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Soil compaction and arbuscular mycorrhizae affect seedling growth of three grasses

Open Journal of Ecology 2013年第7期3卷 455-463页

作者： Mark Thorne landon rhodes John Cardina Department of Horticulture and Crop Science Ohio Agricultural and Research Development Center The Ohio State University Wooster USA Department of Plant Pathology The Ohio State University Columbus USA Environmental Science Graduate Program The Ohio State University Columbus USA

Soil compaction is a limitation to establishment of native forest species on reclaimed surfacemined lands in Appalachia. Previously, non-native forage species such as tall fescue (Schedonorus arundinaceus(Schreb.) Dumort., nom. cons.) have been planted because they easily established on reclaimed mine soil. There is now interest in establishing robust native prairie species to enhance biodiversity and provide greater potential for root activity in the compacted soil. We conducted a 10-week glasshouse study comparing growth of “Pete” eastern gamagrass (Tripsacum dactyloidesL.), “Bison” big bluestem (Andropogon gerardiiVitman), and “Jesup MaxQ” tall fescue at soil bulk densities (BD) of 1.0, 1.3, and 1.5 g·cm-3. We also examined effects of arbuscular-mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) on plant growthin relation to compaction. Sources of AMF were a reclaimed surface coal mine soil and a native tallgrass prairie soil. Shoot and root biomass of tall fescue and big bluestem were reduced at 1.5 BD while eastern gamagrass growth was not affected. Growth ofbig bluestem and eastern gamagrass was greaterwith AMF than without, butsimilar between AMF sources. Tall fescue growthwas not enhanced by AMF. Overall, tall fescue biomass was 3 times greater than eastern gamagrass and 6 times greater than big bluestem when comparing only AMF-colonized grasses. Eastern gamagrass and big bluestem are both slower to establish than tall fescue. Eastern gamagrass appears to be more tolerant of compaction, while big bluestem appears somewhat less tolerant.

关键词： Soil Compaction Arbuscular Mycorrhizae Prairie Grass Establishment

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Effectivity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi collected from reclaimed mine soil and tallgrass prairie

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Open Journal of Ecology 2013年第3期3卷 224-233页

作者： Mark Thorne landon rhodes John Cardina Department of Horticulture and Crop Science Ohio Agricultural and Research Development Center The Ohio State University Columbus USA Department of Plant Pathology The Ohio State University Columbus USA Environmental Science Graduate Program The Ohio State University Columbus USA

We examined suitability of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) associated with cool-season nonnative forages on reclaimed surface-mined land in southeast Ohio for establishment of native warm-season grasses. The goal of establishing these grasses is to diversify a post-reclamation landscape that is incapable of supporting native forest species. A 16-week glasshouse study compared AMF from a 30-year reclaimed mine soil (WL) with AMF from native Ohio tallgrass prairie soil (CL). Four native grasses were examined from seedling through 16 weeks of growth. Comparisons were made between CL and WL AMF on colonized (+AMF) and non-colonized plants (–AMF) at three levels of soil phosphorus (P). Leaves were counted at 4 week intervals. Shoot and root biomass and percent AMF root colonization were measured at termination. We found no difference between WL and CL AMF. Added soil P did not reduce AMF colonization, but did reduce AMF efficacy. Big bluestem (Andropogon gerardii Vitman), Indiangrass (Sorghastrum nutans (L.) Nash), and tall dropseed (Sporobolus asper (Michx.) Kunth) benefited from AMF only at low soil P while slender wheatgrass (Elymus trachycaulus (Link) Gould ex Shinners) exhibited no benefit. Establishment of tallgrass prairie dominants big blue-stem and Indiangrass would be supported by the mine soil AMF. It appears that the non-native forage species have supported AMF equally functional as AMF from a regionally native tallgrass prairie. Tall dropseed and slender wheatgrass were found to be less dependent on AMF than big bluestem or Indiangrass and thus would be useful in areas with little or no AMF inoculum.

关键词： Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Mycorrhizae Ecosystem Restoration Surface Mining Calcareous Mine Soil Prairie Grasses

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Future considerations in prosthetic urology

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Asian Journal of Andrology 2020年第1期22卷 70-75页

作者： landon Trost Mayo Clinic Department of Urology200 First St SW RochesterMN 55905USA

Since their popularization,genitourinary prosthetics have remained a gold-standard therapy for the treatment of erectile dysfunction and stress urinary incontinence and in cases of testicular loss or *** have also represented an area of significant innovation,which has contributed to excellent long-term *** this history,the objective of the current review was to provide a 5-10-year outlook on anticipated trends and developments in the field of genitourinary *** accomplish this objective,a PubMed and patent search was performed of topics relating to penile and testicular prostheses and urinary *** regard to penile prostheses,findings demonstrated several new concepts including temperature-sensitive alloys,automated pumps,devices designed specifically for neophalluses,and improved malleable *** artificial urinary sphincters,new concepts include the ability to add or remove fluid from an existing system,two-piece systems,and new mechanisms to occlude the *** testicular prosthetics,future implementations may not only better replicate the feel of a biological testicle but also add endocrinological *** device innovation,the future of prosthetics is also one of expanding geographic boundaries,which necessitates variable cost modeling and regulatory *** trends are also changing,with a greater emphasis on nonnarcotic,postoperative pain control,outpatient surgeries,and adjunctive techniques to lengthen the penis and address concomitant stress incontinence,among *** with device and surgical changes,future considerations also include a greater need for education and training,particularly given the rapid expansion of sexual medicine into developing nations.

关键词： erectile dysfunction penile induration penile prosthesis prostheses and implants stress urinary incontinence

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Decision support for integrated river basin management—Scientific research challenges

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Science China Earth Sciences 2015年第1期58卷 16-24页

作者： CAI XiMing landon MARSTON GE YingChun Ven Te Chow Hydrosystems Laboratory Department of Civil and Environmental EngineeringUniversity of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences

Integrated River Basin Management(IRBM)has been a long discussed way to sustainably manage water and land resources;yet,very few examples of effective IRBM are found because there is a lack of sufficient scientific support,as well as institutional accommodation,to successfully implement *** paper overviews the major challenges with IRBM,the promising scientific approaches for the implementation of IRBM,and the areas of needed research,with considerable issues and experiences from *** is expected that novel research will draw together disparate disciplines into an integrated scientific framework,upon which better modeling tools,stakeholder involvement,and decision-making support can be ***-edge new technologies will bring ideas of IRBM forward to theory and finally to *** paper will prompt scientists to undertake research to fill in the gaps in the current IRBM knowledge base and provide practitioners guidance on how to incorporate scientifically based information within the IRBM decision process.

关键词： integrated river basin management scientific framework decision support China

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水库大坝地震后特别检查(英文)

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岩土工程学报 2008年第11期30卷 1661-1668页

作者： Martin Wieland Norihiso Matsumoto Ian landon-Jones Donald Babbitt Chairman ICOLD Committee on Seismic Aspects of Dam DesignPoyry Energy Ltd.ZurichSwitzerland Vice-President of ICOLD AdvisorJapan Dam Engineering CenterMinatoTokyoJapan General Manager of Dam Safety Sydney Catchment AuthoritySydneyAustralia Dam Consultant SacramentoCaliforniaUSA

地震可以不同方式对水库大坝造成破坏:①强烈的地振动;②坝基沿断层或其他间断面的位移;③水库内断层活动引起波浪使大坝失去超高;④岩体向水库运动形成冲击波。大地震影响的范围较广,可能影响的水库大坝数量也较多,如2001年发生的印度B... 详细信息

地震可以不同方式对水库大坝造成破坏:①强烈的地振动;②坝基沿断层或其他间断面的位移;③水库内断层活动引起波浪使大坝失去超高;④岩体向水库运动形成冲击波。大地震影响的范围较广,可能影响的水库大坝数量也较多,如2001年发生的印度Bhuj地震,有240多座水库大坝(主要为小型的土石坝)因遭受破坏而需要除险加固。另外,2008年5月12日发生在四川汶川的8级地震,有1580多座水库大坝遭受到不同程度的破坏。2008年6月14日日本Iwate-Miyagi Nairiku7.2级地震发生后,对其涉及的134座水库大坝进行了地震后特别检查。通常,负责大坝安全的部门需要通过调查对震损水库的安全状况进行评估,进行调查时最好使用检查表。2008年国际大坝委员会对使用了20a的地震后水坝检查导则进行了全面修订,其中包括土石坝及混凝土坝的震后检查表。介绍了导则修改后的特点,并希望提供的检查表不仅应用于水库大坝的震后检查,也可应用于水库大坝一般检查。

关键词：大坝安全大坝检查强振仪地震破坏

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Slowed driving-reaction time following concussion-symptom resolution

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2021年第2期10卷 145-153页

作者： landon B.Lempke Robert C.Lynall Nicole L.Hoffman Hannes Devos Julianne D.Schmidt UGA Concussion Research Laboratory Department of KinesiologyUniversity of GeorgiaAthensGA 30602USA School of Kinesiology and Recreation Illinois State UniversityNormalIL 61790USA Laboratory for Advanced Rehabilitation Research in Simulation Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation ScienceUniversity of Kansas Medical CenterKansas CityKS 66160USA

Background:Concussed patients have impaired reaction time(RT)and cognition following injury that may linger and impair driving *** research has used direct methods to assess driving-RT *** study compared driving RT during simulated scenarios between concussed and control individuals and examined driving-RT’s relationship with traditional computerized neurocognitive testing(CNT)***:We employed a cross-sectional study among 14 concussed(15.9±9.8 days post-concussion,mean±SD)individuals and 14 healthy controls matched for age,sex,and driving *** completed a driving simulator and CNT(CNS Vital Signs)assessment within 48 h of symptom resolution.A driving-RT composite(ms)was derived from 3 simulated driving scenarios:stoplight(green to yellow),evasion(avoiding approaching vehicle),and pedestrian(person running in front of vehicle).The CNT domains included verbal and visual memory;CNT-RT(simple-,complex-,Stroop-RT individually);simple and complex attention;motor,psychomotor,and processing speed;executive function;and cognitive *** t tests and Hedge d effect sizes assessed driving-RT differences between groups,Pearson correlations(r)examined driving RT and CNT domain relationships among cohorts separately,and p values were controlled for false discovery rate via Benjamini-Hochberg procedures(a=0.05).Results:Concussed participants demonstrated slower driving-RT composite scores than controls(mean difference=292.86 ms;95%confidence interval(95%CI):70.18515.54;p=0.023;d=0.992).Evasion-RT(p=0.054;d=0.806),pedestrian-RT(p=0.258;d=0.312),and stoplight-RT(p=0.292;d=0.585)outcomes were not statistically significant after false-discovery rate corrections but demonstrated medium to large effect sizes for concussed *** concussed individuals,driving-RT outcomes did not significantly correlate with CNT domains(r-range:0.51 to 0.55;p>0.05).No correlations existed between driving-RT outcomes a

关键词： Mild traumatic brain injury Motor vehicle Neurocognitive function Response time Return to driving

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Entropy generation in bypass transitional boundary layer flows

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Journal of Hydrodynamics 2014年第5期26卷 669-680页

作者： GEORGE Joseph OWEN landon D. XING Tao MCELIGOT Donald M. CREPEAU John C. BUDWIG Ralph S. NOLAN Kevin P. Department of Mechanical Engineering College of EngineeringUniversity of IdahoMoscowIdaho 83843USA University of Idaho Idaho FallsIdaho 83402USA University of Idaho BoiseIdaho 83702USA Imperial College London London SW7-28ZUK

The primary objective of this study is to evaluate the accuracy of using computational fluid dynamics （CFD） turbulence models to predict entropy generation rates in bypass transitional boundary layers flows under zero and adverse pressure gradients. Entropy generation rates in such flows are evaluated employing the commercial CFD software, ANSYS FLUENT. Various turbulence and transitional models are assessed by comparing their results with the direct numerical simulation （DNS） data and two recent CFD studies. A solution verification study is conducted on three systematically refined meshes. The factor of safety method is used to estimate the numerical error and grid uncertainties. Monotonic convergence is achieved for all simulations. The Reynolds number based on momentum thickness, Reo, skin-friction coefficient, Cf, approximate entropy generation rates, S, dissipation coefficient, Cd , and the intermittency, y, are calculated for bypass transition simulations. All Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes （RANS） turbulence and transitional models show improvement over previous CFD results in predicting onset of transition. The transition SST k - ω 4 equation model shows closest agreement with DNS data for all flow conditions in this study due to a much finer grid and more accurate inlet boundary conditions. The other RANS models predict an early onset of transition and higher boundary layer entropy generation rates than the DNS shows.

关键词： entropy generation bypass transition Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) transitional boundary layer turbulence models

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AIRWAY CLEARANCE

AIRWAY CLEARANCE

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中华医学会第十三届全国儿科呼吸学术会议

作者： Chris landon Ventura地区医疗中心儿科诊断中心兰德勒儿童基金会

＜正＞～～

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Polymer interdigitated pillar electrostatic(PIPE)actuators

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Microsystems & Nanoengineering 2022年第1期8卷 185-192页

作者： Di Ni Ronald Heisser Benyamin Davaji landon Ivy Robert Shepherd Amit Lal School of Electrical and Computer Engineering Cornell UniversityIthacaNY 14853USA Sibley School of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Cornell UniversityIthacaNY 14853USA

This work reports a three-dimensional polymer interdigitated pillar electrostatic actuator that can produce force densities 5-10×higher than those of biological *** theory of operation,scaling,and stability is investigated using analytical and FEM *** actuator consists of two high-density arrays of interdigitated pillars that work against a restoring force generated by an integrated flexure *** actuator architecture enables linear actuation with higher displacements and pull-in free actuation to prevent the in-use stiction associated with other electrostatic *** pillars and springs are 3D printed together in the same *** pillars are coated with a gold-palladium alloy layer to form conductive *** space between the pillars is filled with liquid dielectrics for higher breakdown voltages and larger electrostatic forces due to the increase in the dielectric *** demonstrated a prototype actuator that produced a maximum work density of 54.6μJ/cc and an electrical-tomechanical energy coupling factor of 32%when actuated at 4000 *** device was operated for more than 100,000 cycles with no degradation in *** flexible polymer body was robust,allowing the actuator to operate even after high mechanical force impact,which was demonstrated by operation after drop *** it is scaled further,the reported actuator will enable soft and flexible muscle-like actuators that can be stacked in series and parallel to scale the resulting *** work paves the way for high-energy density actuators for microrobotic applications.

关键词： alloy electrostatic enable

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Non-seminomatous germ cell tumor with bone metastasis only at diagnosis:A rare clinical presentation

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Asian Journal of Urology 2017年第2期4卷 124-127页

作者： K.C.Biebighauser Jianjun Gao Priya Rao Gene landon Lance Pagliaro Colin PNDinney Jose Karam Neema Navai The University of Texas Medical School at Houston HoustonTXUSA Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTXUSA Department of Pathology The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTXUSA Division of Medical Oncology Department of OncologyMayo ClinicRochesterMNUSA Department of Urology The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHoustonTXUSA

Bone metastasis of non-seminomatous germ cell tumors(NSGCT)of the testes is a rare event and even more uncommon at initial ***,bone lesions are discovered in the presence of concurrent retroperitoneal lymph node or visceral ***,in this case,a 37 years old male complaining of a growing testicular mass was found to have isolated bone metastasis with associated caudaequina syndrome without apparent abnormal findings on initial computed tomography(CT)*** neurologic symptoms prompted further evaluation with magnetic resonance imaging(MRI),which demonstrated multiple sites of bone metastasis without evidence of retroperitoneal lymph node or visceral organ *** case represents a rare clinical presentation and disease manifestation of NSGCT.

关键词： Testis cancer Metastasis Non-seminomatous Yolk sac tumor

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