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Health financing policies in Sub-Saharan Africa:government ownership or donors’influence?A scoping review of policymaking processes

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Global Health Research and Policy 2017年第1期2卷 116-132页

作者： lara Gautier Valéry Ridde Department of social and preventive medicine School of Public HealthUniversitéde MontréalMontréalQuébecCanada Public Health Research Institute(IRSPUM) Universitéde MontréalMontréalQuébecCanada Centre d’Etudes en Sciences Sociales sur les Mondes Africains Américains et AsiatiquesUniversitéParis Diderot-Paris VIISorbonne Paris CitéParisFrance

Background:The rise on the international scene of advocacy for universal health coverage(UHC)was accompanied by the promotion of a variety of health financing *** donors presented health insurance,user fee exemption,and results-based financing policies as relevant instruments for achieving UHC in Sub-Saharan ***“donor-driven”push for policies aiming at UHC raises concerns about governments’effective buy-in of such *** the latter has implications on the success of such policies,we searched for evidence of government ownership of the policymaking ***:We conducted a scoping review of the English and French literature from January 2001 to December 2015 on government ownership of decision-making on policies aiming at UHC in Sub-Saharan ***-five(35)results were *** extracted,synthesized and analyzed data in order to provide insights on ownership at five stages of the policymaking process:emergence,formulation,funding,implementation,and ***:The majority of articles(24/35)showed mixed results(*** was identified at one or more levels of policymaking process but not all)in terms of government *** of only five papers provided evidence of ownership at all reviewed policymaking *** results demonstrated some lack of government ownership at any of the five stages,we noticed that donors did not necessarily play a role:other actors’involvement was contributing to undermining government-owned decision-making,such as the private *** also found evidence that both government ownership and donors’influence can successfully ***:Future research should look beyond indicators of government ownership,by analyzing historical factors behind the imbalance of power between the different actors during policy *** is a need to investigate how some national actors become policy champions and thereby influence policy *** order to effectively achiev

关键词： owned policy formulation

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Gut passage of epigeous ectomycorrhizal fungi by two opportunistic mycophagous rodents

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Current Zoology 2011年第3期57卷 293-299页

作者： Citlalli CASTILLO-GUEVARAl Josette SIERRA Gema GALINDO-FLORES Mariana CUAUTLE Carlos lara Centro de Investigacion en Ciencias Biologicas Universidad Autonoma de Tlaxcala Km 10.5 Autopista Tlaxcala-San Martin Texmelucan San Felipe Ixtacuixtla Tlaxcala 90120 Mexico Departamento de Quimica y Biologfa Universidad de las Americas-Puebla Ex-hacienda Sta Catarina Martir s/n Cholula Puebla 72810 Mexico Centro Tlaxcala de Biologia de la Conducta Universidad Autdnoma de Tlaxcala-UNAM Carretera Tlaxcala-Puebla Km 1.5 s/n Tlaxcala Tlaxcala 90070 Mexico

Mycophagists can influence fungal diversity within their home ranges by ensuring the continued and effective dispersal of spores from one site to another. However, the passage of spores through the digestive tract of vertebrates can affect the activity and viability of the spores ingested. This phenomenon has been rarely documented in opportunistic mycophagists consuming epigeous fungi. Using laboratory experiments, we investigated the activity and viability of spores of two epigeous ectomycorrhizal fungal species （Laccaria trichodermophora and SuiUus tomentosus） after passage through the digestive tract of two opportunistic mycophagous small rodents, the volcano mouse Peromyscus alstoni and the deer mouse P maniculatus. We found that passage through the gut of either species of rodent had a significant effect on spore activity and viability for both fungal species. The proportion of active spores （0.37-0.40） of L. trichodermophora in the feces of both species of rodents was less than that recorded for the control （0.82）. However, the proportion of active spores （0.644）.73） of S. tomentosus in the feces of each species of rodent was higher than in the control （0.40）. On the other hand, the viability of spores was lower （0.26-0.30 in L. trichodermophora and 0.604）.69 in S. tomentosus） for both fungi when consumed by either rodent relative to the controls （0.90 in L. trichodermophora and 0.82 in S. tomentosus）. These findings suggest that these rodent species may be effective dispersers of both epigeous fungi [Current Zoology 57 （3）： 293-299, 2011].

关键词： Gut passage Epigeous ectomycorrhizal fungi Mexico Spore activity and viability Peromyscus

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Editorial on“Perihilar Cholangiocarcinoma-Novel Benchmark Values for Surgical and Oncological Outcomes From 24 Expert Centers”

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Hepatobiliary Surgery and Nutrition 2022年第3期11卷 422-424页

作者： Shivan Sivakumar Flavio GRocha lara Heij Department of Oncology University of OxfordOxfordUK Division of Surgical Oncology Knight Cancer InstituteOregon Health and Science UniversityPortlandORUSA Department of Surgery and Transplantation University Hospital RWTH AachenAachenGermany Institute of Pathology University Hospital RWTH AachenAachenGermany

Cholangiocarcinoma(CCA)is a rare and very aggressive malignancy arising from the biliary *** on the location of the tumor,CCA can be divided in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma(iCCA),perihilar cholangiocarcinoma(pCCA)and distal cholangiocarcinoma(dCCA).Many other characteristics differentiate these groups,including pathological features,oncological approach and surgical techniques,which in turn influences patient outcomes.

关键词： hilar carcinoma Surgical

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Unravelling host-mediated effects on hemiparasitic Mexican mistletoe Psittacanthus calyculatus(DC.)*** traits linked to mutualisms with pollinators and seed dispersers

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2018年第6期11卷 827-842页

作者： Sandra Rodríguez-Mendieta Carlos lara Juan Francisco Ornelas Centro de Investigación en Ciencias Biológicas Universidad Autónoma de Tlaxcalakm 10.5 Carretera San Martín Texmelucan-TolucaSan Felipe IxtacuixtlaTlaxcala 90120Mexico Departamento de Biología Evolutiva Instituto de EcologíaA.C.(INECOL)Carretera antigua a Coatepec 351XalapaVeracruz 91080Mexico

Aims While the influence of mistletoe-host interactions on each other’s evolution is well-recognized,the role of interactions between mis-tletoes and its mutualistic pollinators and seed dispersers mediated by host species is relatively *** Here,we examine the effects of host species(Mexican hawthorn Crataegus mexicana DC,black cherry Prunus serotina Ehrh.,leather-leaf Mexican oak Quercus crassipes Bonpl.)on flower morphology,nectar production,pollinator visitation rate and female reproduct-ive fitness in hemiparasitic Mexican mistletoe Psittacanthus caly-culatus(DC.)***(Loranthaceae)populations at three different *** first measured the lengths of corolla,style,stamen,exerted stamen and anther,the length and width of the ovary and nectar availability for mistletoe flowers in natural ***,we evaluated flower visitation and measured(length and width)and weighed the fruits and its seeds of mistletoes growing on each of the three host ***,we evaluated the effects of host species,location and flower traits on fruit or seed size variation(both as proxies of reproductive fitness).Important Findings We found mistletoes growing on natural hosts *** and *** produced larger flowers,fruits and seeds than mistle-toes on cultivated ***,these differences varied across *** amount of available nectar and hummingbird vis-itation rates in flowers of mistletoes on *** was higher at the three sites than in flowers of mistletoes on *** or *** effects of host species,study site and floral trait covariates affected significantly all fitness measures,indicating that mistletoes’reproductive fitness is affected differently depending on the host species and their site of *** host-associated differ-ences in reproduction might have implications for interactions with mutualistic vectors.

关键词： floral and fruit traits hosts hummingbirds local host adaptation mistletoes nectar parasitic plants pollination Psittacanthus

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Liver-directed therapies for liver metastases from neuroendocrine neoplasms:Can laser ablation play any role?

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2020年第23期26卷 3118-3125页

作者： Sergio Sartori lara Bianchi Francesca Di Vece Paola Tombesi Department of Internal Medicine Section of Interventional UltrasoundSt.Anna HospitalFerrara 44100Italy

Aggressive cytoreduction can prolong survival in patients with unresectable liver metastases(LM)from neuroendocrine neoplasms(NEN),and minimally invasive,liver-directed therapies are gaining increasing ***-based treatments are used in disseminated disease,whereas ablation techniques are usually indicated when the number of LM is *** radiofrequency ablation(RFA)is by far the most used ablative technique,the goal of this opinion review is to explore the potential role of laser ablation(LA)in the treatment of LM from *** uses thinner needles than RFA,and this is an advantage when the tumors are in at-risk ***,the multi-fiber technique enables the use of one to four laser fibers at once,and each fiber provides an almost spherical thermal lesion of 12-15 mm in *** a characteristic enables to tailor the size of each thermal lesion to the size of each tumor,sparing the liver parenchyma more than any other liver-directed therapy,and allowing for repeated treatments with low risk of liver failure.A recent retrospective study reporting the largest series of LM treated with LA documents both safety and effectiveness of LA,that can play a useful role in the multimodality approach to LM from NEN.

关键词： Neuroendocrine neoplasms Liver metastases Liver-directed therapies Ablation techniques Laser ablation Radiofrequency ablation

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Glutamine transporters as pharmacological targets: From function to drug design

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Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 2020年第2期15卷 207-219页

作者： Mariafrancesca Scalise Lorena Pochini Michele Galluccio lara Console Cesare Indiveri Department of DiBEST(Biologia Ecologia e Scienze della Terra)University of CalabriaArcavacata di Rende(CS)87036Italy

Among the different targets of administered drugs,there are membrane transporters that play also a role in drug delivery and ***,drug-transporter interactions are responsible for off-target effects of drugs underlying their *** improvement of the drug design process is subjected to the identification of those membrane transporters mostly relevant for drug absorption,delivery and side effect production.A peculiar group of proteins with great relevance to pharmacology is constituted by the membrane transporters responsible for managing glutamine traffic in different body *** interest around glutamine metabolism lies in its physio-pathological role;glutamine is considered a conditionally essential amino acid because highly proliferative cells have an increased request of glutamine that cannot be satisfied only by endogenous ***,glutamine transporters provide cells with this special *** the glutamine transporters,SLC1A5,SLC6A14,SLC6A19,SLC7A5,SLC7A8 and some members of SLC38 family are the best characterized,so far,in both physiological and pathological *** 3D structures have been solved by CryoEM;other structural data on these transporters have been obtained by computational *** with drugs have been described for several transporters of this *** some of them,the studies are at an advanced stage,for others,the studies are still in nuce and novel biochemical findings open intriguing perspectives.

关键词： Glutamine transporters Drug delivery Pharmacokinetics Screening Proteoliposome

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As-cast and extruded Mg-Zn-Ca systems for biodegradable implants:Characterization and corrosion behavior

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Journal of Magnesium and Alloys 2023年第3期11卷 1102-1120页

作者： lara Moreno Endzhe Matykina Kiryl A.Yasakau Carsten Blawert Raul Arrabal Marta Mohedano Departamento de Ingeniería Química y de Materiales Facultad de Ciencias QuímicasUniversidad Complutense de Madrid28040 MadridSpain Department of Materials and Ceramic Engineering CICECO-Aveiro institute of materialsUniversity of Aveiro3810-193 AveiroPortugal Institute of Surface Science Helmholtz-Zentrum HereonMax-Planck Strasse 1Geesthacht 21502Germany

The aim of the present study is to evaluate the effect of alloy processing and composition as well as the pH control and testing medium on the in vitro corrosion performance of Mg-Zn-Ca systems for biodegradable *** grain size and secondary phases were analyzed by optical microscopy,scanning electron microscopy,transmission electron microscopy,and X-ray *** kelvin probe force microscopy(SKPFM)was used to analyze the Volta potential values of the second *** corrosion performance of the three alloys was evaluated by electrochemical and hydrogen evolution methods inα-MEM with and without organic species(*** and inorganicα-MEM).Two strategies were followed to evaluate the influence of the pH on the corrosion behavior:daily solution replacement and CO_(2)flow based pH *** all the materials,the organic medium accelerates the corrosion *** pH maintained by CO_(2)flow through the medium results in considerably higher corrosion rates for all *** impact of pH is lesser on the as-cast alloys due to the barrier effect of the secondary phases,particularly pronounced in the Mg1Zn1Ca alloy which showed the lowest corrosion *** wrought Mg0.5Zn0.2Ca alloy that lacks the refined secondary phase network and exhibits high number of twins undergoes accelerated uniform corrosion under constant pH conditions.

关键词： MgZnCa Magnesium Biomaterials Characterization Corrosion

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The role of defects association in structural and transport properties of the Ce_(1-x)(Nd_(0.74)Tm_(0.26))_xO_(2-x/2) system

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Journal of Energy Chemistry 2021年第9期30卷 494-502页

作者： Cristina Artini Sabrina Presto Massimo Viviani Sara Massardo Maria Maddalena Carnasciali lara Gigli Marcella Pani DCCI Department of Chemistry and Industrial ChemistryUniversity of GenovaVia Dodecaneso 3116146 GenovaItaly Institute of Condensed Matter Chemistry and Technologies for Energy National Research CouncilCNR-ICMATEVia De Marini 616149 GenovaItaly Institute of Condensed Matter Chemistry and Technologies for Energy National Research CouncilCNR-ICMATEc/o DICCA-UNIGEVia all’Opera Pia 1516145 GenovaItaly INSTM Genova Research UnitVia Dodecaneso 3116146 GenovaItaly Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A. ss 14km 163.534149 BasovizzaTriesteItaly CNR-SPIN Genova Corso Perrone 2416152 GenovaItaly

An experimental investigation of the crystallographic,Raman and transport properties of the Ce_(1-x)(Nd_(0.74)Tm_(0.26))_xO_(2-x/2)(0.1≤x≤0.6) doped ceria system was performed with the aim of setting out correlations between structural features and ionic conductivity of the *** chosen composition ensures that the average size of the Nd^(3+) and Tm^(3+) doping ions coincides with the one of Sm^(3+);even so,the studied system presents larger cell parameters and a wider compositional extent of the CeO_(2)-based solid solution than Sm-doped ***,the occurrence of two different activation energies to ionic conduction below and above ~750 K determines the existence of two distinct conduction *** described experimental results agree with the formation below the threshold temperature of1 V_O2 Tm'_(Ce) trimers,which promote the incorporation of Nd'_(Ce) isolated defects into the CeO_(2)-based solid *** the high temperature range the dissociation of trimers induces the appearance of a lower activation energy;the extrapolation of its value at infinite dilution provides a result in good accordance with the expected binding energy of 1 V_ORE'_(Ce) dimers,pointing at their stability even in the high temperature conduction regime.

关键词： Solid oxide fuel cells RE-doped ceria High resolution X-ray powder diffraction Rietveld refinement μ-Raman spectroscopy Impedance spectroscopy

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Factors affecting the dominance hierarchy dynamics in a hummingbird assemblage

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Current Zoology 2019年第3期65卷 261-268页

作者： Ubaldo MARQUEZ-LUNA Carlos lara Pablo CORCUERA Pedro Luis VALVERDE Doctorado en Ciencias Biologicas y de la Salud Universidad Autonoma Metropolitana-lztapalapa Ciudad de Mexico Mexico Centro de Investigacion en Ciencia Biologicas Universidad Autonoma de Tlaxcala. Km 10.5 Autopista Tlaxcala-San Martin Texmelucan San Felipe Ixtacuixtla Tlaxcala Mexico Departamento de Biologia Universidad Autonoma Metropolitana-lztapalapa Ciudad de Mexico

Intra and in terspecific competiti on for n ectar play an imports nt role in hummingbird communities. Larger sized species usually exclude smaller species from the rich floral resources. However, it has been recently postulated that the competitive advantages of a large body size decline as the evolutionary distance between the contending species in creases. In this study, we analyzed dominance hierarchy dynamics in a hummingbird assemblage in central Mexico. By monitoring hummingbird territories established in three plant species through 1 year, we assessed the effects of energy within territories and the territory owners identity in the frequency of inter and intraspecific encounters. We also evaluated if these factors affect the dominance of larger species when they compete against smaller distantly related contenders. Our results show that their frequency of intraspecific encounters was related with the identity of the territory's owner. On the contrary, the frequency of interspecific encounters was related with both the territory and the identity of the territory's owner. We did not find a significant difference between the number of encounters dominated by larger and smaller species and their conte nders. However, the in crease in genetic dista nee between contenders was positively associated with a higher frequency of encounters dominated by small *** results showed that the ecological factors and evolutionary relationships among contenders play important roles in the dominance hierarchy dynamics.

关键词： agonistic behavior competition hummingbirds resource quality territoriality

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The effects of data aggregation on long-term projections of forest stands development

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Forest Ecosystems 2024年第3期11卷 381-389页

作者： Kobra Maleki Rasmus Astrup Nicolas Cattaneo Wilson lara Henao Clara Anton-Fernandez Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research Division of Forestry and Forest ResourcesP.O.Box 115ÅsNO-1431Norway

Forest management planning often relies on Airborne Laser Scanning(ALS)-based Forest Management Inventories(FMIs)for sustainable and efficient *** the area-based(ABA)approach,these inventories estimate forest characteristics for grid cell areas(pixels),which are then usually summarized at the stand *** the ALS-based high-resolution Norwegian Forest Resource Maps(16 m×16 m pixel resolution)alongside with stand-level growth and yield models,this study explores the impact of three levels of pixel aggregation(standlevel,stand-level with species strata,and pixel-level)on projected stand *** results indicate significant differences in the projected outputs based on the aggregation ***,the most substantial difference in estimated volume occurred between stand-level and pixel-level aggregation,ranging from-301 to+253 m^(3)·ha^(-1)for single *** differences were,on average,higher for broadleaves than for spruce and pine dominated stands,and for mixed stands and stands with higher variability than for pure and homogenous *** conclusion,this research underscores the critical role of input data resolution in forest planning and management,emphasizing the need for improved data collection practices to ensure sustainable forest management.

关键词： Growth and yield models Dominant species Norway spruce Scots pine Broadleaves Forest resource map Stand variability

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