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Modeling Plume-Rise of.Air Emissions f.om Animal Housing Systems: Inverse AERMOD

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Journal of.Environmental Protection 2017年第11期8卷 1254-1269页

As f.te and transport of.air emissions f.om animal housing systems is of.increasing concern, dispersion models have become commonly used tools to estimate the downwind concentrations of.pollutants at certain locations surrounding the animal production f.rms. In application of.Gaussian dispersion model f.r downwind concentration predictions of.animal housing emissions, unknown plume rise (△h) and plume shape of.the horizontally emitted plumes f.om animal housing systems have been vital weak points challenging the accuracy of.the model predictions. This paper reports an inverse AERMOD modeling study to derive the plum rises of.PM10 emissions f.om mechanically ventilated egg production houses based upon f.eld measurements of.PM10 emission rate, downwind concentrations, and meteorological conditions. In total, 87 hourly plume rises were f.und f.r 20 days (f.ve days per season f.r f.ur seasons, f.om f.ll 2008 to summer 2009). The mean plume rises f.r f.ll 2008, winter 2008, spring 2009 and summer 2009 were 16.2 m (SE = 11.2 m), 7.9 m (SE = 9.5 m), 16.5 m (SE = 12.4 m), and 14.3 m (SE = 10.0 m), respectively. The relationships between plume rises and various f.ctors were tested. While the diurnal patterns of.the plume rises were not consistent among dif.erent selective days, they generally f.llowed the diurnal patterns of.house ventilation rates. Plume rise f.r weekends were signif.cantly higher than those f.r weekdays in f.ll. Multiple linear regression showed a signif.cant positive relationship (p = 0.0134) between wind speed and the plume rises. Ambient relative humidity and total volume f.ow were also f.und to be slightly (p = 0.171 and 0.217, respectively) related to the plume rises.

关键词： Animal f.eding Operation Air Emission Plume-Rise AERMOD

Auditing concepts and applications : a risk analysis approach / 4th ed.

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Analysis of.Transcriptome Changes Induced by Ptr ToxA in Wheat Provides Insights into the Mechanisms of.Plant Susceptibility

1999年

作者： Konrath larry f.

来源：畅想之星图书光盘版（南... 评论

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Molecular Plant 2009年第5期2卷 1067-1083页

作者： Iovanna Pandelova Melania f. Betts Viola A. Manning larry J. Wilhelm Todd C. Mockler Lynda M. Ciuf.etti Department of.Botany and Plant Pathology and Center f.r Genome Research and Biocomputing Oregon State University Corvallis OR 97331 USA

To obtain greater insight into the molecular events underlying plant disease susceptibility, we studied transcriptome changes induced by a host-selective toxin of.Pyrenophora tritici-repentis, Ptr ToxA （ToxA）, on its host plant, wheat. Transcriptional prof.ling of.ToxA-treated leaves of.a ToxA-sensitive wheat cultivar was perf.rmed using the GeneChip Wheat Genome Array. An improved and up-to-date annotation of.the wheat microarray was generated and a new tool f.r array data analysis （BRAT） was developed, and both are available f.r public use via a web-based interf.ce. Our data indicate that massive transcriptional reprogramming occurs due to ToxA treatment, including cellular responses typically associated with def.nse. In addition, this study supports previous results indicating that ToxA-induced cell death is triggered by impairment of.the photosynthetic machinery and accumulation of.reactive oxygen species. Based on results of.this study, we propose that ToxA acts as both an elicitor and a virulence f.ctor.

关键词： Gene expression transcriptome analysis def.nse responses f.ngal pathogenesis plant-microbe interactions host-selective toxin.

Quantif.ing Spatiotemporal Change in Landuse and Land Cover and Accessing Water Quality: A Case Study of.Missouri Watershed James Sub-Region, North Dakota

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Journal of.Geographic Inf.rmation System 2016年第6期8卷 663-682页

作者： Papia f. Rozario Peter Oduor larry Kotchman Michael Kangas Environmental and Conservation Sciences North Dakota State University Fargo ND USA Department of.Geosciences North Dakota State University Fargo ND USA North Dakota f.rest Service Molberg Forestry Center Bottineau ND USA North Dakota State University Fargo ND USA

Spatial causal ef.ects on water quality are essential in identif.cation of.vulnerable watersheds. Modelling landuse variables is an ef.ective method of.projecting localized impairment. This study presents an integrated index, designed to gauge the ability of.an 8-digit Hydrologic Unit Code watershed in its ability to produce clean water. This index, IAPCW, can be successf.lly applied on a geospatial platf.rm. In this study we utilized IAPCW to address f.rest cover dynamics of.an impaired watershed, that is, Missouri Watershed James Sub-region in North Dakota. Specif.c parametric f.nctions were analysed and combined within a customized GIS interf.ce to provide a multi-f.ceted structured technique to derive IAPCW. These included ambient f.rest cover, housing density, agricultural land, soil erodibility and road density;it can be lucidly ascertained that where a prevailing f.rest cover undergoes conversion processes, the secondary ef.ect may spur an exponential increase in water treatment costs. These parameters when projected statistically validated temporal and spatial relations of.landuse/land cover dynamics to nutrient concentrations especially those that would be noted at the mouth of.the watershed. In this study, we f.und that the levels of.Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) were much higher f.r the years 2014 to 2016 with a discernible increased alkalizing ef.ect within the watershed. When IAPCW was compared to Annualized Agricultural Nonpoint Source (AnnAGNPS), the spatial distribution generated by the AnnAGNPS study showed that f.llow areas produced signif.cant amounts of.sediment loads f.om the sub-watershed. These same locations in this study generated a low IAPCW.

关键词： Spatial Analyst Index of.Ability to Produce Clean Water Landuse Water Quality

Auditing : a risk analysis approach / 5th ed.

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Transition Modeling of.Land-Use Dynamics in the Pipestem Creek, North Dakota, USA

2002年

作者： Konrath larry f.

来源：畅想之星图书光盘版（南... 评论

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Journal of.Geoscience and Environment Protection 2017年第3期5卷 182-201页

Signif.cant land-use changes in North Dakota have been reported and are widespread over the entire state. Such changing patterns may portend localized impairment to agricultural watersheds. In this study, Land-use Land-cover (LULC) change was modeled using geostatistics. The study area was within the Pipestem Creek watershed, a part of.the Missouri Watershed James Subregion of.North Dakota, USA. Landsat Thematic mapper images f.om the years 2007, 2011 and 2015 were used as preliminary data. LULC inf.rmation f.r these datasets was acquired f.om the Global Land-cover f.cility and Landsat Program. Data analysis, spectral classif.cation and post classif.cation techniques were applied on the datasets. A transition matrix was derived using a Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) model. This study demonstrates that the integration of.satellite remote sensing, GIS and statistics may be an ef.ective approach f.r analyzing the direction, rate, and spatial pattern of.land-use change.

关键词： Markov Chain LULC Change Transition Probabilities

Uncertainty Analysis of.Spatial Autocorrelation of.Land-Use and Land-Cover Data within Pipestem Creek in North Dakota

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Journal of.Geoscience and Environment Protection 2017年第8期5卷 71-88页

作者： Papia f. Rozario Peter G. Oduor larry Kotchman Michael Kangas Environmental & Conservation Sciences North Dakota State University Fargo ND USA Department of.Geosciences North Dakota State University Fargo ND USA State f.rester North Dakota Forest Service Molberg Forestry Center Bottineau ND USA Nursery & State f.rest Team Leader North Dakota State University Fargo ND USA

A major threat to biodiversity in North Dakota is the conversion of.f.rested land to cultivable land, especially those that act as riparian buf.ers. To reverse this trend of.transf.rmation, a validation and prediction model is necessary to assess the change. Spatial prediction within a Geographic Inf.rmation System (GIS) using Kriging is a popular stochastic method. The objective of.this study was to predict spatial and temporal transf.rmation of.a small agricultural watershed—Pipestem Creek in North Dakota;USA using satellite imagery f.om 1976 to 2015. To enhance the dif.erence between f.rested land and non-f.rested land, a spectral transf.rmation method—Tasseled-Cap’s Greenness Index (TCGI) was used. To study the spatial structure present in the imagery within the study period, semivariograms were generated. The Kriging prediction maps were post-classif.ed using Remote Sensing techniques of.change detection to obtain the direction and intensity of.f.rest to non-f.rest change. TCGI generated higher values f.om 1976 to 2000 and it gradually reduced f.om 2000 to 2011 indicating loss of.f.rested land.

关键词： Kriging Tasseled Cap Greenness Index Land-Use and Land-Cover

The comparative ef.ectiveness of.granules or blocks of.superporous hydroxyapatite f.r the treatment of.intrabony periodontal def.cts

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Open Journal of.Stomatology 2012年第2期2卷 81-87页

作者： Yoshihide Shirai Kazuhiro Okuda Takehiko Kubota larry f. Wolf. Hiromasa Yoshie Division of.Periodontology Department of Developmental and Surgical Sciences University of Minnesota School of Dentistry Minnesota USA Division of.Periodontology Department of Oral Biological Science Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences Niigata Japan Shirai Dental Clinic Private Practice Osaka Japan

The aim of.the present controlled clinical study was to compare the clinical response of.graf.ing superporous hydroxyapatite (HAp) granules to superporous HAp blocks in the treatment of.human intrabony periodontal def.cts. Twenty interproximal intrabony os-seous def.cts in 20 healthy, non-smoking subjects diagnosed with chronic periodontitis were included in this study. These twenty subjects were randomly assigned to either the HAp granule or the HAp block groups. Clinical and radiographic measurements were determined at baseline, 3, 6, 9 and 12-month post-surgical evaluation time periods. When compared to baseline, the 12-month results indicated both treatment procedures resulted in statistically signif.cant f.vorable changes in probing depth (mean value: 3.5 mm versus 3.5 mm), clinical attachment level gain (3.2 mm versus 2.3 mm) and radiographic inf.abony def.ct depth decrease (2.9 mm versus 2.5 mm) f.r HAp granule and HAp block graf.ing respectively. At 3- and 6-months, the granule group, when compared to the block group, exhibited a statistically signif.cantly more f.vorable clinical response in clinical attachment level (4.1 mm versus 5.9 mm, p f.ing of.superporous HAp granules and graf.ing of.HAp blocks were similarly successf.l in the treatment of.human intrabony periodontal def.cts.

关键词： Superporous Hydroxyapatite Granule Block Randomized Controlled Clinical Study

A new strategy f.r ionospheric remote sensing using the 130.4/135.6 nm airglow intensity ratios

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Earth and Planetary Physics 2023年第4期7卷 445-459页

作者： XiaoHan Yin JianQi Qin larry J.Paxton School of.Earth and Space Sciences Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China Applied Physics Laboratory Johns Hopkins UniversityLaurelMD 20723USA

We demonstrate here that global-scale determination of.a key ionospheric parameter,the peak height of.the f.(2)region(h_(m)f.(2)),can be obtained by making a simple ratio measurement of.the atomic oxygen 130.4 and 135.6 nm emissions in the f.r-ultraviolet nightglow with a nadir-viewing system such as a pair of.photometers suitable f.r f.ight on a *** f.rther demonstrate that measurements f.om an altitude that is within the typical range of.nighttime h_(m)f.(2)250−450 km can provide the ratios that are needed f.r retrieval of.the h_(m)f.(2).Our study is conducted mostly through numerical simulations by using radiative transf.r models of.the two emissions coupled with empirical models of.the atmosphere and *** results show that the relationship between the h_(m)f.(2)and the intensity ratio is sensitive to the altitude f.om which the emissions are observed,primarily because of.the distinctly dif.erent degrees of.resonant scattering of.the two emissions in the atmosphere.A roughly quadratic relationship can be established f.r observations f.om an orbit of.400 km,which enables h_(m)f.(2)*** analysis indicates that the relationship can be af.ected by the ambient atmospheric conditions through resonant scattering and O2 *** typical nighttime conditions with h_(m)f.(2)250−450 km,retrieval of.the h_(m)f.(2)f.om synthetic observations shows that the typical errors are only a f.w kilometers(up to~20 km),depending on the accuracy of.the ambient conditions predicted by the empirical *** f.ndings pave the way f.r use of.the 130.4/135.6 nm intensity ratios f.r global-scale monitoring of.the nighttime ionosphere at mid to low latitudes.

关键词： nighttime ionosphere f.r-ultraviolet remote sensing 130.4/135.6 nm airglow intensity ratio peak height of.the f.(2)region(h_(m)f.(2)) TIMED observation