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世界核心医学期刊文摘（胃肠病学分册） 2005年第3期1卷 25-25页

作者： lake j.p. Essani R. petrone p. R.W. Beart jr. 李康 Department of Colorectal Surgery Keck School of Medicine University of Southern California 1441 Eastlake Avenue Los Angeles CA 90033 United States Dr.

pURpOSE: This study was designed to review experience at our hospital with retained colorectal foreign bodies. METHODS: We reviewed the consultation records at Los Angeles County +University of Southern California General Hospital from October 1993 through October 2002. Ninety three cases of transanally introduced, retained foreign bodies were identified in 87 patients. Data collected included patient demographics, extraction method, location, size and type of foreign body, and postextraction course. RESULTS: Of 93 cases reviewed, there were 87 individuals who presented with first time episodes of having a retained colorectal foreign body. For these patients, bedside extraction was successful in 74 percent. Ultimately, 23 patients were taken to the operating room for removal of their foreign body. In total, 17 examinations under anesthesia and 8 laparotomies were performed (2 patients initially underwent an anesthetized examination before laparotomy). In the eight patients who underwent exploratory laparotomy, only one had successful delivery of the foreign object into the rectum for transanal extraction. The remainder required repair of perforated bowel or retrieval of the foreign body via a colotomy. In our review, a majority of cases had objects retained within the rectum; the rest were located in the sigmoid colon. Fifty five percent of patients (6/11) presenting with a foreign body in the sigmoid colon required operative intervention vs. 24 percent of patients (17/70) with objects in their rectum (p = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS: This is the largest single institution series of retained colorectal foreign bodies. Although foreign objects located in the sigmoid colon can be retrieved at the bedside, these cases are more likely to require operative intervention.

关键词：手术干预开腹手术回顾研究穿孔修补病例记录开腹探查综合医院人口统计学第一时间南加

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E8粒子的自旋动力学研究（英文）

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Science Bulletin 2024年第19期 2974-2977页

作者：王骁 Konrad puzniak Karin Schmalzl Christian Balz Masaaki Matsuda Akira Okutani Masayuki Hagiwara 马杰吴建达 Bella lake Tsung-Dao Lee Institute Shanghai Jiao Tong University Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH Institut für Festk?rperphysik Technische Universit?t Berlin jülich Centre for Neutron Science jCNS Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH ISIS Neutron and Muon Source STFC Rutherford Appleton Laboratory Neutron Scattering Division Oak Ridge National Laboratory Center for Advanced High Magnetic Field Science Graduate School of ScienceOsaka University School of physics&Astronomy Shanghai Jiao Tong University Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures Nanjing University Shanghai Branch Hefei National Laboratory

Unlike the classical phase transition driven by thermal fluctuations,the quantum phase transition arises at zero temperature when the system is tuned by a non-thermal parameter[1].For a continuous quantum phase transition,novel physics with higher symmetry may emerge at the quantum critical point (QCp).As the system is driven away from the QCp with a relevant perturbation,exotic physics may further emerge due to the strong renormalization of the almost infinite low-lying excitations[2].The transverse-field Ising chain (TFIC) is a paradigmatic model[1–3]:when an Ising chain is tuned to its QCp by a magnetic field applied transverse to its Ising anisotropy,

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Circumcision reduces prostate cancer risk

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Asian journal of Andrology 2012年第5期14卷 661-662页

作者： Brian j Morris lake H Waskett School of Medical Sciences University of SydneySydney NSW 2006 Australia CircumcisionIndependent Reference and Commentary Service Manchester M26 1JR UK

There is a strong negative correlation between prostate cancer and circumcision rate across 181 countries （p〈0.0001）. Adding to the large protective effect of cir- cumcision seen in small studies over the past six decades, a recent large study in Seattle has shown a smaller protective effect. If verified by other large studies else- where, the finding would add to the wide array of benefits conferred by this safe, sim- ple procedure that is best performed in infancy.

关键词： INFECTION

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Trait plasticity, not values, best corresponds with woodland plant success in novel and manipulated habitats

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journal of plant Ecology 2013年第3期6卷 201-210页

作者： Robert j.Warren II jeffrey K.lake Department of Biology SUNY Buffalo State1300 Elmwood AvenueBuffaloNY 14222USA Department of Biology Adrian CollegeAdrianMI49221USA

Aims The clustering of plants with similar leaf traits along environmental gradients may arise from adaptation as well as acclimation to het-erogeneous habitat *** the forces that shape plant leaf traits requires both linking variation in trait morphology with abiotic gradients and linking that trait variation with plant per-formance under varying abiotic *** the spectrum of plant types,shade-tolerant evergreen herbs are relatively low in trait plasticity,compared to deciduous and sun-adapted *** plants employ stress-tolerant strategies for survival,which coincide with relatively static trait morphologies,slow growth and hence a lower ability to adjust to changing environmental *** We investigate how the survival of two ecologically similar under-story evergreen species,Asarum arifolium and Hepatica nobilis,cor-responds with variation in six commonly measured functional traits(leaf area,specific leaf area,plant height,leaf number,leaf length and shoot mass)along natural and experimental abiotic *** examine temporal(the period 2007-9)and spatial(100 km)variations in these traits after(i)translocating 576 plants across a span from the southerm Appalachian Mountains in NC,USA,to the piedmont,GA,USA,which includes north-and south-facing slope habitats and(ii)the experimental manipulation of diffuse light and soil *** findings We find that when translocated into a novel habitats,with novel environmental conditions that often are more extreme than the source habitat,both species appear capable of considerable mor-phological acclimation and generally converge to similar trait *** nobilis does not exhibit mean trait values particu-larly different from those of ***,but it demonstrates much greater phenotypic *** results indicate that relatively conservative plant species nonetheless acclimate and survive across heterogeneous environmental conditions.

关键词： Functional traits Asarum arifolium Hepatica nobilis niche specific leaf area understory

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Comparisons of oxbow lake fish assemblages in relation to bigheaded carp establishment in the lower White River, Arkansas

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Ecological processes 2024年第1期13卷 188-205页

作者： Michael A.Eggleton Cody j.Salzmann joseph E.Kaiser Shannon C.F.Smith Department of Aquaculture and Fisheries University of Arkansas at Pine Bluff Arkansas Game and Fish Commission Virginia Institute of Marine Science

Background Since the late 1990s, bigheaded carps(largely silver carp [Hypophthalmichthys molitrix] but also bighead carp [H. nobilis]) have established throughout the lower Mississippi River basin. Using previously studied oxbow lakes in the lower White River basin, Arkansas, we compared current(2017, “post-carp” establishment) fish assemblages to historical(2002, “pre-carp” establishment) fish assemblages. Fish assemblages were comprehensively assessed using multiple gears, including boat electrofishing, mini-fyke nets, and experimental small-mesh gill *** T-tests suggested that fish assemblage indices of richness, diversity, evenness, and dominance were often greater(p post-carp period as reflected by boat electrofishing and experimental gill nets. However, all indices were generally similar(p > 0.05) between the pre-carp and post-carp period with fish assemblages depicted using mini-fyke nets. Nonmetric multidimensional scaling analyses indicated that fish assemblages differed structurally between pre-carp and post-carp periods. Assemblage differences were linked to both small and large abundance changes for more than 20 species. Abundances of gizzard shad(Dorosoma cepedianum), emerald shiner(Notropis atherinoides), pugnose minnow(Opsopoeodus emiliae), crappies(pomoxis spp.), bluegill(Lepomis macrochirus), orangespotted sunfish(L. humilis), and yellow bass(Morone mississippiensis) declined between the pre-carp and postcarp periods. Conversely, abundances of weed shiner(N. texanus), pallid shiner(Hybopsis amnis), longear sunfish(L. megalotis), buffalofishes(Ictiobus spp.), and gars(Lepisosteus spp.) generally increased during the same *** Although not possible to conclude assemblage shifts were entirely related to bigheaded carps due to the absence of an appropriate reference system where carps did not establish, the wide establishment of these carps is one of the most pervasive changes to have occurred in the lower White

关键词： Bigheaded carp Silver carp Aquatic nuisance species Fish assemblage Oxbow lake Large river

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Mixed iridium-nickel oxides supported on antimony-doped tin oxide as highly efficient and stable acidic oxygen evolution catalysts

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Materials Futures 2024年第1期3卷 165-180页

作者： jonathan Ruiz Esquius Alec p LaGrow Haiyan jin Zhipeng Yu Ana Araujo Rita Marques Adélio Mendes Lifeng Liu Clean Energy Cluster International Iberian Nanotechnology LaboratoryAv.Mestre JoséVeigaBraga 4715-330Portugal Carbon Science and Technology Institute INCAR-CSICFrancisco Pintado Fe 26Oviedo 33011Spain Scientific Imaging Section Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate UniversityKunigami-gunOkinawa 904-0412Japan Songshan lake Materials Laboratory Dongguan 523808People’s Republic of China Laboratory for process Engineering EnvironmentBiotechnology and EnergyFaculty of EngineeringUniversity of PortoRua Dr Roberto FriasPorto 4200-465Portugal Associate Laboratory in Chemical Engineering Faculty of EngineeringUniversity of PortoRua Dr Roberto FriasPorto 4200-465Portugal.

proton exchange membrane(pEM)water electrolysis represents a promising technology for green hydrogen production,but its widespread deployment is greatly hindered by the indispensable usage of platinum group metal catalysts,especially iridium(Ir)based materials for the energy-demanding oxygen evolution reaction(OER).Herein,we report a new sequential precipitation approach to the synthesis of mixed Ir-nickel(Ni)oxy-hydroxide supported on antimony-doped tin oxide(ATO)nanoparticles(IrNiyO_(x)/ATO,20 wt.%(Ir+Ni),y=0,1,2,and 3),aiming to reduce the utilisation of scarce and precious Ir while maintaining its good acidic OER *** tested in strongly acidic electrolyte(0.1 M HClO_(4)),the optimised IrNi1Ox/ATO shows a mass activity of 1.0 mAµgIr^(−1) and a large turnover frequency of 123 s^(−1) at an overpotential of 350 mV,as well as a comparatively small Tafel slope of 50 mV dec^(−1),better than the IrOx/ATO control,particularly with a markedly reduced Ir loading of only 19.7µgIr cm^(−2).Importantly,IrNi1O_(x)/ATO also exhibits substantially better catalytic stability than other reference catalysts,able to continuously catalyse acidic OER at 10 mA cm^(−2) for 15 h without obvious *** in-situ synchrotron-based x-ray absorption spectroscopy confirmed that the Ir^(3+)/Ir^(4+)species are the active sites for the acidic ***,the performance of IrNi1Ox/ATO was also preliminarily evaluated in a membrane electrode assembly,which shows better activity and stability than other reference *** IrNi1Ox/ATO reported in this work is a promising alternative to commercial IrO_(2) based catalysts for pEM electrolysis.

关键词： mixed oxides oxygen evolution reaction polymer electrolyte membrane antimony doped tin oxide membrane electrode assembly

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Uncovering the hierarchical clusters in the heat-affected zone of an electron beam weldedα/βtitanium alloy joint

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journal of Materials Science & Technology 2024年第7期174卷 120-132页

作者： C.Xu X.H.Shao H.j.Yang M.Lv H.Q.Liu X.L.Ma Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science Institute of Metal ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesShenyang 110016China School of Materials Science and Engineering University of Science and Technology of ChinaShenyang 110016China Suzhou laboratory Suzhou 215028China Department of Mechanical Engineering Kyushu UniversityFukuoka 819-0395Japan Bay Area Center for Electron Microscopy Songshan Lake Materials LaboratoryDongguan 523808China

Using high-resolution transmission Kikuchi diffraction(TKD)and transmission electron microscopy(TEM),we examined the hierarchical clusters that form in situ in the heat-affected zone(HAZ),which are com-monly referred to as“ghost”structures,of bimodal titanium alloy Ti-5Al-2Sn-2Zr-4Mo-4Cr(wt%,TC17).The ghost structures are enriched with Al elements but poor in Mo and Cr compared to the surroundingβ*** results show that the ghost structure in middle-HAZ mainly consists ofα_(L)laths with a high-angle grain boundary,which exhibits the classic Burgers orientation relationship(BOR)with the host matrix,while it encircles theα_(p)grains in *** the ghost structure is evidenced to form via in-complete martensitic *** results further confirm that the ghost structure is composed ofαL and tinyβ_(L)laths with BOR,with the former being enriched with Al and poor with Cr and Mo,while the latter is the ***,twoα_(L)variant clusters with a check-mark morphology are fre-quently observed viewed along[0001]_(αL)//[110]_(βL)directions,which are dominated by the crystallographic and geometrical relationships betweenαandβ*** on the microstructural characterization,it is hypothesized that the ghost structure is transformed from the initialα_(p)phase,due to the coupling ef-fect of high thermal stress(which induces the formation of a large number of dislocations)and element diffusion caused by sudden temperature increase and plunge cooling in the HAZ during the welding pro-cess.

关键词： TC17 titanium alloy Electron beam welding(EBW) The ghost structure Transmission Kikuchi diffraction(TKD) Transmission electron microscopy(TEM)

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Bismuth-based halide double perovskite Cs_(2)KBiCl_(6): Disorder and luminescence

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2024年第5期35卷 504-508页

作者： pan Liu Yanming Sun Alberto j.Fernández-Carrión Bowen Zhang Hui Fu Lunhua He Xing Ming Congling Yin Xiaojun Kuang MOE Key Laboratory of New processing Technology for Nonferrous Metal and Materials Guangxi Key Laboratory of Optic and Electronic Materials and DevicesCollege of Materials Science and EngineeringGuilin University of TechnologyGuilin 541004China Analytical Instrumentation Center College of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China Spallation Neutron Source Science Center Dongguan 523803China Chinese Academic of Science Institute of PhysicsBeijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter PhysicsBeijing 100190China Songshan lake Materials Laboratory Dongguan 523808China College of Science Guilin University of TechnologyGuilin 541004China College of Chemistry and Bioengineering Guilin University of TechnologyGuilin 541004China

A new bismuth-based halide double perovskite Cs_(2)KBiCl_(6) was isolated successfully through solid-state reactions and investigated using X-ray and neutron *** than an ordered structure,the crystal structure consists of shifted Cs,K,Bi,and Cl sites from the ideal positions with fractional occupancy in compensation,leading to variable local coordination of Cs^(+)ions,as revealed by^(133)Cs solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance ***_(2)KBiCl_(6) displays volume hysteresis at 5-298 K range upon heating and *** Cs_(2)KBiCl_(6) has a direct bandgap of 3.35(2)eV and red-shift luminescence of around 600 nm upon Mn doping compared with the Na *** stabilization of disordered structure in Cs_(2)KBiCl_(6) is related to two factors including the large-sized K^(+)cation which prefers to coordinate with more than six Cl^(-),and the Bi^(3+)with 6s^(2) lone pair which has a preference for a local asymmetric *** findings could have general application and help to understand the structure and property of halide perovskites.

关键词： Halide perovskite Double perovskite Luminescence Disordered structure Direct bandgap

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pRELIMINARY STUDY ON SEDIMENTARY CHARACTERISTICS AND EVOLUTION OF pALAEOCLI MATE OF QARHAN SALT lake IN QAIDAM BASIN

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Science in China,Ser.B 1985年第11期28卷 1218-1232页

作者：陈克造 j.M.BOWLER Salt lake Institute Academia Sinica Xining Australian National University

Qarhan salt lake which covers an area of 5800 square kilometres is a large playa in Qaidam basin, Qinghai province. The salt-bearing layers are usually 40 m thick, the maximum thickness being 73 *** sedimentation of the lake has the following basle characteristics: (1) The salt-containing layers are principally composed of interbedded halite and clastic sediments, and they are either lacking in sulfate deposits or deficient in carbonate sediments. (ii) The sedimentary differentiation is not sufficient, and all of the halite layers almost contain mud, sand, carbonates and gypsum in varying degrees; there exist mixtures of gypsum and halite in the intercalations of clastic sediments. (iii) The salt-carrying beds are associated with aeolian deposits. The authors found for the first time that Malan loess exists in the salt-bearing layers of Qarhan salt *** of evolution of palaeoclimate: A lot of evaporite deposits had appeared in Qarhan salt lake by the end of Late pleistocene, 24,000—25,000 ye

关键词： pRELIMINARY STUDY ON SEDIMENTARY CHARACTERISTICS AND EVOLUTION OF pALAEOCLI MATE OF QARHAN SALT lake IN QAIDAM BASIN

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Universal basis underlying temperature, pressure and size induced dynamical evolution in metallic glass-forming liquids

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Chinese physics B 2024年第1期33卷 134-142页

作者：张华平范蓓蓓吴佳琦李茂枝 Department of physics Beijing Key Laboratory of Opto-electronic Functional Materials&Micro-nano DevicesRenmin University of ChinaBeijing 100872China Songshan lake Materials Laboratory Dongguan 523808China Key Laboratory of Quantum State Construction and Manipulation Renmin University of ChinaBeijing 100872China

The dramatic temperature-dependence of liquids dynamics has attracted considerable scientific interests and efforts in the past decades, but the physics of which remains elusive. In addition to temperature, some other parameters, such as pressure, loading and size, can also tune the liquid dynamics and induce glass transition, which makes the situation more complicated. Here, we performed molecular dynamics simulations for Ni_(50)Zr_(50) bulk liquid and nanodroplet to study the dynamics evolution in the complex multivariate phase space, especially along the isotherm with the change of pressure or droplet size. It is found that the short-time Debye–Waller factor universally determines the long-time relaxation dynamics no matter how the temperature, pressure or size changes. The basic correlation even holds at the local atomic scale. This finding provides general understanding of the microscopic mechanism of dynamic arrest and dynamic heterogeneity.

关键词： metallic glass-forming liquids structure relaxation dynamical heterogeneity Debye–Waller factor

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