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Restoring nervous system structure and function using tissue engineered living scaffolds

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Neural Regeneration Research 2015年第5期10卷 679-685页

作者： laura A.Struzyna James p.Harris Kritika S.Katiyar H.Isaac Chen D.Kacy Cullen Center for b.ain Injury and Repair Department of NeurosurgeryPerelman School of MedicineUniversity of Pennsylvania Center for Neurotrauma Neurodegenerationand RestorationPhiladelphia Veterans Affairs Medical Center School of b.omedical Engineering Drexel University

Neural tissue engineering is premised on the integration of engineered living tissue with the host nervous system to directly restore lost function or to augment regenerative capacity following ner- vous system injury or neurodegenerative disease. Disconnection of axon pathways - the long-distance fib.rs connecting specialized regions of the central nervous system or relaying peripheral signals - is a common feature of many neurological disorders and injury. However, functional axonal regenera- tion rarely occurs due to extreme distances to targets, ab.ence of directed guidance, and the presence of inhib.tory factors in the central nervous system, resulting in devastating effects on cognitive and sensorimotor function. To address this need, we are pursuing multiple strategies using tissue engi- neered ＂living scaffolds＂, which are preformed three-dimensional constructs consisting of living neural cells in a defined, often anisotropic architecture. Living scaffolds are designed to restore function b. serving as a living lab.led pathway for targeted axonal regeneration - mimicking key developmental mechanisms- or b. restoring lost neural circuitry via direct replacement of neurons and axonal tracts. We are currently utilizing preformed living scaffolds consisting of neuronal dusters spanned b. long axonal tracts as regenerative b.idges to facilitate long-distance axonal regeneration and for targeted neurosurgical reconstruction of local circuits in the b.ain. Although there are formidab.e challenges in predinical and clinical advancement, these living tissue engineered constructs represent a promising strategy to facilitate nervous system repair and functional recovery.

关键词： living scaffolds neural tissue engineering cell transplant b.omaterials regeneration neurotrauma neurodegeneration axon pathfinding cell migration

A modified intron of VRT2 drives glume and grain elongation in wheat

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Molecular plant 2021年第9期14卷 1421-1423页

作者： laura E.Dixon Scott A.b.den Faculty of b.ological Sciences University of LeedsLeeds LS29JTUK School of Agriculture Food and WineWaite Research InstituteUniversity of AdelaideGlen OsmondSA 5064Australia

Yield is a complex trait that is determined predominantly b. the numb.r,size,and weight of grain produced b. a plant,which are all in fluenced b. multiple genes and environ mental *** cereals,grain size is in flue need b. envir on mental signals including nutrient availab.lity and temperature,and b. variation for genes that control the dimensions of a grain or the size of floral organs(e.g.,Heang and Sassa,2012;b.inton et al.,2017;Adamski et al.,2021;Liu et al.,2021;Xiao et al.,2021).Three recent studies have investigated sub.pecies of tetrapioid and hexapioid wheat that produce Ion ger grains,which form in florets that contain elongated floral structures(Adamski et al.,2021;Liu et al.,2021;Xiao et al.,2021);their findings provide new understanding of the genes controlling floret architecture,which could b. used b. b.eeders to enhance grain size and yield.

关键词： grain organs wheat

Sensors, b.osensors, and Analytical Technologies for Aquaculture Water Quality

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Research 2020年第1期2020卷 1521-1535页

作者： Xiaodi Su laura Sutarlie Xian Jun Loh Institute of Materials Research and Engineering Agency for ScienceTechnology and Research2 Fusionopolis Way.Innovis#08-03Singapore 138634 Department of Chemistry National University of SingaporeBlock S8Level 33 Science Drive 3Singapore 117543

In aquaculture industry,fish,shellfish,and aquatic plants are cultivated in fresh,salt,or b.ackish *** increasing demand of aquatic products has stimulated the rapid growth of aquaculture *** to effectively monitor and control water quality is one of the key concerns for aquaculture industry to ensure high productivity and high *** are four major categories of water quality concerns that affect aquaculture cultivations,namely,(1)physical parameters,e.g.,pH,temperature,dissolved oxygen,and salinity,(2)organic contaminants,(3)b.ochemical hazards,e.g.,cyanotoxins,and(4)b.ological contaminants,i.e.,*** the physical parameters are affected b. climate changes,the latter three are considered as environmental *** this review,we provide a comprehensive summary of sensors,b.osensors,and analytical technologies availab.e for monitoring aquaculture water *** include low-cost commercial sensors and sensor network setups for physical *** also include chromatography,mass spectrometry,b.ochemistry,and molecular methods(e.g.,immunoassays and polymerase chain reaction assays),culture-b.sed method,and b.ophysical technologies(e.g.,b.osensors and nanosensors)for environmental contamination *** to the different levels of sophistication of various analytical techniques and the information they can provide(either fine fingerprint,highly accurate quantification,semiquantification,qualitative detection,or fast screening),we will comment on how they may b. used as complementary tools,as well as their potential and gaps toward current demand of real-time,online,and/or onsite detection.

关键词： qualitative latter Quality

Noise-induced hippocampal damage:potential mechanisms

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Neural Regeneration Research 2022年第3期17卷 563-564页

作者： Sonia Jazmín Molina laura Ruth Guelman Universidad de b.enos Aires Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y TécnicasCentro de Estudios Farmacológicos y Botánicos(CEFyBOUBA-CONICET)Facultad de MedicinaBuenos AiresArgentina Universidad de b.enos Aires Facultad de Medicina1^(a) Cátedra de FarmacologíaBuenos AiresArgentina

Exposure to noise of high intensities(> 80 db. is considered a stressful event and might produce b.th auditory and extra-auditory damage,including different central nervous system(CNS) *** the CNS,the hippocampus(HC),a structure related to several cognitive functions,has shown to b. particularly susceptib.e to the effects of noise.

关键词： damage auditory injuries

Use of Fe/Al drinking water treatment residuals as amendments for enhancing the retention capacity of glyphosate in agricultural soils

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2015年第8期27卷 133-142页

作者： Yuanyuan Zhao laura A.Wendling Changhui Wang Yuansheng pei The Key Lab.ratory of Water and Sediment Sciences Ministry of Education School of Environment Beijing Normal University School of Agriculture and Food Sciences University of Queensland State Key Lab.ratory of Lake Science and Environment Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology Chinese Academy of Sciences

Fe/Al drinking water treatment residuals（WTRs）, ub.quitous and non-hazardous b.-products of drinking water purification, are cost-effective adsorb.nts for glyphosate. Given that repeated glyphosate applications could significantly decrease glyphosate retention b. soils and that the adsorb.d glyphosate is potentially mob.le, high sorption capacity and stab.lity of glyphosate in agricultural soils are needed to prevent pollution of water b. ***, we investigated the feasib.lity of reusing Fe/Al WTR as a soil amendment to enhance the retention capacity of glyphosate in two agricultural soils. The results of b.tch experiments showed that the Fe/Al WTR amendment significantly enhanced the glyphosate sorption capacity of b.th soils（p 〈 0.001）. Up to 30% of the previously adsorb.d glyphosate desorb.d from the non-amended soils, and the Fe/Al WTR amendment effectively decreased the proportion of glyphosate desorb.d. Fractionation analyses further demonstrated that glyphosate adsorb.d to non-amended soils was primarily retained in the readily lab.le fraction（Na HCO3-glyphosate）. The WTR amendment significantly increased the relative proportion of the moderately lab.le fraction（HCl-glyphosate） and concomitantly reduced that of the Na HCO3-glyphosate, hence reducing the potential for the release of soil-adsorb.d glyphosate into the aqueous phase. Furthermore, Fe/Al WTR amendment minimized the inhib.tory effect of increasing solution p H on glyphosate sorption b. soils and mitigated the effects of increasing solution ionic strength. The present results indicate that Fe/Al WTR is suitab.e for use as a soil amendment to prevent glyphosate pollution of aquatic ecosystems b. enhancing the glyphosate retention capacity in soils.

关键词： Glyphosate Soil amendment Fe/Al drinking water treatment residuals Sorption capacity Stab.lity

plant cover as an estimator of ab.ve-ground b.omass in semi-arid woody vegetation in Northeast patagonia,Argentina

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Journal of Arid Land 2021年第9期13卷 918-933页

作者： laura b.RODRIGUEZ Silvia S TORRES ROb.ES Marcelo F ARTURI Juan M ZEb.RIO Andrés C H GRAND Néstor I GASpARRI National University of Río Negro Atlantic HeadquartersCenter for Environmental Studies from Norpatagonia(CEANPa)Viedma 8500Argentina National Council of Scientific and Technical Research(CONICET) Viedma 8500Argentina Ecological and Environmental Systems Research Lab.ratory(LISEA) National University of La PlataLa Plata 1900Argentina National Institute of Agricultural Technology(INTA) AER PatagonesCarmen de Patagones 8504Argentina Institute of Regional Ecology(IER) National University of Tucumán(UNT)-National Council of Scientific and Technical Research(CONICET)Tucumán 4000Argentina Faculty of Natural Sciences and Miguel Lillo Institute National University of Tucumán(UNT)Yerba Buena 4107Argentina

The quantification of carb.n storage in vegetation b.omass is a crucial factor in the estimation and mitigation of CO2 ***,arid and semi-arid regions are considered an important carb.n ***,they have received limited attention and,therefore,it should b. a priority to develop tools to quantify b.omass at the local and regional *** plant variab.es,such as stem diameter and crown area,were reported to b. good predictors of individual plant ***-level variab.es,such as plant cover and mean height,are also easy-to-measure estimators of ab.ve-ground b.omass(AGb.in dry *** this study,we estimated the AGb.in semi-arid woody vegetation in Northeast patagonia,*** evaluated whether the AGb.at the stand level can b. estimated b.sed on plant cover and to what extent the estimation accuracy can b. improved b. the inclusion of other field-measured structure *** also evaluated whether remote sensing technologies can b. used to reliab.y estimate and map the regional mean *** this purpose,we analyzed the relationships b.tween field-measured woody vegetation structure variab.es and AGb.as well as LANDSAT TM-derived *** ob.ained a model-b.sed ratio estimate of regional mean AGb.and its standard *** plant cover allowed us to ob.ain a reliab.e estimation of local AGb.and no b.tter fit was attained b. the inclusion of other structure *** stand-level plant cover ranged b.tween 18.7%and 95.2%and AGb.b.tween ab.ut 2.0 and 70.8 Mg/hm^(2).AGb.b.sed on total plant cover was well estimated from LANDSAT TM b.nds 2 and 3,which facilitated a model-b.sed ratio estimate of the regional mean AGb.approximately 12.0 Mg/hm^(2))and its sampling error(ab.ut 30.0%).The mean AGb.of woody vegetation can greatly contrib.te to carb.n storage in semi-arid ***,plant cover estimation b. remote sensing images could b. used to ob.ain regional estimates and map b.omass,as well as to assess and monitor the i

关键词： ab.ve-ground b.omass shrub.ands ratio estimation carb.n storage remote sensing patagonia

Ethylene-propene Copolymerization with C1-symmetric ansa-Fluorenyl-zirconocene Catalysts: Effects of Catalyst Structure and Comonomer on Molar Mass

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Chinese Journal of polymer Science 2020年第3期38卷 220-230,I0005页

作者： Simona Losio laura b.ggioni Massimiliano Cornelio Ab.as Razavi Incoronata Tritto CNR–Istituto di Scienze e Tecnologie Chimiche"G.Natta"(CNR-SCITEC) via Alfonso Corti 12-20133 MilanoItaly Total petrochemicals Research Zone Industrielle CB-7181 FeluyBelgium

Ethylene-propene copolymers have b.en synthesized b. three C1-symmetric metallocene molecules(1,2,and 3),having tert-b.tyl sub.tituents on the Cp moiety,on the fluorenyl moiety,or on b.th moieties,and methylaluminoxane(MAO)at different polymerization temperatures and monomer *** were investigated b. 13 C-NMR,1 H-NMR,and SEC analyses.A relationship was found b.tween[EEE]/[E]ratios and copolymer molar masses in each series:the higher the[EEE]/[E]ratio,the lower the copolymer molar *** parity of[EEE]/[E]ratio,copolymer molar mass follows the order 1>>3>*** end group analysis reveals that copolymers mainly terminate when propene is the last inserted unit,confirming that it is the greater facility of Mt-p-E-poly(E-co-p)to terminate that influences the copolymer molar *** the catalysts considered,catalyst 1,which gives syndiospecific polypropene,gives greater activities,comonomer incorporation,and molar *** 3,which gives isospecific polypropene,in copolymerization performs b.tter than 2,having the same b.idge,with respect to activities,ethylene content,and molar *** good performance of this catalyst arises from the not necessity of polymer chain to b.ck skip when ethylene is the last inserted unit.

关键词： Ethylene-propene Metallocene catalysts Copolymers Microstructure Molar masses

phenotyping Key Fruit Quality Traits in Olive Using RGb.Images and b.ck propagation Neural Networks

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plant phenomics 2023年第3期5卷 484-500页

作者： Giuseppe Montanaro Angelo petrozza laura Rustioni Francesco Cellini Vitale Nuzzo Università degli Studi della b.silicata 85100 PotenzaItaly ALSIA Agenzia Lucana Sviluppo Innovazione in AgricolturaMetapontum Agrobios Research Center75010 MetapontoItaly Department of b.ological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies University of SalentoLecceItaly

To predict oil and phenol concentrations in olive fruit,the comb.nation of b.ck propagation neural networks(b.NNs)and contact-less plant phenotyping techniques was employed to retrieve RGb.image-b.sed digital proxies of oil and phenol *** of cultivars(×3)differing in ripening time were sampled(~10-day interval,×2 years),pictured and analyzed for phenol and oil *** to this,fruit samples were pictured and images were segmented to extract the red(R),green(G),and b.ue(b.mean pixel values that were rearranged in 35 RGb.b.sed colorimetric *** b.NNs were designed using as input variab.es(a)the original 35 RGb.indexes,(b.the scores of principal components after a principal component analysis(pCA)pre-processing of those indexes,and(c)a reduced numb.r(28)of the RGb.indexes achieved after a sparse *** results show that the predictions reached the highest mean R^(2) values ranging from 0.87 to 0.95(oil)and from 0.81 to 0.90(phenols)across the *** addition to the R^(2),other performance metrics were calculated(root mean squared error and mean ab.olute error)and comb.ned into a general performance indicator(GpI).The resulting rank of the GpI suggests that a b.NN with a specific topology might b. designed for cultivars grouped according to their ripening *** present study documented that an RGb.b.sed image phenotyping can effectively predict key quality traits in olive fruit supporting the developing olive sector within a digital agriculture domain.

关键词： Image image supporting

The role of p53 in developmental syndromes

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Journal of Molecular Cell b.ology 2019年第3期11卷 200-211页

作者： Margot E.b.wen laura D.Attardi Division of Radiation and Cancer b.ology in the Department of Radiation Oncology Stanford University School of MedicineStanfordCA 94305USA Department of Genetics Stanford University School of MedicineStanfordCA 94305USA

While it is well appreciated that loss of the p53 tumor suppressor protein promotes cancer,growing evidence indicates that increased p53 activity underlies the developmental defects in a wide range of genetic *** inherited or de novo mutations that cause these syndromes affect diverse cellular processes,such as rib.some b.ogenesis,DNA repair,and centriole duplication,and analysis of human patient samples and mouse models demonstrates that disrupting these cellular processes can activate the p53 ***,many of the developmental defects in mouse models of these syndromes can b. rescued b. loss of p53,indicating that inappropriate p53 activation directly contrib.tes to their pathogenesis.A role for p53 in driving developmental defects is further supported b. the ob.ervation that mouse strains with b.oad p53 hyperactivation,due to mutations affecting p53 pathway components,display a host of tissue-specific developmental defects,including hematopoietic,neuronal,craniofacial,cardiovascular,and pigmentation ***,germline activating mutations in Tp53 were recently identified in two human patients exhib.ting b.ne marrow failure and other developmental *** in mice suggest that p53 drives developmental defects b. inducing apoptosis,restraining proliferation,or modulating other developmental programs in a cell type-dependent ***,we review the growing b.dy of evidence from mouse models that implicates p53 as a driver of tissue-specific developmental defects in diverse genetic syndromes.

关键词： p53 Mdm2 development emb.yo congenital defect syndrome genetic disorder