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Physicochemical and Biochemical Characterization, Total Phenolic and Energy Value from Bulbs of Different Onion (Allium cepa L.) Varieties in Senegal

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2024年第2期15卷 129-139页

作者： Ndeye Adiara Ndiaye lahat niang Modou Dieng Ndeye Coumba Kane Touré Laboratory of Microbiology Graduate School Polytechnique (ESP)-UCAD Dakar Senegal Water Energy Environment and Industrial Processes Laboratory (LE3PI) Graduate School Polytechnique (ESP)-UCAD Dakar Senegal University Sine Saloum El Hadj Ibrahima Niass (USSEIN) Kaolack Senegal

The purpose of this study is to investigate the physicochemical properties of some local varieties of onion (Allium cepa L.) and compare them with an imported variety, all collected in May 2021. Proteins, reducing sugars, lipids, and polyphenol content were estimated according to the AFNOR standardized methods. The determination of calcium, magnesium, iron, sodium, potassium and phosphorus was performed by atomic absorption spectrophotometer coupled with a CCD detector. The results highlighted an average acidity of 0.377% ± 0.002% lower than the value of the imported variety which is 0.520% ± 0.001%. Local varieties have a pH ranging from 6.35 ± 0.003 to 6.42 ± 0.004, while the variety has a pH of 6.36 ± 0.003. The ash and dry matter contents vary respectively from 4.788% ± 0.004% to 8.253% ± 0.003% and 7.945% ± 0.021% to 11.945% ± 0.007% for the local varieties. Moreover, the imported one has ash and dry matter contents of 5.175% ± 0.007% and 10.035% ± 0.021% respectively. The results show that the protein, reducing sugar and lipid contents in the local onion varieties vary respectively from 2.815 ± 0.000 to 15.634 ± 0.001 g·100 g-1;4.691 ± 0.001 to 12.596 ± 0.002 g·100 g-1 and 0.006 ± 0.001 to 0.050 ± 0.057 g·100 g-1. Furthermore, the imported variety has a protein, reducing sugar and lipid content of 5.649 ± 0.002;8.565 ± 0.002 g·100 g-1 and 0.011 ± 0.010 g·100 g-1 respectively. The maximum levels of total polyphenols are obtained in the imported variety, Bellani and Gandiol, respectively 9.973 ± 0.001, 4.535 ± 0.002, and 3.425 ± 0.006 mg EAG/g of dry matter. The local varieties have a significant calorific intake of between 35.451 ± 0.001 and 112.980 ± 0.003 kcal·100 g-1 compared to the imported one with an energy value of 56.953 ± 0.001 kcal·100 g-1 of dry matter. The bulbs of different onion varieties studied have a fairly high content of mineral elements. The potassium content of loc

关键词： Allium cepa L. Characterization Physicochemical Biochemistry Total Phenolic

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Assessment of Some Secondary Metabolites, Minerals and Alcohol Content of Noni Juice Obtained by Fermentation of Morinda citrifolia L. Fruit from Senegal

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2024年第7期15卷 577-588页

作者： Ndèye Adiara Ndiaye Mame Ndew Mbaye lahat niang Modou Dieng Nicolas Cyrille Ayessou Ndeye Coumba Kane Touré Laboratory of Microbiology Graduate School Polytechnique (ESP)-UCAD Dakar Senegal Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Biology Graduate School Polytechnique (ESP)-UCAD Dakar Senegal Water Energy Environment and Industrial Processes Laboratory (LE3PI) Graduate School Polytechnique (ESP)-UCAD Dakar Senegal University Sine Saloum El Hadj Ibrahima Niass (USSEIN) Kaolack Senegal

The fruit of Morinda citrifolia L., commonly known as noni, has an extensive history of use as a food and traditional medicine around the world. Adding value to Morinda citrifolia L. products, particularly the fruit, could be one way of building resilience in vulnerable farming households. The aim of this study was to determine the secondary metabolite and mineral composition of noni juice obtained by fermenting the fruit of Morinda citrifolia L. Fruits were collected in August 2022 from the local field in Thiès region, West of Senegal. Extraction yields were determined and the secondary metabolites were determined using conventional analytical methods. Calcium, magnesium, iron, sodium and potassium were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometer coupled with a CCD detector. The results show that an average fruit mass (503.2 ± 110.96 g) consists of 171.44 ± 50.01 g pulp and 34.06 ± 10.35 g seeds. The traditional extraction yield of noni juice is 16.46% after three weeks of fermentation. The contents of total polyphenols, flavonoids and tannins obtained in noni are 608.97 ± 4.53 mg EAG/100mL, 7.78 ± 0.01 mg EQ/100mL and 0.191 ± 0.01 mg EC/100mL respectively. The ethanol content of noni varies from 3.57 to 5.23 mL/100mL during extraction. Noni has a high calcium content with a concentration of 383.79 ± 33.23 mg/L. This is followed by a good concentration of magnesium, potassium and sodium, at 278.47 ± 26.30, 187.43 ± 10.7 and 155.95 ± 28.66 mg/L respectively. Noni also has an iron content of 202.15 ± 0.05 mg/L.

关键词： Morinda citrifolia L. Juice Alcohol Total Phenols Flavonoids Tannins Minerals

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Phytochemical Screening and Assays of Phenolic Compounds in Senna occidentalis L. Leaf and Seed Extracts

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2024年第7期15卷 499-508页

作者： Edmond Antoine Badock lahat niang Abdoulaye Dramé Célestine Nkounkou-Loumpangou Omar Touré Omar Sokhna Nicolas Cyrille Ayessou Mady Cissé Ecole Suprieure Polytechnique Laboratoire Eau Energie Environnement et Procds Industriels (LE3PI) Universit Cheikh Anta Diop Dakar Sngal Ecole Suprieure Polytechnique Centre dEtudes sur la Scurit Alimentaire et les Molcules Fonctionnelles (CESAM-RESCIF) Universit Cheikh Anta Diop Dakar Sngal Laboratoire de Valorisation des Produits de la Biomasse Dpartement de Chimie Universit Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar Dakar Sngal Unit de Chimie du Vgtal et de la Vie Facult des Sciences et Techniques Universit Marien NGOUABI Brazzaville Republic of the Congo Laboratoire de Chimie Organique et Bio-Organique Dpartement de Chimie Facult des Sciences et Techniques/UCAD Universit Cheikh Anta Diop Dakar Sngal

Phytochemical screening and assay of secondary metabolites, crude extracts with distilled water, aqueous methanol, aqueous acetone and aqueous ethanol of leaves and seeds of Senna occidentalis L. were studied in this work. The aim was to verify the distribution of secondary metabolites according to S. occidentalis organs. Four leaf samples from four different localities (South, East, West and Central Senegal) and a mixed sample of seeds were used. Functional molecules such as polyphenols, flavonoids and tannins were then assessed in the leaves and seeds using various standard methods. The results show that Senna occidentalis L. leaf and seed samples display an identical and homogeneous profile, regardless of locality. They contain secondary metabolites and the polyphenol content of extracts from southern, eastern, western and central leaves is: 0.620 - 0.539 - 0.811 - 0.573 g GAE/100 g DM;flavonoids: 0.064 - 0.074 - 0.130 - 0.101 g CE/100 g DM and tannins: 0.326 - 0.264 - 0.269 - 0.494 g TAE/100 g DM. The efficacy of S. occidentalis L. infusions in therapy is thus justified by the presence of these metabolites, whose biological properties are well known. It is then possible to explore isolation of active principles of Senna occidentalis L. leaves and even seeds for producing medicines.

关键词： Senna occidentalis L. Total Polyphenols Flavonoids Tannins

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Nutraceutical Potentiality of Fruits of Red Variety of Pseudospondias microcarpa (A. Rich) Engl.

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2024年第3期15卷 224-234页

作者： Babouongolo Sévère-Grébel niang lahat Nkounkou-Loumpangou Célestine Bonazaba Milandou Longin Justin Clair Ouamba Jean-Maurille Plant and Life Chemistry Unit (UC2V in French) Faculty of Science and Techniques University Marien Ngouabi Brazzaville Republic of the Congo Eau-Energie-Environnement and Industrial Processes Laboratory (LE3PI in French) University of Dakar Dakar Sénégal

The red fruits of Pseudospondias microcarpa (A. Rich) Engl. are widely consumed by the populations of northern Congo for their sweet and tangy flavor as well as for their characteristic smell. The objective of this study was to show the food potential of the fruits of this plant for their valorization. Organic solvent extracts were prepared and subjected to phytochemical screening to determine the nutrients and phytonutrients of this fruit. Raw juice was extracted by trituration without adding water and subjected to physicochemical and biochemical analyses in order to determine its quality and its antiradical activity. The raw juice obtained is moderately acidic (pH 3.28), very cloudy and colored (turbidity of 1019 NTU). It has a dry matter content of 3.771% ± 0.013% reflecting the 70% dominance of water in the weight of the fruit and the presence of dissolved organic matter in its juice. Energy nutrients (sugars, amino acids), carotenoids, coumarins, tannins, flavonoids, terpenes and sterols have been highlighted as nutrients with therapeutic potential commonly called phytonutrients of this fruit. The juice presented a dominance in polyphenols (134.8500 ± 0.0023 mg gallic acid/100 g) than in carotenoids (5.100 ± 0.010 mg carotene/100 g), high levels of mineral macroelements (calcium: 3570.00 ± 2.05 mg and potassium: 4576.00 ± 9.49 mg) and trace elements (copper: 11.13 ± 0.10 mg, iron: 3.02 ± 0.03 mg and zinc: 2.57 ± 0.08 mg). These compounds exhibited good antioxidant activity. The presence of these nutrients and phytonutrients in these fruits is interesting for the proper functioning of certain organs and the prevention of certain diseases. This fruit is therefore an energizing and functional food that can compete with conventional fruits whose juices are marketed.

关键词： Alicament Fruit Juice Pseudospondias microcarpa Phytochemistry

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Phytochemical Screening, Total Phenolic and Antioxidant Activity of Numerous Extracts from Leaves and Bark of <i>Bauhinia rufescens</i>Lam

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2021年第6期12卷 544-556页

作者： Seid Ali Mahamat niang lahat Ayessou Nicolas Cyrille Cisse Mady Diop Codou Mar Adam Barka University Abeche Tchad Water Energy Environment and Industrial Processes Laboratory (LE3PI) ESP-UCAD Dakar Sénégal Center for Studies on Food Safety and Functional Molecules (CESAM-RESCIF) ESP-UCAD Dakar Sénégal

Researches for natural antioxidants that play an important role in the prevention of diseases linked to free radicals have increased in recent years. In this study, antioxidant activity of Bauhinia rufescens Lam which is a medicinal plant was investigated. The methanol extract, acetone extract and water extract of leaf and trunk bark had antioxidant activity. Three methods were used: 2,2-diphenyl-1picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2’-Azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzoth iazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) and ferric ion reducing power (FRAP) by spectrophotometry. Phytochemical screening was carried out followed by the quantification of the total phenolic by the Folin-Ciocalteu method. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) with the STATISTICA 7.1 software revealed significant differences (p 0.05). Percentage inhibition (PI) and IC50 of the extracts were obtained using the OriginPro 8.5 software. These tests show that the bark is as rich in total phenolic as the leaves. The DPPH test shows that at 2.5 mg/ml, the bark and

关键词： Bauhinia rufescens Lam Total Phenolic Antioxidant Activity

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Antioxidant Activity of Hydro-Acetonic, Hydro-Methanolic and Aqueous Leaf and Bark Extracts of <i>Sclerocaria birrea</i>(A. Rich.) Hochst

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2021年第5期12卷 429-438页

作者： lahat niang Seid Ali Mahamat Nicolas Cyrille Ayessou Mady Cisse Codou Mar Diop Laboratory of Electrochemistry and Membrane Processes (LEPM) ESP-UCAD Dakar Sénégal Center for Studies on Food Safety and Functional Molecules (CESAM-RESCIF) ESP-UCAD Dakar Sénégal Adam Barka University Abeche Tchad

Bioactive compounds in plants are associated with the reduction of chronic diseases. The free radical scavenging activity of different extracts of a medicinal plant, Sclerocarya birrea, has been investigated using the DPPH test, ABTS test and FRAP. Three extracts were prepared from the leaves and bark: hydro-methanolic, hydro-acetonic and aqueous. Phytochemical screening was carried out the standard methods followed by the determination of the polyphenol by Folin-Ciocalteu method. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) with the STATISTICA 7.1 and statistical significance was set at p 0.05. Evolution of percent inhibition (PI) as well as the IC50 of the extracts was obtained using the Origin Pro 8.5 software and Microsoft Excel. The results show that the bark extracts

关键词： Sclerocarya birrea Antioxidant Activity DPPH ABTS Total Phenolic

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Phytochemical Screening and Antioxidant Activities of Water Lilies Seeds, Neglected and Underused Species in the Delta and Lower Valley of the Senegal River

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2022年第6期13卷 756-765页

作者： Fatou Kine Gueye lahat niang Birane Dieng Modou Fall Gueye Nicolas Cyrilles Ayessou Mame Samba Mbaye Kandioura Noba Laboratory of Botany-Biodiversity (L.B.B.) Department of Plant Biology University Cheikh Anta Diop Dakar Sénéga Laboratory of Botany-Biodiversity (L.B.B.) Department of Plant Biology University Cheikh Anta Diop Dakar Sénégal Laboratory of Electrochemistry and Membrane Processes (LEPM) Dakar Sénégal Center for Studies on Food Safety and Functional Molecules (CESAM-RESCIF) ESP-UCAD Dakar Sénégal

Studies carried out in the delta and the lower valley have demonstrated, through ethnobotanical surveys, the importance of the species Nymphaea lotus L. and Nymphaea micrantha Guill. et Perr in the diet. The seeds are used in food and pharmacopoeia with a good appreciation by the indigenous population, especially in the diet of diabetics. However, studies on their biochemical aspects are still very rare in the literature. It is for this reason that this study was conducted to gather useful scientific information to allow a better appreciation of the pharmacological potentialities of these seeds. To do so, seeds were collected in ponds, tributaries of the Senegal River, dried in the shade, and divided into three different batches: a batch of red seeds of N. lotus, a batch of black seeds of N. lotus, and a batch of seeds of N. micrantha. Chemical screening, tannin, flavonoid, and polyphenol assays as well as antioxidant power of the seeds were carried out according to official standard methods. The results obtained in the qualitative analysis showed the presence of a high quantity of tannins, total phenols, flavonoids, and alkaloids, as well as a lower quantity of cardiac glycosides and the absence of anthracene compounds and saponosides in the seeds. The assay showed that Tannins are the highest (38.118 ± 0.021 to 118.132 ± 0.034 mg EAT/g DM) followed by flavonoids (24.057 ± 0.113 to 31.970 ± 0.087 mg EC/g DM) and polyphenols which are the lowest (0.544 ± 0.054 to 1.955 ± 0.120 mg EAG/g DM). In addition, these seeds have a high antioxidant power with high inhibition percentages, ranging from 83.92% ± 1.40% to 87.67% ± 0.16%. The promotion of their consumption could thus have a positive impact on the health of the populations of the Senegal River valley.

关键词： Water Lilies Women of the Senegal River Valley Food Security Neglected and Underused Species (NUS)

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Physicochemical, Biochemical and Antioxidant Potential Characterisation of Cashew Apple (Anacardium occidentale L.) from the Agro-Ecological Zone of Casamance (Senegal)

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2022年第4期13卷 439-452页

作者： Landing Ndiaye Mohamed Mahamoud Charahabil lahat niang Abdoulaye Diouf Khemes Marie Odile Thiocone Nicolas Cyrille Ayessou Malainy Diatta Agroforestry and Ecology Laboratory (LAFE) UASZ Ziguinchor Senegal Water Energy Environment and Industrial Processes Laboratory (LE3PI) ESP-UCAD Dakar Senegal Mathématic and Application Laboratory UASZ Ziguinchor Senegal Senegalese Institute of Agricultural Research National Forest Research Centre (ISRA/CNRF) Dakar Senegal

In Africa, the number of undernourished people is increasing at an alarming rate. However, fruits play an important role in humans, especially as a source of vitamins and minerals. In Senegal, there is research on the nut, but no attention given to the cashew apple. The present study contributes to the evaluation of the physicochemical and biochemical properties of cashew apple juice from the eco-geographical area of Casamance, in southern Senegal. The plant material consists of cashew apples collected in June 2021 from 120 cashew trees. Three batches were constituted for this purpose, taking into account the colour of the apples (red, yellow, and orange). AFNOR standardised methods were used for the physicochemical and biochemical characterisation of cashew apple juice. The dry extract, dry matter, and ash content of the red, yellow, and orange varieties ranged from 14 to 14.70 °Brix;12.96% to 14.17%, and 0.24 to 0.35 g/100g respectively. The multivariate analysis of variance by permutation allowed us to identify two groups of cashew apples. The first group, consisting of orange cashew apples, had the best nutritional quality and was very rich in total minerals (0.35 g/100g) and reducing sugars (18.69 mg/100g). The second group, made up of red and yellow apples, is particularly rich in protein (0.52 g/100ml) and antioxidants (43.28% in IP). Antioxidant power is positively correlated with total phenolic content (r = 0.99). Cashew co-products have a high nutritional value and a considerable economic issue.

关键词： Anacardium occidentale L. Apple Juice Biochemistry Antioxidant Senegal

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Effect of Sodium Carbonate on Extraction by Aqueous Decoction of Total Polyphenols from Crushed and Whole Leaves of Combretum micranthum

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2023年第9期14卷 812-823页

作者： Papa Guedel Faye lahat niang Edouard Mbarick Ndiaye Oumar Ibn Khatab Cisse Alioune Sow Nicolas Cyrille Ayessou Mady Cisse Laboratory of Water Energy Environment and Industrial Processes (LE3PI) Polytechnic Higher School Cheikh Anta Diop University of Dakar (ESP-UCAD) Dakar Senega Center for Studies on Food Security and Functional Molecules (CESAM) Dakar Senegal National School of Agriculture Iba Der THIAM University Thiès Senegal UFR Agronomic Sciences Aquaculture and Agrifood Technologies Gaston BERGER University Saint Louis USA

Sodium bicarbonate is sometimes used to aid in the extraction of total polyphenols. Its main effect is to increase the pH of the extraction solution. Raising the pH can cause changes in the chemical structure of polyphenols. This can lead to variations in their biological properties, solubility and stability. This work studied the effect of sodium carbonate on the extraction by aqueous decoction of total polyphenols from the leaves of Combretum micranthum. The content of total phenolic compounds in the extracts was estimated by the Folin-Ciocalteu method. The color of the samples was measured using a colorimeter (type: KONICA MINOLTA. Japan) based on the CIELAB color system. The results obtained were subjected to a one-way ANOVA analysis of variance with R software version 3.2.4 Revised (2018) and Minitab-18 software. The results reveal a drop in the concentration of extracted polyphenols proportional to the addition of sodium carbonate, i.e. a drop from 3.30 to 1.04 mg·AG·100 g-1 of extract on whole leaves and 3.921 to 2.551 mg·AG·100 g-1 extract on crushed leaves. On the other hand, the intensity of the coloring of the extracts increases significantly with the addition of sodium carbonate from 0.0 g·L -1 to 0.666 g·L-1.

关键词： Baking Soda Combrutum micranthum Extraction Decoction Polyphenols

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Northeastern Tropical Atlantic SST and Sahel Rainfall Variability

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Atmospheric and Climate Sciences 2023年第4期13卷 431-454页

作者： Dahirou Wane Abdou lahat Dieng Coumba niang Amadou T. Gaye Laboratoire de Physique de l’Atmosphère et de l’Océan Siméon Fongang Ecole Supérieure Polytechnique Université Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar (LPAO-SF/ESP/UCAD) Dakar Senegal

The SST variability during the summer period in the northeastern tropical Atlantic region (NTA) is characterized by an alternation of warming/cooling which represents 87% of the total variability. The aim of this paper is to study the atmospheric responses as well as the precipitation associated with these oceanic conditions. Based on Reynolds’s SST from 1982 to 2019, a normalized Northern Tropical Atlantic index (NTAI) is computed into the region between 15° - 25°W;12° - 16°N and a composite analysis is then performed. It is shown that the NTAI is significantly correlated with the SST’s first principal component mode (PC1) in this region. Moreover, the composite of SST anomalies and atmospheric parameters exhibits a strong local ocean-atmosphere interaction which highly impacts the large-scale atmospheric circulation in West Africa, particularly in the western Sahel. An in-depth analysis shows that the atmospheric response to the warm (cold) SST is a cyclonic (anticyclonic) circulation in the lower layers near the West Africa Coast. This cyclonic (anticyclonic) circulation strengthens/reduces the moisture transport towards the continent in the low levels. In the middle layers of the atmosphere (500 hPa), the warm (cold) composite is associated with a decrease (increase) in the intensity of the African Easterly Jet (AEJ) whereas, in the upper atmosphere (200 hPa), the strengthening (weakening) of the Tropical Easterly Jet (TEJ) is observed. With regard to the composite precipitation field, a positive/negative SST anomaly is associated with significantly enhanced/reduced rainfall in the western Sahelian region. It is found that this relationship (correlation) increases as we are closer to the coasts.

关键词： SST-Rain Sahel Rainfall Senegal Rainfall Ocean-Atmosphere Interaction

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