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Sulfur isotopic composition of Yellow and Yangtze rivers and uplift of the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau

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chinese science Bulletin 1999年第S2期44卷 120-122页

作者： HONG Yetang, GU Ailiang, WANG Hongwei and HONG Bing State Key laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, institute of Geochemistry, chinese academy of sciences, Guiyang 550002, china State Key laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry Institute of Geochemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Guiyang 550002 China

THE sulfur isotopic composition of dissolved sulfate in any rivers has been recognized as a mixture of thesulfur derived from the soil, bedrock and the atmosphere. The measurement of the sulfur isotopic composition in a river water can provide background information on the biogeochemical cycling of sulfur in theriver basin. So far, however, little work has been done on sulfur isotope in the watersheds of the majorrivers of the world. In particular, no information of the sulfur isotope of the major rivers in Asian conti-

关键词： sulfur isotopic composition Yellow and Yangtze rivers uplift Qinghai-Xizang Plateau.

Heavy Metal Accumulation in Plants on Mn Mine Tailings

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pedosphere 2006年第1期16卷 131-136页

作者： LIU Yun-Guo ZHANG Hui-Zhi ZENG Guang-Ming HUANG Bao-Rong LI Xin College of Environmental science and Engineering Hunan University Changsha 410082 （China）. institute of soil science Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing 210008 （China）

The Xiangtan Manganese (Mn) Mine in the middle of Hunan Province, china, has been mined since 1913 with mine tailings including excavated wastes, wastewater, and smelting wastes. A survey was conducted on the Mn mine tailing soils and eight plants on the Mn mine tailings. The concentrations of soil Mn, Pb, and Cd and the metal-enrichment traits of these eight plants were analyzed simultaneously. Exceptionally high concentrations of these three metals were found in the soils, especially on the tailing dam. Each plant investigated in this study accumulated the three heavy metals, but no hyperaccumulator of these metals was found. However, analysis indicated that Poa pratensis Linn., Gnaphalium affine D. Don, Pteris vittata L., Conyza canadensis (L.) Cronq., and Phytolacca acinosa Roxb. possessed specially good metal-enrichment and metal-tolerant traits. P. pratensis, G. affine, and P. vittata were Pb-tolerant plants; and C. canadensis, P. pratensis, and G. affine were Cd-tolerant plants. P. acinosa had a great tolerance to Mn. and it was a valuable plant for on-site phytoremediation. Phragmites communis Trin. was found to have high metal tolerance and economic benefit as a raw material for paper and should be considered for soil remediation. G. affine and C. canadensis had excessive accumulation of Mn and could be useful in phytoremediation. However, although P. pratensis was a good accumulator, it was not a suitable plant for soil remediation because its biomass was too little.

关键词： heavy metal metal-tolerant plant Mn mine tailings phytoremediation soil

Losses of Urea-Nitrogen Applied to Maize Grown on a Calcareous Fluvo-Aquic soil in North china Plain

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pedosphere 1992年第2期2卷 171-178页

作者： ZHANGSHAO－LIN ZHUZHAO－LIANG 等 instituteofsoilscience AcademiaSinicaNanjing210008（China） laboratoryofmaterialcyclinginpedosphere Ac

Field experiments were conducted in a maize (Zea mays L.)field of a calcareous fluvo-aquic soil in North china Plain for studying the fate and ammonia loss of urea-N applied at seedling stage,as well as the effectiveness of coated calcium carbide(CCC) in reducing N loss and in improving the yield efficiency of *** show that:(1) For the surface-broadcast treatment ammonia volatilization (measured with micro-meteorological technique)took place quickly,reached the peak 20-26hr after application,and then declined gradually;the cumulative ammonia loss approached the maximum 188hr after application (30% of the N applied),and increased only to 32% 284 hr after application;the latter accounted for 71% of the total loss (45% of applied N).(2) In the case of point placement at a depth of 5-10 cm,ammonia loss 188hr after application was only 12% of the N applied,accounting for 40% of the total loss.(3) There was no difference in total loss between the application depths of 6cm and 10 cm,the loss of them was 30% and 29%,respectively.(4) Total loss of N applied at lower rate (40kg N/ha)with point deep placement at 6cm depth was found only 4% of the N applied,it rose up to 30% when the rate of application increased to 80kg N/ ha.(5) The nitrification inhibitor,CCC,seemed to enhance N loss of urea rather than reduce it,and did not show any benefit effect in improving the yield efficiency of urea,which is presumably due to the high potential of ammonia volatilization in the soil and climatic conditions under investigation.

关键词： ammonia loss calcium carbide fate of fertilizer N maize urea

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外源镧对红壤、水稻土肥力参数的影响

中国稀土学报 2001年第3期19卷 261-264页

作者：朱建国谢祖彬褚海燕曾青张雅丽中国科学院南京土壤研究所土壤圈物质循环开放实验室江苏南京210008

采用土柱模拟研究了La对红壤、水稻土阳离子交换量、溶液组成、交换性酸等肥力参数的影响。随着外源La浓度的增加 ,积累在红壤、水稻土中的La呈交换态的比例增加 ,红壤比水稻土含有更多的水溶性La和交换态La ,且当La浓度大于 60 0mg·kg... 详细信息

采用土柱模拟研究了La对红壤、水稻土阳离子交换量、溶液组成、交换性酸等肥力参数的影响。随着外源La浓度的增加 ,积累在红壤、水稻土中的La呈交换态的比例增加 ,红壤比水稻土含有更多的水溶性La和交换态La ,且当La浓度大于 60 0mg·kg- 1 时 ,呈交换态比例基本保持不变。当La浓度小于 12 0 0mg·kg- 1 时 ,对红壤阳离子交换量没有显著影响 ,但La浓度达 12 0 0mg·kg- 1 时 ,对水稻土阳离子交换量产生极显著影响。La增加土壤酸度 ,并主要为交换性Al。La导致土壤胶体表面交换性Ca ,Mg减少 ,土壤溶液中Ca ,Mg增加 ,但当La浓度小于 15 0mg·kg- 1 时 ,对红壤、水稻土阳离子交换量 ,交换性Ca ,Mg和交换性H 。

关键词：稀土镧红壤水稻土土壤肥力参数微量元素肥料生态环境效应

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镧对油菜抗病性相关酶活性的影响

中国稀土学报 2003年第3期21卷 331-333页

作者：曾青朱建国谢祖彬褚海燕张雅莉中国科学院南京土壤所土壤圈物质循环开放实验室江苏南京210008

通过水培试验,研究了La对与油菜抗病性相关的过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和多酚氧化酶(PPO)酶活性以及对膜脂过氧化产物丙二醛(MDA)含量的影响。结果表明:喷施0.3mg·kg-1的La3+油菜叶绿素含量显著增加,POD,... 详细信息

通过水培试验,研究了La对与油菜抗病性相关的过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和多酚氧化酶(PPO)酶活性以及对膜脂过氧化产物丙二醛(MDA)含量的影响。结果表明:喷施0.3mg·kg-1的La3+油菜叶绿素含量显著增加,POD,CAT,SOD和PPO活性增高,MDA含量降低,但可溶性蛋白含量无显著变化。可见La具有诱导植株产生抗病性的作用。

关键词：植物病理学抗病性相关酶水培镧稀土

Spatial patterns of ecosystem carbon residence time in chinese forests

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中国科学：地球科学英文版 2010年第8期53卷 1229-1240页

作者： ZHOU Tao1,2, SHI PeiJun1,2, JIA GenSuo3, LI XiuJuan1,2 & LUO YiQi4 1 State Key laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, china 2 academy of Disaster Reduction and Emergency Management, Ministry of Civil Affairs & Ministry of Education, Beijing 100875, china 3 Key laboratory of Regional Climate-Environment Research for Temperate East Asia, chinese academy of sciences, Beijing 100029, china 4 Department of Botany and Microbiology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK 73019, USA State Key laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology Beijing Normal University Beijing China academy of Disaster Reduction and Emergency Management Ministry of Civil Affairs & Ministry of Education Beijing China Key laboratory of Regional Climate-Environment Research for Temperate East Asia Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China Department of Botany and Microbiology University of Oklahoma Norman USA

Capacity of carbon sequestration in forest ecosystem largely depends on the trend of net primary production (NPP) and the length of ecosystem carbon residence time. Retrieving spatial patterns of ecosystem carbon residence time is important and necessary for accurately predicting regional carbon cycles in the future. In this study, a data-model fusion method that combined a process-based regional carbon model (TECO-R) with various ground-based ecosystem observations (NPP, biomass, and soil organic carbon) and auxiliary data sets (NDVI, meteorological data, and maps of vegetation and soil texture) was applied to estimate spatial patterns of ecosystem carbon residence time in chinese forests at steady state. In the data-model fusion, the genetic algorithm was used to estimate the optimal model parameters related with the ecosystem carbon residence time by minimizing total deviation between modeled and observed values. The results indicated that data-model fusion technology could effectively retrieve model parameters and simulate carbon cycling processes for chinese forest ecosystems. The estimated carbon residence times were highly heterogenous over china, with most of regions having values between 24 and 70 years. The deciduous needleleaf forest and the evergreen needleleaf forest had the highest averaged carbon residence times (73.8 and 71.3 years, respectively), the mixed forest and the deciduous broadleaf forest had moderate values (38.1 and 37.3 years, respectively), and the evergreen broadleaf forest had the lowest value (31.7 years). The averaged carbon residence time of forest ecosystems in china was 57.8 years.

关键词： carbon residence time carbon cycle forest ecosystem data-model fusion inverse modeling genetic algorithm

Spatial Variability of Nutrient Properties in Black soil of Northeast china

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pedosphere 2007年第1期17卷 19-29页

作者： ZHANG Xing-Yi SUI Yue-Yu ZHANG Xu-Dong MENG Kai S. J. HERBERT Northeast institute of Geography and Agroecology Chinese Academy of Sciences Harbin 150081 （China） institute of Applied Ecology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shenyang 110016 （China） Heilongjiang University Harbin 150080 （China） Department of Plant Soil and Insect Sciences University of Massachusetts Amherst MA 01003 （USA）

A total of 1400 soil samples from the plow layer （0-20 cm） at an approximate interval of 5 km were collected in the autumn of 2002 over the entire black soil arable crops region to determine the spatial variability of seven variables, such as total organic matter content （OMC）, total N, total P, total K, alkali-dissolvable N （AN）, available P （AP） and available K （AK）, with classical statistics and geostatistical analysis across the entire black soil area in Northeast china. In nonsampled areas ordinary kriging was utilized for interpolation of estimated nutrient determinations. Classical statistics revealed highly significant （P ≤ 0.01） correlations with all seven of the soil properties, except for OMC with AP and total K with AK. In addition, using coefficients of variation, all soil properties, except for total K, were moderately variable. A geostatistical analysis indicated that structural factors, such as parent material, terrain, and water table, were the main causes of the spatial correlations. Strong spatial correlations were noted with OMC, total N, total P, AN, and AP, while they were moderate for total K and AK. The effective spatial autocorrelation of OMC, total N, total P, and AN ranged from 1 037 to 1353 km, whereas the ranges of total K, AP, and AK were only from 6 to 138 km. The fit of the experimental scmi-variograms to the theoretical models indicated that except for AN, kriging could successfully interpolate other six variables. Thns, the geostatistical method used on a large scale could accurately evaluate the spatial variability of most black soil nutrient properties in Northeast china.

关键词： black soil china geostatistics analysis soil survey spatial variability

Tillage Pedogenesis of Purple soils in Southwestern china

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Journal of Mountain science 2009年第2期6卷 205-210页

作者： HE Xiubin BAO Yuhai NAN Hongwei XIONG Donghong WANG Li LIU Yanfeng ZHAO Jingbo institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment Chinese Academy of Sciences Chengdu 610041 China Graduate School of the chinese academy of sciences Beijing 100049 China Shaanxi Normal University Xi'an 710062 China

Land cultivation and tillage process, and their consequent impacts on soil erosion, have been criticized as the main cause of degradation of land or soil quality. However, purple soils, classified as Regosols in FAO Taxonomy or Entisols in USDA Taxonomy, are formed from purple rocks of the Trias- Cretaceous system, have been developed or at least accelerated the development due to continual tillage operation, especially digging and ridging. The present study took micromorphological investigation on the sedimentary rocks and the soils under different operations of tillage. Results show that the purple rock of Feixiangguan Formation of the Trias system （Tlf） is the easiest to physical weathering and the most fertile soil material enriched in nutrients, and it has been, therefore, mostly cultivated and intensively tilled around the year. It has the fastest soil formation rate. soil formation rate in the cropland with conventional tillage is higher than that in the forestiand and the grassland. It implies that the artificial brokenness and tillage disturbance play a great role in physical weathering and initiating soil formation processes.

关键词： Tillage impact pedogenesis purple soil micromorphology southwestern china

Crop Yield and soil Responses to Long-Term Fertilization on a Red soil in Southern china

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pedosphere 2009年第2期19卷 199-207页

作者： ZHANG Hui-Min WANG Bo-Ren XU Ming-Gang FAN Ting-Lu Key laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Nutrient cycling Ministry of Agriculture of China and Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing 100081 China Department of Resource and Environment Northwest Sci-Tech University of Agriculture and Forestry Yangling 712100 China Department of Agronomy Henan University of Science and Technology Luoyang 471003 China

A 15-year fertilization experiment with different applications of inorganic N,P and K fertilizers and farmyard manure (M)was conducted to study the yield and soil responses to long-term fertilization at Qiyang,Hunan Province,china. Average grain yields of wheat and corn(1 672 and 5 111 kg ha-1,respectively)for the treatment NPKM were significantly higher than those(405 and 310 kg ha-1)of the unfertilized control and single inorganic fertilizer *** with the corresponding initial values of the experiment,all treatments showed a yield decline of 9 to 111 kg ha-1 year-1 in wheat and 35 to 260 kg ha-1 year-1 in corn,respectively,and a significant pH decline of 0.07 to 0.12 pH year?1,except for the treatments PK and *** long-term fertilization,the soil organic C,soil available P,exchangeable Ca2+ and Mg2+and available Cu2+and Zn2+contents were higher in the treatment NPKM than in the treatments applied with inorganic fertilizer *** to the treatment NPK,the treatment NPKM,where manure partially replaced inorganic N,had a positive impact on arresting the decline of soil *** improved grain yields of wheat and corn, suggesting that application of NPK fertilizer in combination with farmyard manure is important to maintain soil fertility and buffering capacity in red soil.

关键词： corn long-term fertilization red soil wheat yield