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Anteroposterior Airway Diameter during Sedation for Brain MRI in Children with and without Developmental Disabilities

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Open Journal of Anesthesiology 2014年第8期4卷 191-196页

作者： Nirupama Kannikeswaran Swati Mody Xinguang Chen Marwan Zidan lalitha sivaswamy Wayne State University School of Medicine Carman and Ann Adams Department of Pediatrics Division of Emergency Medicine Children’s Hospital of Michigan Detroit MI USA Wayne State University School of Medicine Carman and Ann Adams Department of Pediatrics Division of Neurology Children’s Hospital of Michigan Detroit MI USA Wayne State University School of Medicine Carman and Ann Adams Department of Pediatrics Division of Pediatric Radiology Children’s Hospital of Michigan Detroit MI USA Wayne State University School of Medicine Detroit MI USA Wayne State University Detroit MI USA

Objective: Our study objective was to compare the anteroposterior (AP) oropharyngeal airway diameter measured using static MRI images in children with and without developmental disabilities during sedation. Methods: We performed a secondary analysis on a prospective, observational age-matched, 1:2 case-control study of children aged 3 - 10 years who were sedated for brain MRI. AP airway diameters were determined at the level of soft palate (airway_SP) and tongue (airway_T) from midline sagittal images by a single blinded radiologist. Results: Airway diameter was evaluated in 134 controls (C) and 68 cases (D). There was no difference in the overall adverse events (D: 30% C: 32.9%;p = 0.7) as well as hypoxia (D: 10%;C: 9.3%, p = 0.9). There was no significant difference in mean airway_T (D: 10.62 ± 3.48 vs. C: 10.38 ± 3.47;p = 0.64) and airway_SP diameter (D: 4.59 ± 2.36 vs. C: 5.17 ± 3.9;p = 0.14) between the two groups. There was no significant difference in airway_T and airway_SP diameters amongst those who experienced and those who did not experience hypoxia in cases. Amongst controls however, the airway_SP was smaller in those who experienced hypoxia compared to those who did not experience hypoxia. Conclusions: There was no difference in the AP airway_T and airway_SP diameter during sedation using static MRI images in children with and without developmental disabilities. Changes in airway_SP was associated with hypoxia amongst controls in our study cohort.

关键词： Sedation Magnetic Resonance Imaging Airway Diameter Developmental Disabilities Children

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Solution to overcome the sparsity issue of annotated data in medical domain

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CAAI Transactions on Intelligence Technology 2018年第3期3卷 153-160页

作者： Appan K. Pujitha Jayanthi sivaswamy Center for Visual Information Technology lilT Hyderabad Hyderabad India

Annotations are critical for machine learning and Good performance of CAD is critical to their adoption, which data. However, a vast amount of medical data is either developing computer aided diagnosis （CAD） algorithms. generally rely on training with a wide variety of annotated unlabeled or annotated only at the image-level. This poses a problem for exploring data driven approaches like deep learning for CAD. In this paper, we propose a novel crowdsourcing and synthetic image generation for training deep neural net-based lesion detection. The noisy nature of crowdsourced annotations is overcome by assigning a reliability factor for crowd subjects based on their performance and requiring region of interest markings from the crowd. A generative adversarial network-based solution is proposed to generate synthetic images with lesions to control the overall severity level of the disease. We demonstrate the reliability of the crowdsourced annotations and synthetic images by presenting a solution for training the deep neural network （DNN） with data drawn from a heterogeneous mixture of annotations. Experimental results obtained for hard exudate detection from retinal images show that training with refined crowdsourced data/synthetic images is effective as detection performance in terms of sensitivity improves by 25%/27% over training with just expert-markings.

关键词：机器学习神经网络发展现状智能技术

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