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Economic Growth, Energy Use, and Greenhouse Gases Emission in Macao SAR, China

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Chinese Journal of Urban and Environmental Studies 2022年第1期10卷 23-43页

作者： Wai Ming TO King hang lam School of Business Macao Polytechnic Institute Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering The University of Hong Kong

A city’s economic structure and energy mix would change when the city is developed to accommodate more residents, visitors, and activities. this paper reviews Macao’s economic growth, energy use, and greenhouse gases(GHG) emission from 1985 to 2020. Specifically, Macao’s gross domestic product(GDP), energy use, and GHG emission have surged after the gaming industry was liberalized in *** official data show that Macao’s GDP was MOP 11 billion in 1985, increased by four-fold to MOP54 billion in 2000, and then surged rapidly to MOP 445 billion in 2019. Additionally, Macao’s total energy use increased from 8,840 TJ in 1985 to 48,330 TJ in 2019 while Macao’s GHG emission increased from 0.70 Mt of CO2-equivalent in 1985 to 6.13 Mt of CO2-equivalent in 2019. Macao’s GHG emission from all local sources per capita and GDP per capita exhibit an inverted U-shaped relationship, showing an environmental Kuznets curve. Due to the negative impact of COVID-19pandemic, Macao’s GDP dropped by 56% to MOP 194 billion while its total energy use and GHG emission dropped by 33% and 17% to 32,198 TJ and 5.06 Mt of CO2-equivalent, respectively, in 2020.

关键词： Economic growth energy use greenhouse gases environmental Kuznets curve COVID-19

TWO-LAYER MODEL DESCRIPTION OF POLYMER thiN FILM DYNAMICS

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Chinese Journal of Polymer Science 2013年第1期31卷 12-20页

作者： Dong-dong Peng Ran-xing Nancy Li Chi-hang lam Ophelia K.C.Tsui Department of Physics Boston University Department of Applied Physics Hong Kong Polytechnic University

Experiments in the past two decades have shown that the glass transition temperature of polymer films can become noticeably different from that of the bulk when the film thickness is decreased below ca. 100 nm. It is broadly believed that these observations are caused by a nanometer interfacial layer with dynamics faster or slower than that of the bulk. In this paper, we examine how this idea may be realized by using a two-layer model assuming a hydrodynamic coupling between the interfacial layer and the remaining, bulk-like layer in the film. Illustrative examples will be given showing how the two-layer model is applied to the viscosity measurements of polystyrene and polymethylmethacrylate films supported by silicon oxide, where divergent thickness dependences are observed.

关键词： Polymer films Glass transition Viscosity.

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Curriculum Adaptation in Special Schools for Students with Intellectual Disabilities(SID):A Case Study of Project Learning in One SID School in Hong Kong

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Frontiers of Education in China 2014年第2期9卷 250-273页

作者： Zhang Jia-Wei WONG lam CHAN Tak-hang CHIU Chi-Shing Hong Kong Institute of Educational Research The Chinese University of Hong KongHong KongChina

Using a qualitative case study approach,the authors analyzed the curriculum adaptation process for one project learning activity in School K,which is a SID school in the context of school-university *** sources of data were collected for triangulation,including interviews,documents and *** adaptation strategies in this study were analyzed from five perspectives:instructional goals,instructional content,instructional strategies,instructional settings,and student behavioral *** was found that curriculum adaptation efforts could help students with ID develop potential at their own level through project learning activates and teachers could also gain professional development during the university-school collaboration *** for future studies,enlarging the sample size,involving teachers’past orientations and motivations in the project learning process,and collecting quantitative data could all be taken into account.

关键词： special education students with intellectual disabilities(SID) curriculum adaptation project learning

Vegetation Biomass of Sargassum Meadows in An Chan Coastal Waters,Phu Yen Province,Vietnam Derived from PlanetScope Image

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Journal of Environmental Science and Engineering(B) 2019年第3期8卷 81-92页

作者： Nguyen thi Thu hang Nguyen Thai Hoa Tong Phuoc Hoang Son lam Nguyen-Ngoc Graduate University of Science and Technology Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology Ha Noi 11355Viet Nam Center for Environmental Monitoring Department of Natural Resources and EnvironmentPhu Yen Prov.56000Viet Nam Institute of Oceanography Vietnam Academy of Science and TechnologyKhanh Hoa Prov.57000Viet Nam

SW(Seaweed)is a valuable coastal resource for its use in food,cosmetics,medicine and other *** this study,PS(PlanetScope)imagery was combined with field sampling to demonstrate the capability of mapping of SAV(Submerge Aquatic Vegetation)(including both SW and SG(Seagrass)beds)and biomass mapping of Sargassum meadows in An Chan coastal waters,Tuy An district,Phu Yen province,*** term of SAV and Sargassum mapping,authors proposed an improved remote sensing technique based on Sagawa’s BRI(Bottom Reflectance Index)algorithm with attention to Tassan’s concept in discrimination of light attenuation coefficient Kd between shallow and deep ***’results showed high accuracy in mapping of SAV and Sargassum distribution with overall accuracy and Kappa coefficient of 92.52%and 0.8957,*** classified class of SW(*** sp.)then was separated absolutely from other classes in SAV map for estimation of Sargassum *** red and green spectral pre-processed BRI channels(***3 and BRI2)of PS were used to estimate the Sargassum biomass using a multiple 2nd order polynomial regression model with very high accuracy(R2=0.9707;RMSE=±109.21 g/m2).The average total Sargassum biomass was 897.8 g/m2 with total Sargassum yield in whole region reaching a value of 449.57 tons in cover area of 50.32 ha of Sargassum *** result opens the great potential of biomass and yield estimation of Sargassum and other SW meadows in coastal waters(including enough optically deep waters)by remote sensing techniques based on PS imagery.

关键词： PS satellite image Sargassum biomass SW BRI

Carvedilol Versus Other Nonselective Beta Blockers for Variceal Bleeding Prophylaxis and Death: A Network Meta-analysis

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Journal of Clinical and Translational Hepatology 2023年第5期11卷 1143-1149页

作者： Ka-Shing Cheung Chiu-hang Mok Lok-Ka lam Xian-Hua Mao Lung-Yi Mak Wai-Kay Seto Man-Fung Yuen Department of Medicine School of Clinical MedicineThe University of Hong KongQueen Mary HospitalHong KongChina Department of Medicine The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen HospitalShenzhenGuangdongChina School of Clinical Medicine The University of Hong KongHong KongChina State Key Laboratory of Liver Research The University of Hong KongHong KongChina

Background and Aims:We aimed to perform a network meta-analysis(NWM)to examine comparative effectiveness of non-selective beta blockers(NSBBs)on prophylaxis of gastroesophageal variceal bleeding(GVB)and mortality ***:MEDLINE(OVID)and EMBASE databases were searched for eligible randomized clinical trials(RCTs)from inception to July 3,*** of interest included primary/secondary prophylaxis of GVB,failure to achieve hepatic venous pressure gradient(HVPG)decremental response,liver-related and all-cause mortality.A Bayesian NWM was performed to derive relative risk(RR)with 95%credible intervals(CrIs).The ranking probability of each NSBB was assessed by surface under cumulative ranking curve(SUCRA).Results:thirty-three RCTs including 3,188 cirrhosis patients with gastroesophageal varices were *** with placebo,nadolol ranked first for reducing variceal bleeding[RR:0.25,(95%CrI:0.11–0.51);SUCRA:0.898],followed by carvedilol[RR:0.33,(95%CrI:0.11–0.88);SUCRA:0.692]and propranolol[RR:0.52,(95%CrI:0.37–0.75);SUCRA:0.405].Carvedilol was more effective than propranolol in achieving HVPG decremental response[RR:0.43,(95%CrI:0.26–0.69)].Carvedilol ranked first for reducing all-cause mortality[RR:0.32,(95%CrI:0.17–0.57);SUCRA:0.963],followed by nadolol[RR:0.48,(95%CI:0.29–0.77);SUCRA:0.688],and propranolol[RR:0.77,(95%CI:0.58–1.02);SUCRA:0.337].Similar findings were observed for liver-related *** ranked the *** RR of adverse events was 4.38,(95%CrI:0.33–161.4);SUCRA:0.530,followed by propranolol[RR:7.54,(95%CrI:1.90–47.89);SUCRA:0.360],and nadolol[RR:18.24,(95%CrI:91.51–390.90);SUCRA:0.158].Conclusions:Carvedilol is the preferred NSBB with better survival benefit and lower occurrence of adverse events among patients with gastroesophageal varices.

关键词： NSBB Carvedilol Nadolol Propranolol Varices Cirrhosis CPSH

Ecological and behavioural risk factors of scrub typhus in central Vietnam:a case-control study

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Infectious Diseases of Poverty 2021年第4期10卷 97-97页

作者： Hanh thi Duc Tran Jan Hattendorf Hung Manh Do Thanh Tien Hoang hang thi Hai Hoang Hoa Ngoc lam Mai Kim Huynh Lan thi Hoang Vu Jakob Zinsstag Daniel Henry Paris Esther Schelling Department of Epidemiology and Public Health Swiss Tropical and Public Health InstituteBaselSwitzerland 不详

Background The risk factors for scrub typhus in Vietnam remain *** typhus caused by Orientia tsutsugamushi often presents as an undifferentiated febrile illness and remains under appreciated due to the limited availability of diagnostic *** tropical rickettsial illness is increasingly recognized as an important cause of non-malaria acute undifferentiated fever in *** study aimed to investigate behavioural and ecological related risk factors of scrub typhus to prevent this potentially life-threatening disease in *** We conducted a clinical hospital-based active surveillance study,and a retrospective residence-enrolment date-age-matched case–control study in Khanh Hoa province,Vietnam,from August 2018 to March *** examinations,polymerase chain reaction and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay IgM tests were applied to define cases and *** enrolled participants filled out a questionnaire including demographic socio-economic status,personal behaviors/protective equipment,habitat connections,land use,and possible exposure to the *** conditional logistic regression was used to define the scrub typhus associated risk *** We identified 44 confirmed cases and matched them with 152 *** cases and controls,the largest age group was the 41–50 years old and males accounted for 61.4%and 42.8%,*** were similarities in demographic characteristics between the two groups,with the exception of *** factors were significantly associated with acquisition of scrub typhus,including sitting/laying directly on household floor[adjusted OR(aOR)=4.9,95%CI:1.6–15.1,P=0.006],household with poor sanitation/conditions(aOR=7.9,95%CI:1.9–32.9,P=0.005),workplace environment with risk(aOR=3.0,95%CI:1.2–7.6,P=0.020),always observing mice around home(aOR=3.7,95%CI:1.4–9.9,P=0.008),and use of personal protective equipment in the field(aOR=0.4,95%CI:0.1–1.1,P=0.076).Conclusions Ecological

关键词： Ecological Environmental Behaviour Risk factor Scrub typhus Orientia tsutsugamushi Vietnam

Intravenous fluid selection rationales in acute clinical management

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World Journal of Emergency Medicine 2018年第1期9卷 13-19页

作者： Wing Yan Shirley Cheung Wai Kwan Cheung Chun Ho lam Yeuk Wai Chan Hau Ching Chow Ka Lok Cheng Yau hang Wong Chak Wah Kam Accident and Emergency Department Tuen Mun Hospital

BACKGROUND: Intravenous fluid(IVF) is commonly used in acute clinical management. this study aimed to review the choice and primary considerations in IVF prescriptions and to evaluate the adequacy of guidelines and trainings on it in the New Territories West Cluster(NTWC) of Hong ***: this is a descriptive study based on data collected from an online survey. Data were processed by SPSS for statistical analysis. this study focused on a general description and doctor-nurse between group comparison. Participants were asked the choice of IVF for nine acute clinical scenarios and provide reason. A 1–10 scale was used to assess the sufficiency of guideline, training and information, and time for revision on IVF ***: 0.9% sodium chloride was the most familiar IVF(36%), followed by 5% Dextrose solution(26%). In the nine scenarios, the most chosen IVF was 0.9% sodium chloride(37%–61%). There was significant difference in the choice of IVF between doctors and nurses in 7 cases. The second most chosen IVF for doctors was Plasma-Lyte A while that for nurses was Gelofusine. Departmental practice was the most chosen reason to account for the prescription. The adequacy of guideline, information and training, and time for revision was rated 5. Doctors had significantly more time at work than nurses to update knowledge in IVF prescription(5.41 versus 4.57).CONCLUSION: 0.9% sodium chloride was mostly chosen. The choice of IVF was mainly based on departmental practice. Adequacy of guideline, information and training, and time for revision on IVF prescription were average, indicating significant training deficit.

关键词： Intravenous fluid Acute care Resuscitation

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Revisiting oral fluoropyrimidine with cetuximab in metastatic colorectal cancer: Real-world data in Chinese population

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology 2019年第11期11卷 1031-1042页

作者： Ka-On lam Man-Chi Fu Kin-Sang Lau Kam-Mo lam Cheuk-Wai Choi Wan-hang Chiu Cheng-Man Yuen Lai-Han Kwok Fong-Kit Tam Wing-Lok Chan Sum-Yin Chan Pui-Ying Ho To-Wai Leung Ho-Fun Lee Department of Clinical Oncology LKS Faculty of MedicineThe University of Hong KongHong KongChina Department of Clinical Oncology Queen Mary HospitalHong KongChina Clinical Oncology Centre The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen HospitalShenzhen 518053Guangdong ProvinceChina Department of Pharmacy Queen Mary HospitalHong KongChina Department of Diagnostic Radiology LKS Faculty of MedicineThe University of Hong KongHong KongChina

BACKGROUND Cetuximab in combination with oral fluoropyrimidine(FP)remains controversial in metastatic colorectal cancer(mCRC).In view of the regional variation in the tolerability of FP,we conducted a retrospective analysis to compare oral FP with infusional FP in combination with cetuximab in Chinese *** To compare the efficacy and safety profile of cetuximab in combination with oral FP and infusional FP in Chinese population in the real-world *** A retrospective cohort study was done to analyse consecutive patients with Kras wild-type mCRC who received first-line treatment with cetuximab and FP-based chemotherapy in our unit from January 2010 to December ***-five eligible patients were *** median follow-up of our cohort was 65.0 *** The median progression-free survival(mPFS)and median overall survival(mOS)of the entire cohort were 9.66 mo(95%CI:7.72–12.5)and 25.8 mo(95%CI:18.7–35.6),*** oral FP and infusional FP,there was no statistical significant difference in the mPFS[9.79 mo(95%CI:7.49–12.7)vs 9.63 mo(95%CI:6.34–13.4);P=0.72]and mOS[25.8 mo(95%CI:15.2–35.6)vs 26.3 mo(95%CI:18.7–41.2);P=0.63].Grade 3 or above adverse events were reported in 28.4%of patients,being similar with oral and infusional FP,and included 10.5%of neutropenia and 2.1%of diarrhoea *** The current analysis demonstrates comparable efficacy and safety profiles of cetuximab in combination with oral and infusional FP in Chinese *** results expand treatment options for Chinese patients and invite revision of existing treatment guidelines to incorporate oral FP-based chemotherapy plus cetuximab.

关键词： Capecitabine 5-Fluorouracil Cetuximab Metastatic colorectal cancer Chinese

Complexity scalable control algorithm for intra coding in H.264 under energy constraints

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High Technology Letters 2010年第3期16卷 274-279页

作者： Gao Xuejun lam Kin Man ZhuoLi ShenLansun Signal and Information Processing Laboratory Beijing University of Technology Beijing 100124 P.R. China Centre for Signal Processing Department of Electronic and Information Engineering the Hong Kong Polytechnic University Kowloon Hong Kong P.R. China

In this paper, the complexity of intra coding is first analyzed so as to achieve a weight of complexity measurement for each intra mode. Then, a new complexity scalable control algorithm for intra coding in H. 264 is proposed, based on the rearrangement of the order of candidate modes and an efficient complexity allocation and control （CAAC） scheme at the macroblock （MB） level. The candidate modes of each MB are rearranged according to the local-edge information. Experimental results show that our proposed algorithm can make an appropriate cut-off point of the candidate modes sequence adaptively according to the current energy condition of a mobile device, so as to adjust the complexity at any level while maximizing the video quality, which can prolong the operational lifetime of the battery with minimum degradation in video quality.

关键词： complexity scalable control complexity allocation rearrangement of candidate modes intra coding H. 264 energy constraints