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接受替罗非班和阿斯匹林治疗的非ST段抬高急性冠脉综合征患者应用依诺肝素或普通肝素的疗效及安全性：随机对照试验

美国医学会杂志（中文版） 2005年第4期24卷 204-208页

作者： Mich.el A．Blazing James A. de Lemos h.rvey D. Wh.te Keith.A. A. Fox Freek W. A. Verh.ugt Diego Ardissino Peter M. DiBattiste Joarme Palmisano David W. Bilh.imer Steven M. Snapinn Karen E. Ramsey laura h. gardner Vic h.sselblad Marc A. Pfeffer Eldrin F. Lewis Eugene Braunwald Robert M. Califf 王淑敏（译）胡大一（校） Duke clinical Research.Institute Durham NC Donald W. Reynolds Cardiovascular Clinical Research.Center University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center Dallas Department of Cardiology Green Lane Hospital Auckland New Zealand Department of Cardiology Research University of Edinburgh Edinburgh Scotland Department of Interventional Cardiology University Medical Center Nijmegen the Netherlands Division of Cardiology Ospedale Maggiore Parma Italy Merck＆Company Whitehouse Station NJ Department of Medicine Harvard Medical SchoolBrigham and Women＇s Hospital Boston Mass 不详

背景：对于非ST段抬高急性冠脉综合征（acute coronary syndromes，ACS）患者而言，与单独应用普通肝素相比，依诺肝素或者血小板糖蛋白Ⅱb／Ⅲa受体拮抗剂替罗非班与普通肝素联合应用都显示出较好的疗效。目前，尚不清楚依诺肝素和替... 详细信息

背景：对于非ST段抬高急性冠脉综合征（acute coronary syndromes，ACS）患者而言，与单独应用普通肝素相比，依诺肝素或者血小板糖蛋白Ⅱb／Ⅲa受体拮抗剂替罗非班与普通肝素联合应用都显示出较好的疗效。目前，尚不清楚依诺肝素和替罗非班联合应用是否像普通肝素和替罗非班标准联合方案一样安全有效。目的：在非ST段抬高的ACS患者中评价依诺肝素和替罗非班联合疗法与普通肝素和替罗非班联合方案的疗效及安全性。设计、地点及参试者：国际前瞻性、开标（open—label）、随机、非劣势（noninferiority）试验。在接受替罗非班和阿斯匹林治疗的非ST段抬高ACS患者中分别给予依诺肝素1mg／kg（n=2026）每12小时一次或经体重校正的静脉普通肝素（n=1961），然后进行比较。这项A to Z试验的A阶段试验是于1999年12月至2002年5月进行的。主要观察指标：意向治疗人群7天时死亡、再发心肌梗死和难治性缺血的发生情况，该意向治疗人群是根据优效性和非劣势原则确定的。应用“心肌梗死溶栓治疗试验”（Th.ombolysis in Myocardial Infarction，TIMI）中之出血分级系统，通过监测出血发生率判定用药安全性。结果：在治疗第7天时，随机分配至依诺肝素组的2018例患者中有169例（8．4％）发生死亡、心肌梗死或者难治性缺血，而普通肝素组的1952例患者中有184例（9．4％）发生上述事件（风险比[h.zard ratio，h.]为0．88，95％可信区间[confidence interval，CI]为0．71～1．08）。该结果符合预先设定的非劣势标准。除死亡外，所有一级和二级复合终点事件分析结果均提示，依诺肝素更为有益。死亡仅见于1％的患者（依诺肝素组23例，普通肝素组17例）。任何TIMI分级的出血发生率都很低（依诺肝素组为3．0％，普通肝素组为2．2％；P=0．13）。最差情况分析（合并了两种独立的出血判定策略）表明，采用依诺肝素每治疗200例患者就会发生一次TIMI严重出血。结论：对于接受替罗非班和阿斯匹林治疗的非ST段抬高ACS患者而言，依诺肝素是除普通普通肝素之外的另一种适当选择。依诺肝素可使一级终点相对减少12％，绝对减少1％，符合非劣势标准。该结果与以往未联用糖蛋白Ⅱb／Ⅲa受体拮抗剂的试验一致。

关键词：非ST段抬高急性冠脉综合征随机对照试验用药安全性依诺肝素普通肝素替罗非班治疗人群阿斯匹林血小板糖蛋白Ⅱb/Ⅲa受体拮抗剂

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As clear as mud： Turbidity induces beh.vioral ch.nges in th. African cich.id Pseudocrenilabrus multicolor

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Current Zoology 2012年第1期58卷 146-157页

作者： Gray, Suzanne M. Mcdonnell, laura h. Cinouemani, Fabio G. Ch.pman, Lauren J. Department of Biology McGill University 1205 Dr. Penfield Ave Montreal QC Canada H3A 1B1 Current address: Department of Biology University of Toronto at Mississauga 3359 Mississauga Road North Mississauga ON Canada L5L 1C6 Wildlife Conservation Society 2300 Southern Boulevard Bronx NY 10460 USA

Aquatic biodiversity is being lost at an unprecedented rate. One factor driving th.s loss is increased turbidity, an en- vironmental stressor th.t can impose beh.vioral, morph.logical, and/or ph.siological costs on fish.s. h.re we describe th. be- h.vioral response of a widespread African cich.id, Pseudocrenilabrus multicolor victoriae, to turbidity. We used a split-brood rearing design to test if F1 offspring reared in turbid water, originating from river （turbid） and swamp （clear） populations, beh.ve differently th.n full-sibs reared in clear water. We examined two facets of beh.vior：（1） beh.viors of fish.in full sib groups, in- eluding activity level and social dynamics collected during th. rearing period; and （2） male aggressive beh.vior directed at poten- tial male competitors after fish.h.d reach.d maturity; th.s was done in an experimental set-up independent of th. rearing aquaria. Regardless of population of origin, fish.reared in turbid water were marginally less active and performed fewer social beh.viors th.n th.se reared in clear water. On th. oth.r h.nd, wh.n tested against a competitor in turbid water, males performed more ag- gressive beh.viors, regardless of population of origin or rearing environment, Our results suggest a plastic beh.vioral response to turbidity th.t may allow P. multicolor to persist over a range of turbidity levels in nature by decreasing activity and general social beh.viors and intensifying reproductive beh.viors to ensure reproductive success [Current Zoology 58 （1）： 146-157, 2012].

关键词： Cich.idae Beh.vioral plasticity Environmental stressor Male-male competition

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Fulminant liver failure models with.subsequent enceph.lopath. in th. mouse

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h.patobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2011年第6期10卷 611-619页

作者： Ann-Marie T Baine Tomoh.de h.ri Lindsay B gardner Sh.nji Uemoto Justin h.Nguyen Department of Neuroscience Mayo Clinic in Florida JacksonvilleFL 32224USA Divisions of h.pato-Pancreato-Biliary Transplant and Pediatric SurgeryDepartment of SurgeryKyoto University Graduate School of MedicineKyoto 606-8507Japan Division of Transplant Surgery Department of TransplantationMayo Clinic in FloridaJacksonvilleFL 32224USA

BACKGROUND:A reliable model of fulminant liver failure (FLF) is urgently required in th.s research.*** study aimed to develop a murine FLF ***:We used th.ee groups of male C57BL/6 mice:control,with.azoxymeth.ne treatment (AOM group),and with.galactosamine and tumor necrosis factor-alph. treatment (Gal+TNF-α group).Th. effects of body temperature (BT) control on survival in all th.ee groups were investigated Using BT control,we compared th. survival,h.stopath.logical findings and bioch.mical/coagulation profiles between th. two experimental *** effects of h.dration on international normalized ratios of proth.ombin time (PT INRs) were also ***-dependent survival curves were constructed for both.experimental *** beh.vior was assessed using a coma ***:No unexpected BT effects were seen in th. control *** AOM group,but not th. Gal+TNF-α group sh.wed a significant difference in survival curves between th.se with.and with.ut BT *** assessment sh.wed consistent FLF findings in both.experimental groups with.BT *** were significant differences between th. experimental groups in aspartate aminotransferase levels and PT-INRs,and significant differences in PT-INRs between th. sufficiently and insufficiently h.drated *** were significant differences between FLF models in th. duration of each.coma stage,with.significant differences in stages 1 and 3 as percentages of th. disease state (stages 1-4).Th. two FLF models with.BT care sh.wed different survival curves in th. dose-dependent survival ***:AOM provides a good FLF model,but requires a specialized environment and careful BT *** FLF models may also be useful,depending on th. research.*** attention to caregiving and close observation are indispensable for successful FLF models.

关键词： animal model acute liver failure azoxymeth.ne galactosamine tumor necrosis factor-alph.

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Using music to reduce anxiety among older adults in th. emergency department:a randomized pilot study

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Journal of Integrative Medicine 2017年第6期15卷 450-455页

作者： laura Belland laura Rivera-Reyes Ula h.ang center for family medicine newyork-presbyterian/columbia university medical centerNew YorkNY 10032USA department of emergency medicine icahn school of medicine at mount sinaiNew YorkNY 10029USA geriatric research education and clinical centerjames j.peters vamcNew YorkNY 10029USA

BACKGROUND： An emergency department （ED） visit may be distressing and anxiety-provoking for older adults （age 〉 65 years）. No studies h.ve specifically evaluated th. effect of music listening on anxiety in older adults in th. ED. OBJECTIVE： Th. objective of th.s pilot study was to evaluate th. effect of music listening on anxiety levels in older ED patients. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS AND INTERVENTIONS： Th.s was a randomized pilot study in th. geriatric ED of an urban academic tertiary medical center. Th.s was a sample of English.speaking adults （age 〉 65 years） wh. were not deaf （n = 35）. Subjects consented to participate and were randomized to receive up to 60 min of music listening with.routine care, wh.le th. control group received routine care with.no music. Subjects in th. music treatment group received h.adph.nes and an electronic tablet with.pre-downloaded music, and were allowed to ch.ose from 5 selections. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Th. primary outcome was ch.nge in anxiety levels, measured by th. state- trait anxiety inventory （STAI）, at enrollment and 1 h.later. RESULTS： A total of 35 participants were enrolled： 74% were female, 40% were wh.te, and 40% were black; of th.se, 32 subjects completed th. study protocol. Wh.n comparing control （n = 18） against intervention subjects （n = 17）, th.re were no significant differences in enrollment STAI scores （43.00 ± 15.00 vs. 40.30± 12.80, P = 0.57）. STAI scores 1 h.ur after enrollment （after th. music intervention） were significantly reduced in th. intervention subjects compared to th. control subjects （with.reduction of 10.00± 12.29 vs. 1.88 ± 7.97, P = 0.03）. CONCLUSION： Th.se pilot results suggest th.t music listening may be an effective tool for reducing anxiety among older adults in th. ED.

关键词： music anxiety emergency department randomized controlled trial

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Mech.nistic insigh.s into th. oxidation of catalytically relevant AgCu near-surface alloy interfaces

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Aggregate 2022年第4期3卷 101-107页

作者： laura A.Cramer Prash.nt Desh.ah.a E.Ch.rles h.Sykes Department of Ch.mistry Tufts UniversityMedfordMassachusettsUSA Department of Ch.mical and Biological Engineering Tufts UniversityMedfordMassachusettsUSA

Recent h.terogeneous catalysis studies h.ve demonstrated th.t synergy between Ag and Cu can lead to more selective partial oxidation *** performed a series of scanning tunneling microscope experiments to gain a better understanding of th. AgCu system under oxidative *** experiments were carried out by exposing sub-monolayer coverages of Ag on Cu(111),in th. form of a near-surface alloy(NSA),to range of oxygen exposures and *** enabled us to study th. initial stages of oxidation of well-defined Ag/Cu interfaces with.atomic resolution and th.reby understand th. dynamic response of th. AgCu NSA to oxygen *** low oxygen exposures,oxidation was observed on exposed Cu terraces and at th. interface between th. AgCu NSA and Cu(111).h.gh.r oxygen exposure led to th. segregation of Cu atoms up th.ough.th. Ag layer and th. appearance of surface adsorbed *** ph.se segregation of Cu was th.n observed at h.gh.r oxygen exposures at elevated temperatures,evidenced by th. formation of Cu oxide patch.s with.n and on th. top of th. Ag *** results provide a more detailed picture of h.w AgCu NSAs interact with.and restructure in response to,oxygen.

关键词： alloy bimetallic scanning tunneling microscopy segregation

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Two-Ph.ton Direct Laser Writing Beyond th. Diffraction Limit Using th. Nanopositioning and Nanomeasuring Mach.ne

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Nanomanufacturing and Metrology 2021年第3期4卷 149-155页

作者： laura Moh.-Weidenfeller Annika-Verena h.cker Carsten Reinh.rdt Eberh.rd Manske Microsystems Tech.ology Group Ilmenau University of TechnologyMax-Planck-Ring 12IlmenauGermany Institute for Process Measurement and Sensor Tech.ology Ilmenau University of TechnologyGustav-Kirchhoff-Str.1IlmenauGermany Bremen University of Applied Science Neustadtswall 30BremenGermany

Since th. first realization of two-ph.ton direct laser writing(DLW)in Maruo et al.(Opt Lett 22:132-134,1997),th. manufacturing using direct laser writing tech.iques spread out in many laboratories all over th. *** materials with.different material properties open a new field for micro-and *** ach.evable structuring resolution using th.s tech.ique is reported to be sub-100 nm(Paz et *** *** Appl.24:042004,2012),wh.le a smallest linewidth.of 25 nm could be sh.wn in Tan et al.(Appl Ph.s Lett 90:071106,2007).In our approach.th. combination of DLW with.th. nanopositioning and nanomeasuring mach.ne NMM-1 offers an improvement of th. tech.ique from th. engineering side regarding th. ultra-precise positioning(Weidenfeller et *** Adv Fabr Tech.ol Micro/Nano Opt Ph.ton Ⅺ 10544:105440E,2018).One big benefit besides th. h.gh.positioning resolution of 0.1 nm is offered by th. positioning range of 25 mm×25 mm×5 mm(Jager et *** Tech.isch.s Messen 67:319-323,2000;Manske et *** Meas Sci Tech.ol 18:520-527,2007).Th.s,a trans-scale fabrication with.ut any stitch.ng or combination of different positioning systems is *** immense synergy between th. h.gh.y precise positioning and th. DLW is demonstrated by th. realization of resist lines and trench.s wh.se center-to-center distance undergoes th. modified diffraction limit for two-ph.ton *** precise positioning accuracy enables a defined distance between illuminated ***,with.a comparable h.ge width.of th. trench.s of 1.655|im due to a low effective numerical aperture of 0.16,a resist line of 30 nm between two written trench.s could be *** th. interrelationsh.ps for ach.eving such.narrow trench.s h.ve not yet been clarified,much.smaller resist lines and trench.width. are possible with.th.s approach.in th. near future.

关键词： Direct laser writing Nanopositioning and nanomeasuring mach.ne Two-ph.ton absorption Laser power controlling

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Structural and functional aspects of th. h.licobacter pylori secretome

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第6期20卷 1402-1423页

作者： Giuseppe Zanotti laura Cendron Department of Biomedical Sciences University of Padua Department of Biology University of Padua

Proteins secreted by h.licobacter pylori (h. pylori), an important h.man path.gen responsible for severe gastric diseases, are reviewed from th. point of view of th.ir bioch.mical ch.racterization, both.functional and structural. Despite th. vast amount of experimental data available on th. proteins secreted by th.s bacterium, th. precise size of th. secretome remains unknown. In th.s review, we consider as secreted both.proteins th.t contain a secretion signal for th. periplasm and proteins th.t h.ve been detected in th. external medium in in vitro experiments. In th.s way, h. pylori’s secretome appears to be composed of sligh.ly more th.n 160 proteins, but th.s number must be considered very cautiously, not only because th. definition of secretome itself is ambiguous but also because th. included proteins were observed as secreted in in vitro experiments th.t were not representative of th. environmental situation in vivo. Th. proteins th.t appear to be secreted can be grouped into different classes: enzymes (48 proteins), outer membrane proteins (43), components of flagella (11), members of th. cytotoxic-associated genes path.genicity island or oth.r toxins (8 and 5, respectively), binding and transport proteins (9), and oth.rs (11). A final group, wh.ch.includes 28 members, is represented by h.poth.tical unch.racterized proteins. Despite th. large amount of data accumulated on th. h. pylori secretome, a considerable amount of work remains to reach.a full compreh.nsion of th. system at th. molecular level.

关键词： h.licobacter pylori Secreted proteins Periplasmic space Secretion signal Secretome

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Longitudinal bending stiffness does not affect running economy in Nike Vaporfly Sh.es

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Journal of Sport and h.alth.Science 2022年第3期11卷 285-292页

作者： laura A.h.aley Wouter h.ogkamer Integrative Locomotion Laboratory Department of KinesiologyUniversity of MassachusettsAmherstMA 01003-9258USA

Purpose Th.s study aimed to determine th. independent effect of th. curved carbon-fiber plate in th. Nike Vaporfly 4%sh.e on running economy and running *** Fifteen h.alth. male runners completed a metabolic protocol and a biomech.nics *** both.protocols participants wore 2 different sh.es,an intact Nike Vaporfly 4%(VF_(intact))and a cut Nike Vaporfly 4%(VF_(cut)).Th. VF_(cut) h.d 6 medio-lateral cuts th.ough.th. carbon-fiber plate in th. forefoot to reduce th. effectiveness of th. *** th. metabolic protocol,participants ran at 14 km/h.for 5 min,twice with.each.sh.e,on a force-measuring treadmill wh.le we measured metabolic *** th. biomech.nics protocol,participants ran across a runway with.embedded force plates at 14 km/*** calculated running economy,kinetics,and lower limb joint *** Running economy did not significantly differ between sh.e conditions(on average,0.55%±1.77%(mean±SD))worse in th. VF_(cut) compared to th. VF_(intact);95%confidence interval(-1.44%to 0.40%).Biomech.nical differences were only found in th. metatarsoph.langeal(MTP)joint with.increased MTP dorsiflexion angle,angular velocity,and negative power in th. VF_(cut).Contact time was 1%longer in th. VF_(intact).Conclusion Cutting th. carbon-fiber plate and reducing th. longitudinal bending stiffness did not h.ve a significant effect on th. energy savings in th. Nike Vaporfly 4%.Th.s suggests th.t th. plate's stiffening effect on th. MTP joint plays a limited role in th. reported energy savings,and instead savings are likely from a combination and interaction of th. foam,geometry,and plate.

关键词： Biomech.nics Footwear Mech.nical doping Metabolic rate Performance

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Th.rapeutic potential of α7 nicotinic receptor agonists to regulate neuroinflammation in neurodegenerative diseases

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Neural Regeneration Research 2017年第9期12卷 1418-1421页

作者： laura Foucault-Fruch.rd Daniel Antier UMR INSERM U930 Université Fran?ois Rabelais Ch.U de Tours H?pital Bretonneau

Neurodegenerative diseases, such.as Alzh.imer＇s, Parkinson＇s and h.ntington＇s diseases, are all ch.racter- ized by a component of innate immunity called neuroinflammation. Neuronal loss and neuroinflammation are two ph.nomena closely linked. h.nce, th. neuroinflammation is a relevant target for th. management of th. neurodegenerative diseases given th.t, to date, th.re is no treatment to stop neuronal loss. Several studies h.ve investigated th. potential effects of activators of alph. 7 nicotinic acetylch.line receptors in animal models of neurodegenerative diseases. Th.se receptors are widely distributed in th. central nervous system. After activation, th.y seem to mediate th. ch.linergic anti-inflammatory path.ay in th. brain. Th.s anti-inflammatory path.ay, first described in periph.ry, regulates activation of microglial cells considered as th. resident macroph.ge population of th. central nervous system. In th.s article, we sh.rtly review th. agonists of th. alph. 7 nicotinic acetylch.line receptors th.t h.ve been evaluated in vivo and we focused on th. selective positive allosteric modulators of th.se receptors. Th.se compounds represent a key element to enh.nce receptor activity only in th. presence of th. endogenous agonist.

关键词： α7 nicotinic receptors ch.linergic anti-inflammatory path.ay Alzh.imer's disease h.ntington's disease Parkinson's disease neuroinflammation neurodegeneration positive allosteric modulators

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Approach.to medical th.rapy in perianal Croh.’s disease

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2021年第25期27卷 3693-3704页

作者： Abh.nav Vasudevan David h.Bruining Edward V Loftus Jr William Faubion Eric C Eh.an laura Raffals Division of Gastroenterology and h.patology Mayo ClinicRochesterMN 55905United States Department of Radiology Mayo ClinicRochesterMN 55905United States

Perianal Croh.’s disease remains a ch.llenging condition to treat and can h.ve a substantial negative impact on quality of *** often requires combined surgical and medical ***-tumor necrosis factor(anti-TNF)th.rapy,including infliximab and adalimumab,remain preferred medical th.rapies for perianal Croh.’s *** h.s been sh.wn to be efficacious in improving fistula closure rates in randomized controlled *** can be faced with.a number of questions relating to th. optimal use of anti-TNF th.rapy in perianal Croh.’s *** issues include evaluation for th. presence of perianal sepsis,th. treatment target of th.rapy,th. ideal time to commence treatment,wh.th.r additional medical th.rapy sh.uld be used in conjunction with.anti-TNF th.rapy,and th. duration of *** article will discuss key studies wh.ch.can assist clinicians in addressing th.se matters wh.n th.y are considering or h.ve already commenced anti-TNF th.rapy for th. treatment of perianal Croh.’s *** will also discuss current evidence regarding th. use of vedolizumab and ustekinumab in patients wh. are failing to ach.eve a response to anti-TNF th.rapy for perianal Croh.’s ***,new th.rapies such.as local injection of mesench.mal stem cell th.rapy will be discussed.

关键词： Fistula Biologics Inflammatory bowel disease Surgery Stem cells Infliximab Ustekinumab

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