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World Journal of Hepatology 2024年第3期16卷 331-343页

作者： Robert lam Joseph K Lim Section of Digestive Diseases Yale University School of MedicineNew HavenCT 06520United States

Chronic hepatitis B virus(HBV)infection affects over 295 million people globally and an estimated 1.6 million people in the United *** is associated with significant morbidity and mortality due to cirrhosis,liver failure,and liver *** therapy with oral nucleos(t)ide analogues is associated with high rates of virologic suppression,which in turn has been associated with a decreased risk of liver ***,current antiviral regimens are limited by concerns with adverse effects,adherence,resistance,long-term treatment,and ongoing risk for liver *** investigational agents are currently in development and are targeted at achieving functional cure with sustained hepatitis B surface antigen(HBsAg)loss and suppression of HBV *** we review key evidence from phases II and III trials defining the efficacy and safety profiles for key investigational agents for functional cure of chronic hepatitis B,including core/capsid inhibitors,entry inhibitors,RNA interference(siRNA/ASO),HBsAg inhibitors,toll-like receptor agonists,checkpoint inhibitors,and therapeutic vaccines.

关键词： Hepatitis B virus treatment Clinical trials RNA interference Entry inhibitors Core inhibitors Immunomodulators

Hypoxic and temporal variation in the endocrine disrupting toxicity of perfluorobutanesulfonate in marine medaka(Oryzias melastigma)

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第2期136卷 279-291页

作者： Baili Sun Jing Li Yachen Bai Xiangzhen Zhou Paul K.S.lam Lianguo Chen State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology Institute of HydrobiologyChinese Academy of SciencesWuhan 430072China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Office of the President Hong Kong Metropolitan University30 Good Shepherd StreetKowloonHong Kong SARChina

Perfluorobutanesulfonate(PFBS)is an emerging pollutant capable of potently disrupting the sex and thyroid endocrine systems of ***,the hypoxic and temporal variation in PFBS endocrine disrupting toxicity remain largely *** the present study,adult marine medaka were exposed to environmentally realistic concentrations of PFBS(0 and 10μg/L)under normoxia or hypoxia conditions for 7 days,aiming to explore the interactive behavior between PFBS and *** addition,PFBS singular exposure was extended till 21days under normoxia to elucidate the time-course progression in PFBS *** results showed that hypoxia inhibited the growth and caused the suspension of egg spawn regardless of PFBS *** regard to the sex endocrine system,7-day PFBS exposure led to an acute stimulation of transcriptional profiles in females,which,subsequently,recovered after the 21-day *** potency of hypoxia to disturb the sex hormones was much stronger than PFBS.A remarkable increase in estradiol concentration was noted in medaka blood after hypoxia *** in sex endocrinology of coexposed fish were largely determined by hypoxia,which drove the formation of an estrogenic *** further enhanced the endocrine disrupting effects of ***,the hepatic synthesis of vitellogenin and choriogenin,two commonly used sensitive biomarkers of estrogenic activity,failed to initiate in response to the estrogen *** to sex endocrine system,disturbances in thyroidal axis by PFBS or hypoxia were relatively ***,the present findings will advance our toxicological understanding about PFBS pollutant under the interference of hypoxia.

关键词： Perfluorobutanesulfonate(PFBS) Aquatic hypoxia temporal toxicity Combined exposure Endocrine disruption Marine medaka

Optimizing Surgical Conditions with the Use of a Modified Spontaneous Respiration, Intravenous Anesthesia and High-Flow Nasal Oxygen for Pediatric Laser Laryngeal Surgery

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Open Journal of Anesthesiology 2023年第11期13卷 234-240页

作者： Dennis E. Feierman Daniel Escobar Kim t. lam Mark Kronenfeld Jacob Sutton Evan P. Salant Maimonides Medical Center Department of Anesthesiology Brooklyn NY USA Northwell Staten Island University Hospital New York USA

the use of Spontaneous Respiration using IntraVEnous anesthesia and High-flow nasal oxygen (StRIVE-Hi) in laryngeal surgery has become more widely reported. this method eliminates the endotracheal tube as a fuel for a potential fire. However, little has been published on its use in the pediatric population. Our case report describes its use in a 2-year-old undergoing micro-direct laryngoscopy with CO2 assisted supraglottoplasty and rigid bronchoscopy for airway obstruction from congenital laryngomalacia. the StRIVE-Hi technique was modified for the pediatric patient by using a lower flow through the nasal cannula (4 L). No major changes in SpO2 were detected during the 30-minute procedure. With back up airway safety equipment in place, StRIVE is proving to be a safe technique with major advantages when used in this unique scenario.

关键词： StRIVE Pediatric Direct Laryngoscopy Laryngomalacia

Physics-informed deep learning for fringe pattern analysis

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Opto-Electronic Advances 2024年第1期7卷 4-15页

作者： Wei Yin Yuxuan Che Xinsheng Li Mingyu Li Yan Hu Shijie Feng Edmund Y.lam Qian Chen Chao Zuo Smart Computational Imaging Laboratory(SCILab) School of Electronic and Optical EngineeringNanjing University of Science and TechnologyNanjing 210094China Smart Computational Imaging Research Institute(SCIRI)of Nanjing University of Science and technology Nanjing 210019China Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Spectral Imaging&Intelligent Sense Nanjing 210094China Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering The University of Hong KongPokfulamHong Kong SAR 999077China

Recently,deep learning has yielded transformative success across optics and photonics,especially in optical *** neural networks (DNNs) with a fully convolutional architecture (e.g.,U-Net and its derivatives) have been widely implemented in an end-to-end manner to accomplish various optical metrology tasks,such as fringe denoising,phase unwrapping,and fringe ***,the task of training a DNN to accurately identify an image-to-image transform from massive input and output data pairs seems at best naive,as the physical laws governing the image formation or other domain expertise pertaining to the measurement have not yet been fully exploited in current deep learning *** this end,we introduce a physics-informed deep learning method for fringe pattern analysis (PI-FPA) to overcome this limit by integrating a lightweight DNN with a learning-enhanced Fourier transform profilometry (Le FtP) *** parameterizing conventional phase retrieval methods,the Le FtP module embeds the prior knowledge in the network structure and the loss function to directly provide reliable phase results for new types of samples,while circumventing the requirement of collecting a large amount of high-quality data in supervised learning *** by the initial phase from Le FtP,the phase recovery ability of the lightweight DNN is enhanced to further improve the phase accuracy at a low computational cost compared with existing end-to-end *** results demonstrate that PI-FPA enables more accurate and computationally efficient single-shot phase retrieval,exhibiting its excellent generalization to various unseen objects during *** proposed PI-FPA presents that challenging issues in optical metrology can be potentially overcome through the synergy of physics-priors-based traditional tools and data-driven learning approaches,opening new avenues to achieve fast and accurate single-shot 3D imaging.

关键词： optical metrology deep learning physics-informed neural networks fringe analysis phase retrieval

Residues of Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) in Fish, Water and Sediment from Shing Mun River

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 1991年第4期4卷 399-408页

作者： V.W.D.CHUI t.C.CHAN S.Y.lam-LEUNG Department of Biology Hong Kong Baptist College 224 Waterloo Road Kowloon Hong KongDepartment of Biology Hong Kong Baptist College 224 Waterloo Road Kowloon Hong KongDepartment of Chemistry Hong Kong Baptist College 224 Waterloo Road Kowloon Hong Kong

the level and pattern of contamination by polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were investigated in tilapia, Oreochromis mossambicus (Peters), sediment, and water from the Shing Mun River. the range of total PCBs was 12.9 ng/g to 181.6 ng/g wet weight in tilapia, 12.7 ng/g to 46.0 ng/g freeze-dried weight in sediment, and 3.8 ng/L to 13.6 ng/L in water. the effect of biomagnification was also observed, PCB concentrations increased from water to sediment to tilapia. PCB congeners occurred in such a way that lower chlorinated PCBs comprised a higher fraction of the total PCBs in water, sediment, and tilapia muscle, whereas higher chlorinated PCBs were more commonly found only in tilapia.

关键词： PCBs Residues of Polychlorinated Biphenyls Water and Sediment from Shing Mun River in Fish

Using transformation of Inversion to Detect Circular Objects

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Using Transformation of Inversion to Detect Circular Objects

International Conference on Signal Processing(ICSP’93)

作者： Wilson C.Y.lam lam t.S.lam Dennis N.K.Leung Department of Electronic Engineering City Polytechnic of Hong Kong83 Tat Chee AvenueKowloonHong Kong

＜正＞In this paper,we propose a method to detect and locate circular objects by using a geometric transform termed transformation of Inversion（tOI）.the transformation exhibits several useful properties from which we derive conditions when a straight line can be transformed into a circle or vice *** on these results,the issue of circle detection can be simplified to a line detection *** merits of the method are that the requirement of 3-dimensional Hough space H（a,b,r）, where（a,b） and r are the centre and radius of circle respectively,for circle detection in the conventional Hough transform method can be reduced to lower dimension. therefore,both the processing speed and memory requirement can be *** results are finally included to show the effectiveness of the method.

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可持续城市发展:对城市承载力评估的综述

城市规划学刊 2015年第1期 125-126页

作者：干靓 WEI Y HUANG C lam P t I

城市承载力(UCC)是可持续城市发展的重要晴雨表和的准绳。本研究旨在通过广泛的文献综述,回顾党前的研究现状,比较了解评估模型的优势和劣势,总结认知差异,并提出规划师和城市管理者提升城市承载力的战略行动建议。研究首先回顾了生态... 详细信息

城市承载力(UCC)是可持续城市发展的重要晴雨表和的准绳。本研究旨在通过广泛的文献综述,回顾党前的研究现状,比较了解评估模型的优势和劣势,总结认知差异,并提出规划师和城市管理者提升城市承载力的战略行动建议。研究首先回顾了生态学上的承载力以及由此引申出的城市承载力概念,并界定了本文对于城市承载力更为精确和完整的定义:环境影响和自然资源、基础设施和城市服务、公众认知、机构设置以及社会支持能力对城市发展的限制,并指出城市承

关键词：可持续城市概念思维形式承载力评估管理人员管理者

Characteristics of Optic Nerve Damage Induced by Chronic Intraocular Hypertension in Rat

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Eye Science 2004年第1期20卷 25-29页

作者： JiantaoWang JianGe A.A.Sadun t.t.lam ZhongshanOphthalmicCenter SunYat-senUniversityGuangzhou51006China DohenyEyeCenter UniversityofSouthernCaliforniaUSA

Purpose:to set up the Sharma’s chronic intraocular hypertension model and investigate the intraocular pressure (IOP) as well as the optic nerve damage of this model in rat. Methods:the operations of the chronic intraocular hypertension model were performed as described by Sharma in 60 male Lewis albino rats. IOP was measured using the tono-Pen XL immediately after surgery and then at 5 day, 2 week or 4 week intervals. Cresyl violet staining of whole-mounted retinas was used to label retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), then RGCs were counted. Paraphenylenediamine (PPD) staining was performed in the semi-thin cross sections of optic nerve of rat, in order to know whether the axons of optic nerve were degenerated or not. Results:there were 47 rats with higher IOP after the episcleral veins cauterized in 60 rats. the ratio of elevated IOP was 78.3%. the IOPs were stable in 4 weeks. After cresyl violet staining, the RGCs loss was 11.0% and 11.3% was found in the central and peripheral retina respectively after 2 weeks of increased IOP. After 4 weeks of increased IOP, the loss of RGCs was 17% for the central retina and 24.6% for the peripheral retina. In the retinas without higher IOP, there was no loss of RGCs. PPD staining showed that optic nerve of rat with about 5.3% damage of axons located at the superior temporal region. Region of affected optic nerve 1 mm posterior to the globe by light microscope showed evidence of damaged axons with axonal swelling and myelin debris. Conclusion:Sharma’s chronic intraocular hypertension model is a reproducible and effective glaucoma model, which mimics human glaucoma with chronically elevation IOP and induced RGCs loss and damage of optic nerve. Eye Science 2004;20:25-29.

关键词：眼神经损害慢性眼内高压老鼠 RGCs 动物模型视网膜神经节

孕期非故意伤害住院治疗与婴儿的不良出生结局:出生前受伤对出生结局是否有影响?（英文）

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伤害医学（电子版） 2012年第1期1卷 16-24页

作者： Lawrence t lam Mary K lam 澳大利亚圣母大学悉尼医学院悉尼大学健康科学学院悉尼医学院儿科与儿童健康学科

目的探讨孕期受伤对婴儿出生结局的影响,调查伤害发生的时间对不良出生结局风险的作用.方法在澳大利亚新南威尔士州选择2003年内生育一胎的妇女作为研究对象,应用数据连接技术对二手数据进行Logistic多因素回归分析.在ICD-10-AM诊断... 详细信息

目的探讨孕期受伤对婴儿出生结局的影响,调查伤害发生的时间对不良出生结局风险的作用.方法在澳大利亚新南威尔士州选择2003年内生育一胎的妇女作为研究对象,应用数据连接技术对二手数据进行Logistic多因素回归分析.在ICD-10-AM诊断为孕期受伤的患者中选取同时发生受伤与分娩的患者,通过日常记录资料,收集低出生体重、早产、出生后1分钟内低Apgar评分、有复苏需要、收入新生儿重症监护病房(NICU)或特殊托儿所(SCN)以及死亡率的信息.主要观察指标:应用ICD-10-AM的病历治疗获得孕期受伤的患者,从病历资料中选取同时发生受伤与分娩的患者,通过日常记录资料,收集低出生体重、早产、出生后1分钟内低Apgar评分、有复苏需要、收入新生儿重症监护病房(NICU)或特殊托育所(SCN)以及死亡率的信息.结果校正潜在的混杂因素后,母亲在孕期受伤的早产婴儿是对照组婴儿的1.36倍(OR=1.36,95％CI=1.01～1.83).母亲孕期受伤的低出生体重儿的几率比对照组增加了40％(OR=1.38,95％CI=1.00～1.90),被收治入SCN的几率增加了50％ (OR=1.50,95％CI=1.18～ 1.81).母亲因受伤入院治疗而出生的婴儿与母亲在产前曾受伤的婴儿,其出生结局之间没有统计学意义,出生结局包括低出生体重(OR=1.08,95％CI=0.62～1.93)与早产(OR=1.20,95％CI=0.57 ～2.55).结论孕期受伤,无论产前何时受伤都会增加婴儿不良出生结果的风险,尤其是低体重儿、早产儿和收治入特殊托育所者.

关键词：非故意伤害孕期出生结局基于人群数据连接

Statistical analyses for NANOGrav 5-year timing residuals

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Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 2017年第2期17卷 63-76页

作者： Yan Wang James M. Cordes Fredrick A. Jenet Shami Chatterjee Paul B. Demorest timothy Dolch Justin A. Ellis Michael t. lam Dustin R. Madison Maura A. McLaughlin Delphine Perrodin Joanna Rankin Xavier Siemens Michele Vallisneri MOE Key Laboratory of Fundamental Physical Quantities Measurements School of Physics Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan 430074 China Center for Advanced Radio Astronomy University of Texas at Brownsville 1 West University Boulevard Brownsville TX 78520 USA Department of Physics and Astronomy University of Texas at Brownsville 1 West University Boulevard Brownsville TX 78520 USA Department of Astronomy Cornell University Ithaca NY 14853 USA National Radio Astronomy Observatory 520 Edgemont Road Charlottesville VA 22903 USA Department of Physics Hillsdale College 33 E. College Street Hillsdale M149242 USA Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology 4800 Oak Grove Drive Pasadena CA 91106 USA Department of Physics West Virginia University EO. Box 6315 Morgantown WV 26505 USA INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Cagliari Via della Scienza 5 09047 Selargius (CA) Italy Department of Physics University of Vermont Burlington VT 05405 USA Center for Gravitation Cosmology and Astrophysics Department of Physics University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee P.O. Box 413 Milwaukee WI 53201 USA

In pulsar timing, timing residuals are the differences between the observed times of arrival and predictions from the timing model. A comprehensive timing model will produce featureless resid- uals, which are presumably composed of dominating noise and weak physical effects excluded from the timing model （e.g. gravitational waves）. In order to apply optimal statistical methods for detecting weak gravitational wave signals, we need to know the statistical properties of noise components in the residuals. In this paper we utilize a variety of non-parametric statistical tests to analyze the whiteness and Gaussianity of the North American Nanohertz Observatory for Gravitational Waves （NANOGrav） 5- year timing data, which are obtained from Arecibo Observatory and Green Bank telescope from 2005 to 2010. We find that most of the data are consistent with white noise; many data deviate from Gaussianity at different levels, nevertheless, removing outliers in some pulsars will mitigate the deviations.

关键词： pulsar timing array general -- statistical tests