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Alcoholism and liver disease in Mexico:Genetic and environmental factors

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2013年第44期19卷 7972-7982页

作者： Sonia Roman Eloy Alfonso Zepeda-Carrillo laura Eugenia Moreno-Luna Arturo Panduro department of Molecular Biology in Medicine Civil Hospital of Guadalajara "Fray Antonio Alcalde" and Health Sciences Center University of GuadalajaraGuadalajara Jalisco 44280 Mexico Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit and Hospital Civil Tepic "Antonio González Guevara" Tepic Nayarit 63000 Mexico

Alcoholism and cirrhosis,which are two of the most serious health problems worldwide,have a broad spectrum of clinical *** diseases are influenced by genetic susceptibility and cultural traits that differ globally but are specific for each *** contrast to other regions around the world,Mexicans present the highest drinking score and a high mortality rate for alcoholic liver disease with an intermediate category level of per capita alcohol *** has a unique history of alcohol consumption that is linked to profound anthropological and social *** Mexican population has an admixture genome inherited from different races,Caucasian,Amerindian and African,with a heterogeneous distribution within the ***,genes related to alcohol addiction,such as dopamine receptor d2 in the brain,or liver alcoholmetabolizing enzymes,such as alcohol dehydrogenase classⅠpolypeptide B,cytochrome P450 2E1 and aldehyde dehydrogenase class 2,may vary from one individual to ***,they may be inherited as risk or non-risk haplogroups that confer susceptibility or resistance either to alcohol addiction or abusive alcohol consumption and possibly liver ***,in this era of genomics,personalized medicine will benefit patients if it is directed according to individual or population-based *** association studies will be required to establish novel strategies for the prevention,care and treatment of liver disease in Mexico and worldwide.

关键词： Alcohol Genes Alcoholism Alcohol dependence Alcohol addiction Alcohol abuse Alcoholic liver cirrhosis Anthropology

Management of Malnutrition in Liver Cancer Patients with Chronic Liver diseases

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Journal of Nutritional Oncology 2016年第1期1卷 21-29页

作者： Asa’d dajani laura Kassym Peter Chung Adnan Abu Hammour Asad dajani Specialist Center Sharjah United Arab Emirates Semey State University Semey Kazakhstan The Ninth Peoples Hospital Shanghai Jiaotong University Shanghai China Abu Hammour Medical Center Dubai United Arab Emirates

Liver cancer is the fifth most common cancer and the third leading cause of cancer death globally. Malnutrition is found in 65-90% of patients with liver cancer and often enhances cancer occurrence and complications, deteriorates liver functions, and promotes early development of refractory ascites and hepatic encephalopathy (HE), increasing both morbidity and mortality. Malnutrition may develop as a result of poor dietary intake, anorexia, medications, side effects to chemotherapy, encephalopathy, as well as socioeconomic limitations. A dedicated clinical team should provide proper assessment of patient’s nutritional status and nutrition supplemental plan to restore liver health and prevent or treat malnutrition. Nutrition assessment is based on medical, nutritional, and medication histories, physical examination for body composition and signs of malnutrition, anthropometric measurements, radio-imaging, laboratory tests, and flow charts or algorithms on patient’s dietary intake and changes in bodyweight. Clinical management depends on patient’s disease and nutritional status. Patients with minor liver affection or compensated liver cirrhosis may have normal diet without any restrictions in carbohydrates, proteins, and fat, but preferably take other supplements supporting the liver. Patients with decompensated liver should consume 25-40 kcal/kg/day and 1.0-1.5 g protein/kg/day. For patients with acute episodes of HE, a temporary protein restriction of 0.6-0.8 g/kg/day should be implemented until HE is eliminated. Patients should consume small, frequent meals throughout the day and add a carbohydrate- and protein-rich evening snack. Other approaches to supporting optimal digestion and nutrition and managing side effects of cancer therapies may be added as well.

关键词： Liver cancer Malnutrition Liver cirrhosis Hepatic encephalopathy Nutrition assessment Nutrition intervention Cancer therapy

Policy implications for awareness gaps in antimicrobial resistance(AMR)and antimicrobial use among commercial Nepalese poultry producers

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Global Health Research and Policy 2021年第1期6卷 447-455页

作者： Anastasia S.Lambrou Gabriel K.Innes laura O’Sullivan Himal Luitel Rebanta K.Bhattarai Hom *** Christopher d.Heaney department of International Health Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public HealthBaltimoreMDUSA department of Epidemiology Rutgers School of Public HealthPiscatawayNJUSA department of Environmental Health&Engineering Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public HealthBaltimoreMDUSA Center for Biotechnology Agriculture and Forestry UniversityRampurChitwanNepal department of Veterinary Microbiology and Parasitology Agriculture and Forestry UniversityRampurChitwanNepal department of Epidemiology Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public HealthBaltimoreMDUSA

Background:Nepal’s poultry industry has increased with a growing middle class,which has translated to an increase in antimicrobial consumption and thus a rise in antimicrobial resistance(AMR).describing and understanding antimicrobial use practices among commercial poultry producers in Nepal may help minimize the risks of AMR development in both humans and animals and determine the effectiveness of relevant ***:From July to August 2018,poultry farmers were randomly recruited from Nepal’s Chitwan district to participate in a cross-sectional *** lead producer in each poultry operation was administered a quantitative structured-survey via a 30-min *** were asked to provide demographics,production practices,and knowledge about their antimicrobial use *** data analysis was performed to obtain frequencies and compare ***:In total,150 commercial poultry producers of whom raised between 300 and 40,000 birds completed the *** 33%(n=49)of producers reported knowing what AMR was,and among them only 50%(n=25)consulted a veterinarian for treatment *** administration for growth promotion was still employed by 13%of poultry ***,critically important antimicrobial drugs,specifically colistin,were identified at 35%of participating *** reported low overall understanding and compliance of withdrawal periods(n=41;27%),which may result in both AMR development and adverse health reactions among consumers who ingest antimicrobial *** Nepal has publicized antimicrobial use policies and awareness campaigns to instill healthy production practices,most producers(82%)were unaware of ***:Many Nepalese poultry producers lack overall antimicrobial use and AMR awareness,which is evidenced by low antimicrobial withdrawal period compliance,use of antimicrobials for growth promotion,and the sustained use of critically important ***

关键词： Antimicrobial resistance Withdrawal period Poultry Nepal One health Health policy

designated critical habitats for *** species are not protected from climate and land-use change

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Geography and Sustainability 2024年第3期5卷 482-490页

作者： Aimee delach laura A.Nunes Alex Borowicz Theodore C.Weber Center for Conservation Innovation Defenders of Wildlife113017th Street NWWashingtonD.C.20036United States

designation of critical habitat is an important conservation tool for species listed as threatened or endangered under the United States(U.S.)Endangered Species Act(ESA).While this is an important protective mechanism,lands designated as critical habitat could still be subject to degradation and fragmentation if they are not also in a protected status that prioritizes biodiversity ***,most designations of critical habitat do not explicitly take climate change into *** objective of our study was to determine whether and to what extent critical habitats for species listed under the ESA are located within protected areas and areas previously identified as climate refugia or climate corridors,to inform management strategies to better conserve and recover these *** mapped the designated critical habitats of 153 ESA-listed species and measured their overlap with previously-identified areas of climate refugia and corridors(CRC),and also with lands designated as nature-protected by *** Survey’s Gap Analysis Project(GAP Status 1 or 2)and working lands with wildlife habitat potential(GAP Status 3).Only 18%of all designated critical habitat is located on lands that are both in CRC and nature-protected,and only 9%of species had over half of their designated critical habitats in such lands.84%of species hadd species persist and recover.

关键词： Endangered Species Act Critical habitat Climate refugia Climate corridors Protected areas Biodiversity conservation

Field study of a soft X-ray aerosol neutralizer combined with electrostatic classifiers for nanoparticle size distribution measurements

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Particuology 2018年第2期16卷 99-106页

作者： Alessia Nicosia laura Manodori Arianna Trentini Isabella Ricciardelli dimitri Bacco Vanes Poluzzi Lorenza di Matteo Franco Belosi Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate (ISAC)-CNR Bologna Italy department of Physics and Earth Sciences University of Ferrara 44122 Ferrara Italy ECSIN - European Center for the Sustainable Impact ofNanotechnology Veneto Nanotech Scpa Rovigo Italy d Regional Agency for Prevention Environment and Energy of Emilia-Romagna (ARPAE) Bologna Italy Regional Agency for Prevention Environment and Energy of Emilia-Romagna (ARPAE) Bologna Italy University of Eastern Piedmont "A. Avogadro" Department of Science and Technology Innovation Alessandria Italy

Most conventional aerosol neutralizers are based on radioactive sources, which are controlled by strict regulations restricting their handling, transport, and storage. The TSI 3087 soft X-ray （SXR） neutralizer circumvents these legal restrictions. The aim of the present work is to compare the performance of a standalone SXR aerosol neutralizer with that of conventional radioactive aerosol neutralizers based on 85Kr （TSI 3077） and 241Am （Grimm 5522） by performing field tests in a real environmental scenario. The results obtained when the SXR neutralizer was connected to a mobility particle sizer spectrometer （MPS）, different from the device suggested by the manufacturer, were comparable with those obtained with the use of radioactive aerosol neutralizers. In changing the neutralizer, the particle number concentrations, measured with the MPS connected to the SXR neutralizer, almost remained within the 10% uncertainty bounds for the particle size interval 10-300 nm, when diffusion losses inside the SXR tube were considered. Based on our comparisons, the SXR neutralizer can be regarded as a standalone instrument that could solve the problems associated with legal restrictions on radioactive neutralizers and fulfil the need for a portable instrument for different field test purposes.

关键词： Aerosol neutralizer Soft X-ray non-radioactive charger Mobility particle sizer spectrometer Particle size distribution diffusion losses

Application of formal languages in polynomial transformations of instances between NP-complete problems

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science C(Computers and Electronics) 2013年第8期14卷 623-633页

作者： Jorge A. RUIZ-VANOYE Joaquín PREZ-ORTEGA Rodolfo A. PAZOS RANGEL Ocotlán díAZ-PARRA Héctor J. FRAIRE-HUACUJA Juan FRAUSTO-SOLíS Gerardo REYES-SALGAdO laura CRUZ-REYES dACI Universidad Autónoma del Carmen Computer Science Centro Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo Tecnológico Systems and Computer Science Instituto Tecnológico de Ciudad Madero Informatics Universidad Politécnica del Estado de Morelos Computer Science Instituto Tecnológico de Cuautla

We propose the usage of formal languages for expressing instances of NP-complete problems for their application in polynomial transformations. The proposed approach, which consists of using formal language theory for polynomial transformations, is more robust, more practical, and faster to apply to real problems than the theory of polynomial transformations. In this paper we propose a methodology for transforming instances between NP-complete problems, which differs from Garey and Johnson's. Unlike most transformations which are used for proving that a problem is NP-complete based on the NP-completeness of another problem, the proposed approach is intended for extrapolating some known characteristics, phenomena, or behaviors from a problem A to another problem B. This extrapolation could be useful for predicting the performance of an algorithm for solving B based on its known performance for problem A, or for taking an algorithm that solves A and adapting it to solve B.

关键词： Formal languages Polynomial transformations NP-completeness

The Prevalence of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Colonization in Patients with Complicated Skin and Skin Structure Infections after Treatment with Linezolid or Vancomycin

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Advances in Infectious diseases 2014年第4期4卷 186-193页

作者： laura A. Puzniak Kimbal d. Ford david B. Huang formerly Pfizer Inc. Collegeville USA Pfizer Inc. Collegeville USA

Background: Complicated skin and skin structure infections (cSSSIs) due to Staphylococcus aureus, including methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA), are associated with significant morbidity. Re-ducing MRSA carriage has been a focus of infection control interventions. The prevalence of MRSA colonization after successful treatment of a MRSA cSSSI is unknown. Methods: Secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial comparing linezolid and vancomycin for the treatment of MRSA cSSSI. Adult patients that had a colonization culture, confirmed MRSA cSSSI, received at least one dose of study treatment, and had an outcome recorded at end of study. Patient, clinical characteristics and prevalence of colonization were compared by treatment regimens. A multivariate regression model identified predictors of MRSA colonization at EOS. Results: There were 456 patients evaluated. The prevalence of MRSA colonization was higher for vancomycin treated patients compared to linezolid treated patients at end of treatment (EOT) (28% vs. 5%, p d EOS (34% vs. 22%, p dependent predictors of colonization at EOS after treatment for a MRSA cSSSI included diagnosis, primarily driven by abscess, black race, treatment with vancomycin, MRSA mixed infection and male gender. Conclusion: Patients treated with linezolid for a cSSSI had less MRSA colonization at EOT and EOS compared to those treated with vancomycin. Multiple independent predictors of MRSA colonization were identified. Additional studies evaluating the relationship of MRSA colonization after treatment of cSSSI are needed.

关键词： Staphylococcus aureus Complicated Skin and Skin Structure Infection Colonization Linezolid

Limited potential of resolvin d1 in treatment of cholestatic liver fibrosis

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Hepatobiliary Surgery and Nutrition 2020年第5期9卷 587-596页

作者： Kerstin Abshagen Alexander Hartmann laura Grüner Marie Liebig Brigitte Vollmar Institute for Experimental Surgery University Medicine RostockRostockGermany

Background:Several studies suggest a role for EPA-and dHA-derived pro-resolving mediators like resolvins in reversing metabolic and inflammatory disturbances seen in various chronic ***,we investigated the effects of resolvin d1(Rvd1)on bile duct ligation(BdL)-induced cholestatic liver ***:Mice were treated daily with Rvd1 or 0.1%ethanol(control)from the day of BdL until the final observation time *** and liver tissue were collected 2,5 and 14 days after BdL for different ***:Rvd1 treatment of mice had no impact on the extent of cholestatic liver injury upon BdL,neither in the acute phase nor in the progressive state of liver *** Rvd1 treatment resulted in a significantly reduced activity of hepatic stellate cells as well as reduced deposition of extracellular matrix 2 days after BdL,mice were not protected from inflammation and further fibrosis ***:These data indicate that Rvd1 has a limited therapeutic potential to treat cholestatic liver diseases,as it has no significant impact on regression of hepatic necroinflammation and fibrotic changes in bile duct-ligated mice.

关键词： Lipid mediator n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids bile duct ligation(BdL) mouse model

Star power: harnessing the reactive astrocyte response to promote remyelination in multiple sclerosis

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第3期19卷 578-582页

作者： Markley Silva Oliveira Junior laura Reiche Emerson daniele Ines Kortebi Maryam Faiz Patrick Küry department of Neurology Neuroregeneration laboratoryMedical FacultyHeinrich-Heine-UniversityDüsseldorfGermany Institute of Medical Science University of TorontoTorontoCanada division of Anatomy Department of SurgeryUniversity of TorontoTorontoCanada

Astrocytes are indispensable for central nervous system development and *** response to injury and disease,astrocytes are integral to the immunological-and the,albeit limited,repair *** this review,we will examine some of the functions reactive astrocytes play in the context of multiple sclerosis and related animal *** will consider the heterogeneity or plasticity of astrocytes and the mechanisms by which they promote or mitigate ***,we will discuss a set of biomedical strategies that can stimulate astrocytes in their promyelinating response.

关键词： astrocytes demyelination drug-based therapies myelin repair oligodendrocyte precursor cells reactive astrogliosis