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二氧化碳电催化还原反应制合成气催化剂研究进展

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化工进展 2024年第5期43卷 2760-2775页

作者：黄澎邹颖王宝焕王逍妍赵勇梁鑫胡迪煤炭科学技术研究院有限公司北京100013 北京化工大学化学工程学院化工资源有效利用国家重点实验室北京100029

利用电催化二氧化碳还原反应(CRR)将CO_(2)转变为有价值的合成气(CO/H_(2))受到广泛关注。CRR电催化剂的开发对于高效、精确制备合成气至关重要。本文综述了CRR制备合成气的反应过程、反应机理以及催化剂等方面的研究进展,介绍了现有CR... 详细信息

利用电催化二氧化碳还原反应(CRR)将CO_(2)转变为有价值的合成气(CO/H_(2))受到广泛关注。CRR电催化剂的开发对于高效、精确制备合成气至关重要。本文综述了CRR制备合成气的反应过程、反应机理以及催化剂等方面的研究进展,介绍了现有CRR催化剂的种类、优点、存在的问题以及发展方向,具体分析了催化剂的掺杂元素种类和比例对反应中间体的影响,指出了掺杂非金属元素的金属原子边缘和活性位对CRR的作用,探讨了催化剂设计和反应条件调节对CO和H_(2)比例的精确调控。本文也讨论了增加反应活性位点、降低中间体的反应能垒等促进CRR以及调节合成气碳氢比的方式。此外,提出了可通过催化剂多级形貌调控、多活性位点设计、CO_(2)还原与阳极反应耦合等途径,提升CRR制合成气效率的策略。最后,探讨和展望了CRR制合成气在未来工业化生产中存在的挑战和问题。

关键词：合成气二氧化碳电化学催化剂

Genetic analysis of the maximum germination distance of Striga under Fusarium oxysporum *** biocontrol in sorghum

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2018年第7期17卷 1585-1593页

作者： Emmanuel Mrema Hussein Shimelis Mark laing Learnmore Mwadzingeni University of Kwa Zulu-Natal/African Centre for Crop Improvement Scottsville 3209South Africa Tumbi Agricultural Research Institute TaboraTanzania

Maximum germination distance（MGD） is an important component of Striga resistance in sorghum. The objective of this study was to determine gene action influencing MGD of Striga hermonthica and Striga asiatica among selected sorghum lines treated with a biocontrol agent, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. strigae（FOS） for effective breeding with Striga resistance, and FOS compatibility. Twelve sorghum genotypes were selected based on their Striga resistance, FOS compatibility, and superior agronomic performance. Selected genotypes were crossed using a bi-parental mating design to generate six families for genetic analysis. Agar-gel assays were used to determine low haustorium initiation factor（LHF） using the 12 parental lines, their F_1 progenies, backcross derivatives, and F_2 segregants in two sets. One set had S. hermonthica seed and the other one had S. asiatica seed. Both were treated with and without FOS. Genotypes were evaluated using a split-plot design with three replications and MGD data were recorded followed by generation mean analysis. FOS reduced MGD by 1cm under both S. hermonthica and S. asiatica infestations. Additive, dominance, and epistatic gene actions were involved in the control of MGD of the two Striga species in the evaluated populations. On average, the relative contribution of additive, additive×additive and dominance×dominance genetic effects on the MGD of S. hermonthica and S. asiatica, with FOS, were 20, 33, and 36%; and 21, 32, and 35%, respectively. Breeding methods exploiting these genetic effects may provide enhanced response to selection for Striga resistance and FOS compatibility in integrated Striga management（ISM） programmes.

关键词： Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. strigae genetic effect integrated Stnga management maximum germination distance sorghum

Distribution and fate of metals in the Montenegrin part of Lake Skadar

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International Journal of Sediment Research 2014年第3期29卷 357-367页

作者： Mirjana VEMIC Diederik ROUSSEAU Gijs DU laing Piet LENS UNESCO-IHE Institute for Water Education Department of Environmental ResourcesP.O.Box 30152601 DADelftThe Netherlands University College West Flanders EnBiChem research groupGraaf Karel de Goedelaan 58500 KortrijkBelgium 3. Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry and Applied EcochemistryGhent UniversityFaculty of Bioscience EngineeringCoupure Links 653B-9000 GhentBelgium 4. UNESCO-IHE Institute for Water EducationDepartment of Environmental ResourcesP.O.Box 30152601 DA DelftThe Netherlands

Skadar Lake,the largest lake on the Balkan Peninsula,is famous for a wide range of endemic and rare,or even endangered plant and animal *** anthropogenic pressures have,however,influenced the fragile equilibria of the lake ecosystem,with metal pollution as one of the primary ***,this study investigated spatial distribution of metal pollutants in the water and sediment phase of Skadar Lake,and anthropogenic and environmental factors affecting this distribution.A sieving analysis showed that sediment in Skadar Lake is mainly distributed in the three smallest fractions(colloid,clay and silt).Eleven metals were analyzed in the lake surface and bottom water,and only six of them were detected:potassium,magnesium,calcium,nickel,aluminum and *** were all present at low *** contrast,sediments contained elevated levels of some metals with concentrations between 28.1-126.8 mg kg-1for Ni,23.6-79.2 mg kg-1for Cr,9.2-36.9 mg kg-1for Cu,199-878 mg kg-1for Mn and 9.6-23.1 g kg-1for *** exceeded consensus-based guidelines for safety towards freshwater dwelling *** organic matter content of the sediment fluctuated between 4.7 and 21.5%.No correlations were found between metal concentrations,organic matter and sediment particle size fractions,suggesting that the latter are not the main factors controlling metal accumulation in Skadar Lake.

关键词： Skadar Lake Nickel contamination Metal pollution Spatial distribution of metals

Breeding wheat for drought tolerance： Progress and technologies

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2016年第5期15卷 935-943页

作者： Learnmore Mwadzingeni Hussein Shimelis Ernest Dube Mark D laing Toi J Tsilo College of Agriculture Engineering and Science University of KwaZulu-Natal/African Centre for Crop Improvement Scottsville 3209 South Africa Agricultural Research Council-Small Grain Institute (ARC-SGI) Bethlehem 9700 South Africa

Recurrent drought associated with climate change is among the principal constraints to global productivity of wheat（Triticum aestivum（L.） and T. turgidum（L.））. Numerous efforts to mitigate drought through breeding resilient varieties are underway across the world. Progress is, however, hampered because drought tolerance is a complex trait that is controlled by many genes and its full expression is affected by the environment. Furthermore, wheat has a structurally intricate and large genome. Consequently, breeding for drought tolerance requires the integration of various knowledge systems and methodologies from multiple disciplines in plant sciences. This review summarizes the progress made in dry land wheat improvement, advances in knowledge, complementary methodologies, and perspectives towards breeding for drought tolerance in the crop to create a coherent overview. Phenotypic, biochemical and genomics-assisted selection methodologies are discussed as leading research components used to exploit genetic variation. Advances in phenomic and genomic technologies are highlighted as options to circumvent existing bottlenecks in phenotypic and genomic selection, and gene transfer. The prospects of further integration of these technologies with other omics technologies are also provided.

关键词： drought tolerance genomic selection genotyping phenotyping wheat

Genotype-by-environment interaction for grain yield among novel cowpea(Vigna unguiculata L.) selections derived by gamma irradiation

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The Crop Journal 2018年第3期6卷 306-313页

作者： Lydia Horn Hussein Shimelis Fatma Sarsu Learnmore Mwadzingeni Mark D.laing African Centre for Crop Improvement University of Kwa Zulu-Natal Directorate of Research and Training Plant Production ResearchMinistry of AgricultureWater and Forestry Plant Breeding and Genetics Section Joint FAO/IAEA Division of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture

This study determined the effects of genotype-by-environment(G × E) interaction and stability of yield among elite cowpea(Vigna unguiculata L.) selections derived by gamma irradiation. The study was conducted in Namibia at three selected sites: Bagani, Mannheim,and Omahenene, during 2014/2015 and 2015/2016. Thirty-four newly developed mutant genotypes and three local checks were evaluated using a randomized complete block design with three replications. Grain yield data were analyzed using the additive main effects and multiplicative interaction(AMMI) and the genotype main effect plus genotype-by-environment interaction(GGE) biplot methods. The AMMI and GGE biplot models explained 77.49% and 75.57% of total observed genotypic variation, *** and Omahenene were the environments best discriminating the test genotypes during 2014/2015 and 2015/2016, respectively. Four promising mutant genotypes: G9(Sh L3 P74), G10(Sh R3 P4), G12(Sh R9 P5), and G4(Sh L2 P4), showed wide adaptation and grain yields of 2.83, 2.06, 1.99, and 1.95 t ha^(-1), respectively. The novel mutant lines are useful genetic resources for production or future cowpea breeding programs in Namibia or similar environments.

关键词： AMMI Cowpea Genotype by environment interaction GGE biplot Mutants

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2022年Taylor原声吉他精选榜单

乐器 2022年第9期 90-94页

作者： Rob laing Slowly(译) 不详

整理一份恰适的Taylor吉他清单绝非易事,因为可选项太多了!自1974年由Bob Taylor和Kurt Listug创立以来,Taylor已成为全球最受尊崇的吉他制造商之一,以创新、高制造标准和业内领先的可持续性音木使用承诺而闻名于众。如今,在设计大师And... 详细信息

整理一份恰适的Taylor吉他清单绝非易事,因为可选项太多了!自1974年由Bob Taylor和Kurt Listug创立以来,Taylor已成为全球最受尊崇的吉他制造商之一,以创新、高制造标准和业内领先的可持续性音木使用承诺而闻名于众。如今,在设计大师Andy Powers的领导下,这家位于加州的公司正在飙升至更高的水平。我们所提供的Taylor原声吉他精选榜单反映了这家公司改进、完善工艺水准的愿景,他们为乐手提供了适用于家庭、舞台和工作室的多种型号选择。

关键词：设计大师制造标准型号选择工作室吉他可选项完善工艺可持续性

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Taking tomographic measurements for photonic qubits 88 ns before they are created

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Chinese Physics B 2021年第4期30卷 55-60页

作者：侯志博殷琪张超钟翰森项国勇李传锋郭光灿 Geoff J.Pryde Anthony laing Key Laboratory of Quantum Information University of Science and Technology of ChinaCASHefei 230026China Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information and Quantum Physics University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China Centre for Quantum Computation and Communication Technology(CQC2T)and Centre for Quantum Dynamics Griffith UniversityBrisbane4111Australia Quantum Engineering and Technology Laboratories School of Physics and Department of Electrical and Electronic EngineeringUniversity of BristolUK

We experimentally demonstrate that tomographic measurements can be performed for states of qubits before they are prepared.A variant of the quantum teleportation protocol is used as a channel between two instants in time,allowing measurements for polarization states of photons to be implemented 88 ns before they are *** data taken at the early time and later unscrambled according to the results of the protocol’s Bell measurements,produces density matrices with an average fidelity of 0.90±0.01 against the ideal states of photons created at the later *** tomography of the time reverse quantum channel finds an average process fidelity of 0.84±*** our proof-of-principle implementation necessitates some post-selection,the general protocol is deterministic and requires no post-selection to sift desired states and reject a larger ensemble.

关键词： teleportation tomography time reverse

Stand structure, floristic composition and species diversity along altitudinal gradients of a Bornean mountain range 30 years after selective logging

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Journal of Mountain Science 2019年第6期16卷 1419-1434页

作者： Renee Sherna laing Kian Huat ONG Roland Jui Heng KUEH Nixon Girang MANG Patricia Jie Hung KING Muaish SAIT Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences Universiti Putra Malaysia Bintulu Sarawak CampusP.O.Box 39697008 BintuluSarawakMalaysia Forest Department Sarawak Wisma Sumber AlamJalan StadiumPetra Jaya93660 KuchingSarawakMalaysia

The mountain ecosystem is a hotspot of biodiversity and provides a significant contribution to the humans’ livelihoods. However, there is still a lack of information regarding floral diversity and how it has been affected due to a logging operation in Sarawak. A study was conducted to determine vegetation recovery at the Heart of Borneo conservation area at different elevations: 750–1200 m(S1), 1200–1500 m(S2) and >1500 m(S3). A total of 891 trees were enumerated. The trees comprised 55 families, 98 genera and 203 species. The lowest elevation site, S1, contained the highest number of species(117) and families(42), while the highest elevation site, S3, contained the lowest diversity(25 families and 59 species). A similar forest structure was recorded, whereby diameter at breast height(dbh), basal area and height decreased as elevation increased. The most speciose families in S1 were Dipterocarpaceae(11 species) and Lauraceae(10 species), while Lauraceae and Fagaceae were the dominant tree families at S2 and S3. Secondary tree species are still abundantly found in the logged plots, especially at S2(45.5%), indicating that after 30 years, these stands are still in the recovery stages. The logged plots retained typical secondary forest appearances with lower canopy diameters and heights and dbh than the unlogged forest. Although the species richness approached that of the unlogged plots, especially at S1(90.9%) and S3(94.9%), there were still major differences in the floristic compositions between logged and unlogged plots(35.4%, 21.5% and 44.7% for S1, S2 and S3, respectively). Although potential seed sources were in close proximity, succession at S2 has proceeded much slower than at S1 and S3. Lower concentrations of soil nutrients, especially N, may be the main reason for the slow recovery. In conclusion, the results suggested that the selectively logged forest at the Payeh Maga Highland required more than three decades to recover and achieve a climate forest stage.

关键词： Forest structure Mountain highland Tree diversity Vegetation recovery Bornean mountain

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解析朱迪斯·巴特勒《性别麻烦》