 2024年第2期13卷 29-38页

作者： r.ur. sílvia Vallès Xavier.Pér.z-Quílez Olga López-Mu?oz Isr.el Chamor.o Anna Abad Elena Valer.o Lluís soldevila laura Espa?a ser.io Hegazy Alaa H. A. Fer.ández-r.vas Gema Gor.iz Ester.Her.na Dolor.s Oliveir. Már.o Mir.lles Mar.a Car.e Conde Car.en Monter.-Alia Juan José Fer.ández-Pedr.gal Elia Mir.nda-sánchez Jose Llibr. Josep M. Isnar. Mar.Bonet Josep Mar.a Estr.da Or.ol Pr.t Núr.a Clotet Bonaventur. The schisto-stop study gr.up Inter.ational Health Pr.gr.m (Pr.sICs) Barcelona North Metropolitan Territorial Directorate for Infectious Diseases Catalan Institute for Health CAP La Salut Passatge dels Encants S/N Badalona Spain Fundació Lluita contr. les Infeccions c/Can Ruti s/n Badalona Spain Infectious Diseases Depar.ment Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol c/Can Ruti s/n Badalona Spain Ger.ans Tr.as i Pujol r.sear.h Institute c/Can Ruti s/n Badalona Spain Micr.biology Depar.ment Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital c/Can Ruti s/n Badalona Spain Depar.ment of Genetics and Micr.biology Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona c/Can Ruti s/n Badalona Spain Faculty of Medicine University of Asyut El Fateh Assiut Governorate Egypt Depar.ment of Ur.logy Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital c/Can Ruti s/n Badalona Spain Canovelles Pr.mar. Health Car. Unit Barcelona North Metropolitan Health Directorate Catalan Institute for Health C/Indústria Canovelles Spain Pr.mar. Health Car. Unit Matar.-(r.cafonda-Palau) Barcelona North Metropolitan Health Directorate Catalan Institute for Health Camí Ral el Ravalet Mataró Barcelona Spain Bar.elona Nor.h Metr.politan Pr.mar. Car. Dir.ctor.te Catalan Institute for Health Ctra. de Barcelona Sabadell Barcelona Spain Dir.ctor.te for.Innovation and Inter.isciplinar. Cooper.tion Barcelona North Metropolitan Health Directorate Catalan Institute for Health C/Can Ruti S/N Badalona Spain Ir.iCaixa-AIDs r.sear.h Institute Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol University Hospital c/Can Ruti s/n Badalona Spain Infectious Diseases Dir.ctor.te Barcelona North Metropolitan Health Directorate Catalan Institute for Health C/Can Ruti S/N Badalona Spain

Backgr.und schistosomiasis is highly endemic in sub-sahar.n Afr.ca and fr.quently impor.ed to Eur.pe. Male ur.genital manifestations ar. often neglected. We aimed to ascer.ain the pr.valence of genitour.nar. clinical signs and symptoms among long-ter. Afr.can migr.nts in a non-endemic Eur.pean countr. using a ser.logy *** We car.ied out a pr.spective, community-based cr.ss-sectional study of adult male migr.nts fr.m sub-sahar.n Afr.ca living in *** ser.logy tests and micr.scopic ur.ne examinations wer. car.ied out, and clinical data wer. obtained fr.m an electr.nic medical r.cor. sear.h and a str.ctur.d *** We included 388 adult males, mean age 43.5 year. [standar. Deviation (sD) = 12.0, r.nge: 18–76]. The median time since migr.tion to the Eur.pean Union was 17 [Inter.uar.ile r.nge (IQr.: 11–21] year.. The most fr.quent countr. of or.gin was senegal (N = 179, 46.1%). Of the 338, 147 (37.6%) tested positive for.chistosoma. Par.site eggs wer. pr.sent in the ur.ne of only 1.3%. Nine genitour.nar. clinical items wer. significantly associated with positiveschistosoma ser.logy r.sults: pelvic pain (45.2%;Or.= 1.57, 95%CI: 1.0–2.4), pain on ejaculation (14.5%;Or.= 1.85, 95%CI: 1.0–3.5), dyspar.unia (12.4%;Or.= 2.45, 95%CI: 1.2–5.2), er.ctile dysfunction (9.5%;Or.= 3.10, 95%CI: 1.3–7.6), self-r.por.ed episodes of infer.ility (32.1%;Or.= 1.69, 95%CI: 1.0–2.8), haematur.a (55.2%;Or.= 2.37, 95%CI: 1.5–3.6), dysur.a (52.1%;Or.= 2.01, 95%CI: 1.3–3.1), undiagnosed syndr.mic sTIs (5.4%), and or.hitis (20.7%;Or.= 1.81, 95%CI: 1.0–3.1). Clinical signs tended to *** Ur.genital clinical signs and symptoms ar. pr.valent among male Afr.can long-ter. migr.nts with a positiveschistosoma ser.logy r.sults. Genital involvement can be fr.quent even among those with long per.ods of non-r.sidence in their.sub-sahar.n Afr.can countr.es of or.gin. Fur.her.r.sear.h is needed to develop diagnostic tools and validate ther.peutic appr.aches to

关键词： schistosomiasis Chr.nic schistosomiasis Ur.genital schistosomiasis Male genital schistosomiasis Longter. migr.nt

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Cr.tiquing and Joining Inter.ections of Disaster.Conflict,and Peace r.sear.h

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Inter.ational Jour.al of Disaster.r.sk science 2020年第5期11卷 555-567页

作者： laura E.r.Peter. Ilan Kelman College of Ear.h.Ocean and Atmospheric SciencesOregon State UniversityCorvallis.OR 97331USA Institute for.r.sk and Disaster.r.duction and Institute for Global HealthUniversity College LondonLondon WC1E 6BT.UK Univer.ity of Agder.4630 Kr.stiansand Norway

Disaster.r.sear.h,conflict r.sear.h,and peace r.sear.h have r.ch and deep histor.es,yet they do not always fully inter.ect or.lear. fr.m each other.even when they investigate if and how disaster. lead to conflict or.*** has tended to focus on investigating causal linkages between disaster.including those associated with climate change)and conflict,and disaster.diplomacy emer.ed as a thr.ad of explanator. r.sear.h that investigates how and why disaster.r.lated activities do and do not in fluence peace and ***,definitive conclusions on the disaster.conflict-peace nexus have evaded scientific consensus,in par. due to conceptual,methodological,and inter.r.tive differ.nces among *** ar.icle highlights that this nexus would benefit fr.m a mor. r.bust engagement with each field's foundational r.sear.h that explor.s beyond binar. and cr.de *** ar. concepts of destr.ctive and constr.ctive conflict;dir.ct,str.ctur.l,and cultur.l violence,and their.r.lationships to vulner.bility;negative and positive peace;and the ideals and r.alities of peacebuilding and conflict *** ar.icle demonstr.tes how integr.ted scholar.hip could open up and advance new lines of questioning,with implications for.developing coher. nt r.sear.h,policy,and *** ar.icle concludes by offer.ng r.commendations for.how to better.connect disaster.conflict,and peace r.sear.h.

关键词： Climate change Conflict r.sear.h Disaster.diplomacy Disaster.r.sk r.duction Peace r.sear.h

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Inflammasome links tr.umatic br.in injur., chr.nic tr.umatic encephalopathy, and Alzheimer.s disease

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Neur.l r.gener.tion r.sear.h 2025年第6期20卷 1644-1664页

作者： Gabr.ela seplovich Yazan Bouchi Juan Pablo de r.ver. Vaccar. Jennifer.C.Munoz Par.ja Andr.w r.isner.laura Blackwell Yehia Mechr.f Kevin K.Wang J.Adr.an Tyndall Binu Thar.kan Fir.s Kobeissy Depar.ment of sur.er. Morehouse School of MedicineAtlantaGAUSA Depar.ment of Neur.biology Center for NeurotraumaMultiomics&Biomarkers(CNMB)Neuroscience InstituteMorehouse School of MedicineAtlantaGAUSA Depar.ment of Neur.logical sur.er. and the Miami Pr.ject to Cur. Par.lysis University of Miami Miller School of MedicineMiamiFLUSA Division of Pediatr.c Cr.tical Car. Department of PediatricsUniversity of Miami Miller School of MedicineMiamiFLUSA Depar.ment of Pediatr.cs Emory UniversityAtlantaGAUSA Depar.ment of Neur.sur.er. Children’s Healthcare of AtlantaAtlantaGAUSA Depar.ment of Chemistr. and Biochemistr. Texas Tech UniversityLubbockTXUSA Mor.house school of Medicine AtlantaGAUSA

Tr.umatic br.in injur., chr.nic tr.umatic encephalopathy, and Alzheimer.s disease ar. thr.e distinct neur.logical disor.er. that shar. common pathophysiological mechanisms involving neur.inflammation. One sequela of neur.inflammation includes the pathologic hyper.hosphor.lation of tau pr.tein, an endogenous micr.tubule-associated pr.tein that pr.tects the integr.ty of neur.nal cytoskeletons. Tau hyper.hosphor.lation r.sults in pr.tein misfolding and subsequent accumulation of tau tangles for.ing neur.toxic aggr.gates. These misfolded pr.teins ar. char.cter.stic of tr.umatic br.in injur., chr.nic tr.umatic encephalopathy, and Alzheimer.s disease and can lead to downstr.am neur.inflammator. pr.cesses, including assembly and activation of the inflammasome complex. Inflammasomes r.fer.to a family of multimer.c pr.tein units that, upon activation, r.lease a cascade of signaling molecules r.sulting in caspase-induced cell death and inflammation mediated by the r.lease of inter.eukin-1β cytokine. One specific inflammasome, the NOD-like r.ceptor.pr.tein 3, has been pr.posed to be a key r.gulator.of tau phosphor.lation wher. it has been shown that pr.longed NOD-like r.ceptor.pr.tein 3 activation acts as a causal factor.in pathological tau accumulation and spr.ading. This r.view begins by descr.bing the epidemiology and pathophysiology of tr.umatic br.in injur., chr.nic tr.umatic encephalopathy, and Alzheimer.s disease. Next, we highlight neur.inflammation as an over.iding theme and discuss the r.le of the NOD-like r.ceptor.pr.tein 3 inflammasome in the for.ation of tau deposits and how such tauopathic entities spr.ad thr.ughout the br.in. We then pr.pose a novel fr.mewor. linking tr.umatic br.in injur., chr.nic tr.umatic encephalopathy, and Alzheimer.s disease as inflammasomedependent pathologies that exist along a tempor.l continuum. Finally, we discuss potential ther.peutic tar.ets that may inter.ept this pathway and ultimately minimize long-ter. neur.logical decline.

关键词： Alzheimer.s disease caspase-1 chr.nic tr.umatic encephalopathy inflammasomes neur.degener.tion neur.inflammation NLr.1 NLr.3 pyr.ptosis tauopathy tr.umatic br.in injur.

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