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Arsenic in Rice Soils and Potential Agronomic Mitigation Strategies to Reduce Arsenic bioavailability： A Review

Pedosphere 2018年第3期28卷 363-382页

作者： lalith d.b.suriyagoda Klaus dITTERT Hans LAMbERS Faculty of Agriculture University of Peradeniya Peradeniya 20400( Sri Lanka) department of Crop Science Section of Plant Nutrition and Crop Physiology University of Gottingen Gottingen 37075( Germany) School of biological Sciences and Institute of Agriculture The University of Western Australia Perth WA 6009( Australia)

Soils used for rice （Oryza sativa L.） cultivation in some areas contain high concentrations of arsenic （As）due to irrigation with groundwater containing As and intensive use of agrochemicals or industrial residues containing As. To restrict rice uptake of As in these soils, approaches to reduce As input and bioavailability must be considered. One approach to reduce As input into rice soils or uptake by rice is cultivating rice under aerobic, intermittent flooding, or alternate wetting and drying （AWd） conditions, rather than in submerged soils, or use of irrigation water low in As. For reducing As bioavailability in soil, aerobic or AWd rice culture and application of biochar, sulfur （S）, and/or rice polish to soil are promising. Moreover, use of As-hyperaecumulating plant species （e.g., Pteris vittata L.） in rotation or combinations with favourable plant species （e.g., Azolla, Chlorella, or Nannochloropsis species） can also be promoted, in addition to using rice cultivars that are tolerant to As. Though applications of high doses of phosphorus （P）, iron （Fe）, and silicon （Si） fertilizers have shown promise in many instances, these methods have to be practiced carefully, because negative effects have also been reported, although such incidents are rare. Major factors affecting As speciation and bioavailability in soil are chemical properties such as redox status, pH, and Fe, P, Si, and S concentrations, physical properties such as texture and organic matter, and biological properties such as methylation activity by soil microorganisms. However, as many of these factors interact, long-term examination under field conditions is needed before measures are recommended for and implemented in farmers＇ fields.

关键词： amendment contaminated soils health risk hyperaccumulating plant remediation tolerant cultivar toxicity water management

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Nutrient resorption from senescing leaves of epiphytes,hemiparasites and their hosts in tropical forests of Sri Lanka

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2018年第6期11卷 815-826页

作者： lalith d.b.suriyagoda Ranil Rajapaksha Gamini Pushpakumara Hans Lambers department of Crop Science Faculty of AgricultureUniversity of PeradeniyaPeradeniya20400Sri Lanka School of biological Sciences and Institute of Agriculture The University of Western Australia35 Stirling HighwayCrawley(Perth)Western Australia 6009Australia

Aims Epiphytes and hemiparasites do not have direct access to soil *** acquire nutrients through symbiosis,foliar leachates and throughfall,whilst hemiparasites have specialized structures(haustoria)to acquire nutrients from their *** of the green leaf nutrient concentrations of epiphytes,hemiparasites and their hosts,nutrient-resorption efficiency and proficiency are expected to be the greater in epiphytes than in their hosts and in *** hypotheses were *** Green and senescing leaves of epiphytes(n=23),hemiparasites(n=9)and their hosts were collected,and leaf area,leaf dry weight,nutrient(nitrogen-N,phosphorus-P,potassium-K,calcium-Ca)and sodium(Na)concentrations were measured,and resorption effi-ciency(%)and proficiency were *** Findings Concentrations of N,P,K,Ca and Na in green leaves of epiphytes and hemiparasites were either similar or greater than those of their hosts,except for lower green leaf N concentration in *** resorbed N,P,K and Na,while their hosts resorbed only N,P and *** and their hosts resorbed P,K and Na while N was not ***,resorption efficiency was great-est in epiphytes>hemiparasites=hosts,while the resorption pro-ficiencies were similar or greater for epiphytes and hemiparasites compared with their hosts,except for N in *** high nutrient concentrations in epiphytes were associated with greater resorption *** contrasting nutrient concentrations in epiphytes,hemiparasites and their hosts will be important in recognising their contribution to ecosystem nutrient cycling.

关键词： calcium nitrogen phosphorus potassium resorption tropical humid forests

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Failure investigation on high velocity impact deformation of boron carbide(b_(4)C) reinforced fiber metal laminates of titanium/glass fiber reinforced polymer

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defence Technology（防务技术） 2022年第6期18卷 963-975页

作者： S.Suresh Kumar P.A.Shankar K.lalith Kumar department of Mechanical Engineering Sri Sivasubramaniya Nadar College of EngineeringKalavakkamChennai603110India

High velocity ballistic impact deformation behaviour of Titanium/GFRP Fiber Metal Laminates(FML)has been *** single and multiple projectiles impact conditions were ***/GFRP FML targets were fabricated with addition of 5%and 10%weight percentage of boron carbide(b_(4)C)*** properties of Ti/GFRP FML targets were determined as per ASTM *** velocity ballistic experiments were conducted using Armour Piercing Projectile(APP)of diameter 7.62 mm and velocity ranging between 350 and 450 m/*** of penetration of the projectile into the target was *** deformation behaviour of Ti/GFRP targets with and without the presence of ceramic powder(b_(4)C)was investigated.“ductile hole growth”failure mode was observed for pure GFRP target when subjected to single projectile impact whereas“plugging”failure mode was noted for Ti/GFRP *** presence of b_(4)C(5%by weight)particles has significantly improved the ballistic resistance of the Ti/GFRP FML target by offering frictional resistance to the projectile *** addition(10%by weight)of b_(4)C has reduced the ballistic performance due to *** of the targets showed‘brittle cracking’or‘fragmentation’*** compared to the published results of Aluminium(Al 1100/GFRP and Al 6061/GFRP)FMLs,Ti/GFRP FML showed lesser doP which increases its potential application to aerospace industry.

关键词： Ti/GFRP FML ballistic impact Armour piercing projectile boron carbide depth of penetration Plugging

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Neuroinflammation revisited through the microglial lens

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第7期20卷 1989-1990页

作者： Renato Socodato João b.Relvas Institute of Research and Innovation in Health(i3S)and Institute for Molecular and Cell biology(IbMC) University of PortoPortoPortugal department of biomedicine Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto(FMUP)PortoPortugal

Neuroimmunology is emerging as a pivotal field,shedding light on the intricate dialogues between the central nervous system(CNS)and the immune *** exploration is particularly significant in understanding microglia,the CNS’s innate immune cells,beyond the conventional conflation of“neuroinflammation”and“microglial activation.”This conflation has clouded the true complexity of these processes,potentially stalling scientific progress and the development of new *** challenge the long-standing perspectives that have oversimplified these interactions,advocating for a deeper exploration of the dynamic relationship between neuroinflammation and microglial *** dissecting specific molecular pathways,we aim to illuminate their elaborate roles in neuroinflammatory responses,especially in the context of Alzheimer’s disease(Ad).Here,neuroinflammation is not merely a passive observer or a direct antagonist but a complex agent in the disease’s *** article calls for a significant paradigm shift towards an integrative,multi-omics approach to *** such a comprehensive framework is crucial for advancing our understanding of neuroinflammatory conditions and paving the way for targeted therapeutic strategies for brain diseases.

关键词： inflammation simplified activation

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Rethinking the solar flare paradigm

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Plasma Science and Technology 2018年第7期20卷 15-21页

作者： d b melrose SIfA School of PhysicsThe University of SydneyNSW 2006Australi

It is widely accepted that solar flares involve release of magnetic energy stored in the solar corona above an active region, but existing models do not include the explicitly time-dependent electrodynamics needed to describe such energy release. A flare paradigm is discussed that includes the electromotive force （EMF） as the driver of the flare, and the flare-associated current that links different regions where magnetic reconnection, electron acceleration, the acceleration of mass motions and current closure occur. The EMF becomes localized across regions where energy conversion occurs, and is involved in energy propagation between these regions.

关键词： solar flares electrodynamics time-dependence

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Use of Smartphones for Rapid Location Tracking in Mega Scale Soil Sampling

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Open Journal of Applied Sciences 2021年第3期11卷 239-253页

作者： Harsha K. Kadupitiya Ranga N. d. Madushan Upul K. Rathnayake Rohana Thilakasiri Samantha b. dissanayaka Mojith Ariyaratne buddhi Marambe Mohomad S. Nijamudeen dinaratne Sirisena lalith suriyagoda Natural Resource Management Centre Department of Agriculture Peradeniya Sri Lanka department of Crop Science Faculty of Agriculture University of Peradeniya Peradeniya Sri Lanka Rice Research and development Institute Department of Agriculture Batalagoda Sri Lanka Field Crops Research and development Institute Department of Agriculture Maha-Illuppallama Sri Lanka

Conventional, grid-based sampling location tracking approach with GPS or topographic maps is time-consuming and inconvenient. Therefore, this study combined the freely available virtual/digital globe with recent advancements of smartphone geo-browsers to develop a new sampling location tracking approach. The sampling frame was developed with pre-uploaded point map formulated in GIS environment by combining land-use map and one-kilometer grid with center coordinates. The sampling location grid was uploaded to smartphone and each point was tracked with Google Map path finder using point Id (coded grid coordinate) when searching each sampling location. The suitability of the new approach was tested for soil sample collection from paddy lands distributed in 0.9 million hectares in Sri Lanka. The sampling locations could be reached conveniently with the help of Google path-finder voice direction guide and optional routes. The efficiency of new approach was found to be remarkably high, i.e., over 99% of the 9000 sampling points, which were spread across Sri Lanka having an area of 65,610 km2. All sampling points in the country could be covered with twelve member field investigation crew who were guided through smartphones uploaded with sampling point grid on six motorbikes within 60 days. The new sampling location tracking approach is effective in terms of cost, time, human resource requirements, thus can be adopted in large-scale soil/plant sampling frames with high accuracy.

关键词： GIS GPS Geo-browser Location Tracking Sampling

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deep Stacked Ensemble Learning Model for COVId-19 Classification

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2022年第3期70卷 5467-5486页

作者： G.Madhu b.lalith bharadwaj Rohit boddeda Sai Vardhan K.Sandeep Kautish Khalid Alnowibet Adel F.Alrasheedi Ali Wagdy Mohamed department of Information Technology VNRVJIETHyderabad500090India department of Computer Science and Engineering VNRVJIETHyderabad500090India LbEF Campus Kathmandu44600Nepal Statistics and Operations Research department College of ScienceKing Saud UniversityRiyadh11451Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Operations Research department Faculty of Graduate Studies for Statistical ResearchCairo UniversityGiza12613Egypt Wireless Intelligent Networks Center(WINC) School of Engineering and Applied SciencesNile UniversityGiza12588Egypt

COVId-19 is a growing problem worldwide with a high mortality *** a result,the World Health Organization(WHO)declared it a *** order to limit the spread of the disease,a fast and accurate diagnosis is required.A reverse transcript polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR)test is often used to detect the ***,since this test is time-consuming,a chest computed tomography(CT)or plain chest X-ray(CXR)is sometimes *** value of automated diagnosis is that it saves time and money by minimizing human *** significant contributions are made by our *** initial purpose is to use the essential finetuning methodology to test the action and efficiency of a variety of vision models,ranging from Inception to Neural Architecture Search(NAS)***,by plotting class activationmaps(CAMs)for individual networks and assessing classification efficiency with AUC-ROC curves,the behavior of these models is visually ***,stacked ensembles techniques were used to provide greater generalization by combining finetuned models with six ensemble neural *** stacked ensembles,the generalization of the models ***,the ensemble model created by combining all of the finetuned networks obtained a state-of-the-art COVId-19 accuracy detection score of 99.17%.The precision and recall rates were 99.99%and 89.79%,respectively,highlighting the robustness of stacked *** proposed ensemble approach performed well in the classification of the COVId-19 lesions on CXR according to the experimental results.

关键词： COVId-19 classification class activation maps(CAMs)visualization finetuning stacked ensembles automated diagnosis deep learning

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biodiversity and interactions of acidophiles:Key to understanding and optimizing microbial processing of ores and concentrates

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中国有色金属学会会刊：英文版 2008年第6期18卷 1367-1373页

作者： d.b.JOHNSON School of biological Sciences Bangor University

采矿公司为从低档矿石恢复贱、宝贵的金属，并且为重新调停变得逐渐地知道 microbiological 途径的潜力从操作和放弃的矿地点排干的酸的、充满金属的废水。生物系统出现很多环境并且(有时) 超越常规途径的节俭的优点尽管他们的申请是，... 详细信息

采矿公司为从低档矿石恢复贱、宝贵的金属，并且为重新调停变得逐渐地知道 microbiological 途径的潜力从操作和放弃的矿地点排干的酸的、充满金属的废水。生物系统出现很多环境并且(有时) 超越常规途径的节俭的优点尽管他们的申请是，例如热冶学，别处于每种状况拨出。矿物质用微生物处理为提取黄金，铜，铀和钴被利用了，并且当前的开发正在指向另外的贱金属。最近，我们 biomining 环境，并且微生物怎么与对方一起交往的微生物学的差异的知识和理解有大增加。从模仿了搅动的坦克和堆生物反应器系统的实验室实验的结果证明了微生物引起的协会比氧化矿物质的 acidophiles 的纯文化更柔韧，并且也趋于在 bioleaching 和氧化简历的矿石更有效并且专注。纸论述了性质的简明评论和涉及硫化物矿物质的氧化的微生物引起的协会的相互作用，并且这些怎么可能被改编在 biomining 操作遇见未来挑战。

关键词：嗜酸细胞生物采矿生物多样性微生物加工

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Structural and mass transport properties of liquid ytterbium in the temperature range 1123 K–1473 K

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Chinese Physics b 2023年第6期32卷 481-488页

作者： d d Satikunvar N K bhatt b Y Thakore department of Physics Sardar Patel UniversityVallabh VidyanagarGujarat 388120India department of Physics Maharaja Krishnakumarsinhji Bhavnagar UniversityBhavnagarGujarat 364001India

We have studied the structural and atomic transport properties of liquid f-shell Yb in the temperature range 1123 K–1473 K. Pair interactions between atoms are derived using a local pseudopotential. The potential parameters are fitted to the phonon dispersion curve at room temperature. The local pseudopotential used in the present study is computationally more efficient with only three parameters, and it is found to be transferable to the liquid phase without changing the *** the various computed properties agree with reported theoretical and experimental findings, the adopted fitting scheme is justified. As a significant outcome of the study, we find that(i) the melting in Yb is governed by the Lindemann's law,(ii)the mass transport mechanism obeys the Arrhenius law,(iii) the role of the three-particle correlation function in deriving the velocity autocorrelation function is small,(iv) the mean-square atomic displacement is more sensitive to the choice of interaction potential than the other bulk properties, and(v) liquid Yb does not show liquid–liquid phase transition within the studied temperature range. Further, due to the good description of the structural and mass transport properties, we propose that Yb remains divalent at reduced density.

关键词： transport properties pseudopotential single-particle dynamics ytterbium

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Advanced analytical determination of volatile organic compounds (VOC) and other major contaminants in water samples using GC-Ion Trap MS

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2001年第1期13卷 25-36页

作者： b M Koroma K X Wang d d Jinya Laboratory of Socioeconomic Science of Food Production Nagoya University Japan.

The GC-Ion Trap MS is recently one of the most efficient instrumental analysis recommended for understanding the chemistry of volatile organic compounds, not only in water but even in the food chain and other environmental media (air and soil). Results of the experiment conducted on water samples from Kuguri and Yatsutani sampling stations showed considerably higher levels of organic enrichment (COd = 10 mg/L and 11 mg/L respectively). Total concentrations of Pb (0.072 mg/L and 0.093 mg/L) and Cd (0.004 mg/L and 0.011 mg/L) on the other hand, invariably exceeded the maximum allowable concentrations for human health and the living environment (Pb = 0.005 mg/L; Cd = 0.001 mg/L respectively). And the toxicity levels for these contaminants at LC50 showed critical impact on rainbow trout (hypersensitive species) at 0.14 mg/L for Pb and 0.007 mg/L for Cd in 96 hours respectively. Although these major contaminants including phenol and 3-, 4-cresol, showed relatively higher toxicity impact in the experimental media, it would remain contentious to justify any associated potential dangers without regular routine water monitoring, at least for a period of one year. Nevertheless, the data could serve as a benchmark through which other phenomena can easily be investigated.

关键词： www Advanced analytical determination of volatile organic compounds and other major contaminants in water samples using GC-Ion Trap MS VOC Eb GC

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