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Arsenic in Rice Soils and Potential Agronomic Mitigation Strategies to Reduce Arsenic bioavailability： A Review

Pedosphere 2018年第3期28卷 363-382页

作者： lalith d.b.suriyagod. Klaus dITTERT Hans LAMbERS Faculty of Agriculture University of Peradeniya Peradeniya 20400( Sri Lanka) department of Crop Science Section of Plant Nutrition and Crop Physiology University of Gottingen Gottingen 37075( Germany) School of biological Sciences and Institute of Agriculture The University of Western Australia Perth WA 6009( Australia)

Soils used for rice （Oryza sativa L.） cultivation in some areas contain high concentrations of arsenic （As）due to irrigation with groundwater containing As and intensive use of agrochemicals or industrial residues containing As. To restrict rice uptake of As in these soils, approaches to reduce As input and bioavailability must be considered. One approach to reduce As input into rice soils or uptake by rice is cultivating rice under aerobic, intermittent flooding, or alternate wetting and drying （AWd） conditions, rather than in submerged soils, or use of irrigation water low in As. For reducing As bioavailability in soil, aerobic or AWd rice culture and application of biochar, sulfur （S）, and/or rice polish to soil are promising. Moreover, use of As-hyperaecumulating plant species （e.g., Pteris vittata L.） in rotation or combinations with favourable plant species （e.g., Azolla, Chlorella, or Nannochloropsis species） can also be promoted, in addition to using rice cultivars that are tolerant to As. Though applications of high doses of phosphorus （P）, iron （Fe）, and silicon （Si） fertilizers have shown promise in many instances, these methods have to be practiced carefully, because negative effects have also been reported, although such incidents are rare. Major factors affecting As speciation and bioavailability in soil are chemical properties such as redox status, pH, and Fe, P, Si, and S concentrations, physical properties such as texture and organic matter, and biological properties such as methylation activity by soil microorganisms. However, as many of these factors interact, long-term examination under field conditions is needed before measures are recommended for and implemented in farmers＇ fields.

关键词： amendment contaminated soils health risk hyperaccumulating plant remediation tolerant cultivar toxicity water management

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Nutrient resorption from senescing leaves of epiphytes,hemiparasites and their hosts in tropical forests of Sri Lanka

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Journal of Plant Ecology 2018年第6期11卷 815-826页

作者： lalith d.b.suriyagod. Ranil Rajapaksha Gamini Pushpakumara Hans Lambers department of Crop Science Faculty of AgricultureUniversity of PeradeniyaPeradeniya20400Sri Lanka School of biological Sciences and Institute of Agriculture The University of Western Australia35 Stirling HighwayCrawley(Perth)Western Australia 6009Australia

Aims Epiphytes and hemiparasites do not have direct access to soil *** acquire nutrients through symbiosis,foliar leachates and throughfall,whilst hemiparasites have specialized structures(haustoria)to acquire nutrients from their *** of the green leaf nutrient concentrations of epiphytes,hemiparasites and their hosts,nutrient-resorption efficiency and proficiency are expected to be the greater in epiphytes than in their hosts and in *** hypotheses were *** Green and senescing leaves of epiphytes(n=23),hemiparasites(n=9)and their hosts were collected,and leaf area,leaf dry weight,nutrient(nitrogen-N,phosphorus-P,potassium-K,calcium-Ca)and sodium(Na)concentrations were measured,and resorption effi-ciency(%)and proficiency were *** Findings Concentrations of N,P,K,Ca and Na in green leaves of epiphytes and hemiparasites were either similar or greater than those of their hosts,except for lower green leaf N concentration in *** resorbed N,P,K and Na,while their hosts resorbed only N,P and *** and their hosts resorbed P,K and Na while N was not ***,resorption efficiency was great-est in epiphytes>hemiparasites=hosts,while the resorption pro-ficiencies were similar or greater for epiphytes and hemiparasites compared with their hosts,except for N in *** high nutrient concentrations in epiphytes were associated with greater resorption *** contrasting nutrient concentrations in epiphytes,hemiparasites and their hosts will be important in recognising their contribution to ecosystem nutrient cycling.

关键词： calcium nitrogen phosphorus potassium resorption tropical humid forests

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Secondary Metabolites Produced by an Endophytic Fungus Pestalotiopsis microspora

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Natural Products and bioprospecting 2019年第6期9卷 411-417页

作者： G.R.Nalin Rathnayake N.Savitri Kumar lalith Jayasinghe Hiroshi Araya Yoshinori Fujimoto National Institute of Fundamental Studies Hantana RoadKandySri Lanka School of Agriculture Meiji UniversityKawasakiKanagawa 214‑8571Japan

An endophytic fungus Pestalotiopsis microspora isolated from the fruits of Manilkara zapota was cultured in potato dextrose broth *** separation of the EtOAc extract of the broth and mycelium led to the isolation of a new azaphilonoid named pitholide E(1),in addition to previously identified pitholide b(2),pitholide d(3),pestalotin(LL-P880α)(4),PC-2(5),LL-P880β(6),tyrosol(7)and 4-oxo-4H-pyran-3-acetic acid(8).An endophytic fungus *** from *** and the isolation of compounds 1-5,7 and 8 from *** are reported here for the first time.

关键词： Pestalotiopsis microspora Manilkara zapota Endophyte Pitholide E Pestalotin

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Use of Smartphones for Rapid Location Tracking in Mega Scale Soil Sampling

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Open Journal of Applied Sciences 2021年第3期11卷 239-253页

作者： Harsha K. Kadupitiya Ranga N. d. Madushan Upul K. Rathnayake Rohana Thilakasiri Samantha b. dissanayaka Mojith Ariyaratne buddhi Marambe Mohomad S. Nijamudeen dinaratne Sirisena lalith suriyagoda Natural Resource Management Centre Department of Agriculture Peradeniya Sri Lanka department of Crop Science Faculty of Agriculture University of Peradeniya Peradeniya Sri Lanka Rice Research and development Institute Department of Agriculture Batalagoda Sri Lanka Field Crops Research and development Institute Department of Agriculture Maha-Illuppallama Sri Lanka

Conventional, grid-based sampling location tracking approach with GPS or topographic maps is time-consuming and inconvenient. Therefore, this study combined the freely available virtual/digital globe with recent advancements of smartphone geo-browsers to develop a new sampling location tracking approach. The sampling frame was developed with pre-uploaded point map formulated in GIS environment by combining land-use map and one-kilometer grid with center coordinates. The sampling location grid was uploaded to smartphone and each point was tracked with Google Map path finder using point Id (coded grid coordinate) when searching each sampling location. The suitability of the new approach was tested for soil sample collection from paddy lands distributed in 0.9 million hectares in Sri Lanka. The sampling locations could be reached conveniently with the help of Google path-finder voice direction guide and optional routes. The efficiency of new approach was found to be remarkably high, i.e., over 99% of the 9000 sampling points, which were spread across Sri Lanka having an area of 65,610 km2. All sampling points in the country could be covered with twelve member field investigation crew who were guided through smartphones uploaded with sampling point grid on six motorbikes within 60 days. The new sampling location tracking approach is effective in terms of cost, time, human resource requirements, thus can be adopted in large-scale soil/plant sampling frames with high accuracy.

关键词： GIS GPS Geo-browser Location Tracking Sampling

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Use of Smartphones for Rapid Location Tracking in Mega Scale Soil Sampling

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Open Journal of Applied Sciences（应用科学） 2021年第3期

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