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Artificial synthesis of polyesters at ambient condition via consecutive CO_(2)electrolysis and fermentation

Nano Research 2024年第7期17卷 6016-6025页

作者： Guiru Zhang Ning Ji Shiheng lyu Baoxin Ni Peng Shen Ke Ye Yuting Wang Xuheng Jiang Hai Zhang Xi Liu Yongcheng Wang Kun Jiang Department of Laboratory Medicine of The First Affiliated Hospital&Liangzhu Laboratory Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou 310058China Interdisciplinary Research Center School of Mechanical EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China In-situ Centre for Physical Sciences Frontiers Science Center for Transformative MoleculesSchool of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200240China

Electrochemically converting CO_(2)into value-added chemicals is a promising approach to mitigate anthropogenic carbon emissions,yet largely limited to short-chained C_(1)–C_(3)***,we demonstrate a tandem artificial synthesis of biodegradable polyhydroxybutyrate(PHB)plastic from CO_(2)building *** synthesis of defects-enriched Bi catalyst is firstly demonstrated by plasma bombardment and following in situ electrochemical reduction,which delivers a HCOOH Faradaic efficiency above 80%at tunable concentration from 2 to 250 mM,an energy efficiency up to 41%,and a single-pass carbon conversion efficiency up to 60%.Annular dark field and second electron microscopic analysis,density functional theory(DFT)calcualtions,coupled with H-type and solid-state electrolyzer assessments,point out the vital role of defective and/or stepped Bi surface sites in promoting CO_(2)-to-HCOOH ***,as-synthesized high-purity HCOOH is used as the sole carbon source for C-chain growth within microbial fermentation reactor with Ralstonia eutropha,where activated formate dehydrogenase and increased metabolites related to Calvin–Benson–Bassham cycle are found to be responsible for the enhanced polyester accumulation.

关键词： CO_(2)electrolysis Bi catalyst vacancy site formic acid fermentation

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Millet Origin Identification Model Based on Near-infrared Spectroscopy

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Agricultural Biotechnology 2024年第3期13卷 31-33页

作者： Penghe lyu Dongfeng YANG College of Information and Electrical Engineering Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural UniversityDaqing 163700China

[Objectives]This study was conducted to clarify the difference of millet from different producing areas in near-infrared spectroscopy(NIRS)modeling.[Methods]Millet samples from six different regions were collected for NIRS analysis,and an origin identification model based on BP neural network was *** competitive adaptive reweighted sampling(CARS)algorithm was used to extract characteristic wavelength variables,and a CARS-BP model was established on this ***,the CARS-BP model was compared with support vector machine(SVM),partial least squares discriminant analysis(PLS)and KNN models.[Results]The characteristic wavelengths were extracted by CARS,and the number of variables was reduced from 1845 to *** discrimination accuracy of the CARS-BP model for the samples from six producing areas reached 98.1%,which was better than SVM,PSL and KNN models.[Conclusions]NIRS can quickly and accurately identify the origin of millet,providing a new method and way for the origin identification and quality evaluation of millet.

关键词： Millet Identification of origin CARS-BP model NIR

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A Series of Picture Books About Traveling Along the Belt and Road·Festival of Light and Lanterns

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China Book International 2024年第2期 126-128页

作者： Xu Lu lyu Yipin 不详

This book tells the story of a Chinese girl Xiao Mei,who enjoyed the Loy Krathong Festival and made traditional Thai Krathong with her parents when she traveled to *** presents Thailand's natural scenery and cultural style through beautiful pictures and vivid *** the same time,relevant knowledge is integrated into the story,so that children can increase their knowledge,broaden their horizons,and cultivate their inclusive minds through reading.

关键词： travel Road beautiful

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大运河江苏段沿线典型传统村落空间形态特征与影响因素及其启示

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自然资源学报 2024年第8期39卷 1993-2007页

作者：吕龙南京邮电大学物联网学院地理信息科学系南京210023

大运河见证了中国数千年的繁荣与变迁,沿线传统村落是其历史文化的直接展示。对这些村落的空间形态进行研究,不仅能够深入了解传统村落形态特征,还为其保护和发展提供有力的支持。以大运河江苏段沿线的48个传统村落为研究对象,运用空间... 详细信息

大运河见证了中国数千年的繁荣与变迁,沿线传统村落是其历史文化的直接展示。对这些村落的空间形态进行研究,不仅能够深入了解传统村落形态特征,还为其保护和发展提供有力的支持。以大运河江苏段沿线的48个传统村落为研究对象,运用空间句法指标定量描述其空间形态,并通过机器学习的层次聚类方法确定空间形态的类型,揭示大运河江苏段沿线典型传统村落空间形态的多样性、分布特征及其影响因素。研究发现:(1)大运河江苏段传统村落的空间形态包括高穿行型、高紧密型、高识别型、高穿行—高紧密型、高穿行—高识别型、高紧密—高识别型,分别占25%、6%、10%、17%、19%、23%。(2)在空间渗透能力、穿行可能性、空间之间的紧密程度和局部空间对整体空间的识别能力等方面,江南运河段的村落均高于中运河段和里运河段的村落。苏州市、无锡市、常州市和镇江市的村落主要以三种双高型为主;淮安市则以高紧密型和高识别型为主,扬州市以高穿行—高紧密型和高紧密—高识别型为主;而徐州市和宿迁市的村落更多以高穿行型为主。(3)影响因素方面包括地形和山水格局等自然因素,它们约束了村落的轮廓边界,引导了形态生长走向;还有行为主体主动适应的主体选择和社会形态因素,以及围绕乡村建设实时调控的经济推动和政策制度等因素。基于上述结论,在大运河国家公园建设和世界遗产保护的背景下,大运河江苏段的乡村规划建设应更加明确乡村空间界线、突出乡村的特色空间并优化乡村内外的交通。这既能保护和传承大运河的历史文化,也能促进乡村的可持续发展,实现人与自然的和谐共生。

关键词：传统村落空间形态影响因素层次聚类大运河江苏段

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Knowledge Distillation via Hierarchical Matching for Small Object Detection

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Journal of Computer Science & Technology 2024年第4期39卷 798-810页

作者： Yong-Chi Ma Xiao Ma Tian-Ran Hao Li-Sha Cui Shao-Hui Jin Pei lyu School of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou 450000China

Knowledge distillation is often used for model compression and has achieved a great breakthrough in image classification,but there still remains scope for improvement in object detection,especially for knowledge extraction of small *** main problem is the features of small objects are often polluted by background noise and not prominent due to down-sampling of convolutional neural network(CNN),resulting in the insufficient refinement of small object features during *** this paper,we propose Hierarchical Matching Knowledge Distillation Network(HMKD)that operates on the pyramid level P2 to pyramid level P4 of the feature pyramid network(FPN),aiming to intervene on small object features before *** employ an encoder-decoder network to encapsulate low-resolution,highly semantic information,akin to eliciting insights from profound strata within a teacher network,and then match the encapsulated information with high-resolution feature values of small objects from shallow layers as the *** this period,we use an attention mechanism to measure the relevance of the inquiry to the feature *** in the process of decoding,knowledge is distilled to the *** addition,we introduce a supplementary distillation module to mitigate the effects of background *** show that our method achieves excellent improvements for both one-stage and twostage object ***,applying the proposed method on Faster R-CNN achieves 41.7%mAP on COCO2017(ResNet50 as the backbone),which is 3.8%higher than that of the baseline.

关键词： knowledge distillation object detection small object detection machine learning

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Discovering Cathodic Biocompatibility for Aqueous Zn–MnO_(2) Battery:An Integrating Biomass Carbon Strategy

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Nano-Micro Letters 2024年第6期16卷 111-126页

作者： Wei Lv Zilei Shen Xudong Li Jingwen Meng Weijie Yang Fang Ding Xing Ju Feng Ye Yiming Li Xuefeng lyu Miaomiao Wang Yonglan Tian Chao Xu Institute of Energy Power Innovation North China Electric Power UniversityBeijing 102206People’s Republic of China Department of Power Engineering School of EnergyPower and Mechanical EngineeringNorth China Electric Power UniversityBaoding 071003People’s Republic of China Key Laboratory of RNA Biology Institute of BiophysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101People’s Republic of China Collaborative Innovation Center of Integrated Exploitation of Bayan Obo Multi‑Metal Resources Inner Mongolia University of Science and TechnologyBaotou 014010People’s Republic of China

Developing high-performance aqueous Zn-ion batteries from sustainable biomass becomes increasingly vital for large-scale energy storage in the foreseeable ***,γ-MnO_(2) uniformly loaded on N-doped carbon derived from grapefruit peel is successfully fabricated in this work,and particularly the composite cathode with carbon carrier quality percentage of 20 wt%delivers the specific capacity of 391.2 mAh g^(−1)at 0.1 A g^(−1),outstanding cyclic stability of 92.17%after 3000 cycles at 5 A g^(−1),and remarkable energy density of 553.12 Wh kg^(−1) together with superior coulombic efficiency of~100%.Additionally,the cathodic biosafety is further explored specifically through in vitro cell toxicity experiments,which verifies its tremendous potential in the application of clinical ***,Zinc ion energy storage mechanism of the cathode is mainly discussed from the aspects of Jahn–Teller effect and Mn domains distribution combined with theoretical analysis and experimental ***,a novel perspective of the conversion from biomass waste to biocompatible Mn-based cathode is successfully developed.

关键词： Aqueous Zn-ion batteries Biocompatibility Jahn-Teller effect Mn domains γ-MnO_(2)

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Hardware-oriented algorithms for softmax and layer normalization of large language models

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Science China(Information Sciences) 2024年第10期67卷 85-99页

作者： Wenjie LI Dongxu lyu Gang WANG Aokun HU Ningyi XU Guanghui HE School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering Shanghai Jiao Tong University Department of Micro/Nano Electronics Shanghai Jiao Tong University MoE Key Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence Shanghai Jiao Tong University

While large language models(LLMs) have sparked a new revolution in the field of natural language processing(NLP), their hardware accelerators have garnered tremendous attention. However, softmax and layer normalization which are the most common non-linear operations in LLMs are frequently *** paper presents hardware-oriented algorithms for both softmax and layer normalization of LLMs. We propose an approximate approach to implementing division in softmax and extend it for simultaneously computing square root and performing division in layer normalization. It replaces the original computation by multiplication and shifting. For softmax, we further approximate the exponential function by truncating its exponent and then reuse the involved subtraction. For layer normalization, we additionally simplify the computation of denominator by directly removing the term regarding the square of the mean. Furthermore,hardware architectures are developed for the proposed algorithms of softmax and layer normalization. They can work as plug-and-play units for LLM accelerators, requiring no fine-tuning and introducing negligible performance loss. Compared with the state-of-the-art designs, the proposed softmax architecture can save up to 23.45% area cost and 17.39% power consumption, while the proposed layer normalization architecture can save up to 32.70% area cost and 14.29% power consumption.

关键词： large language model softmax layer normalization hardware architecture Transformer

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Mating behaviors in ovoviviparous black rockfish(Sebastes schlegelii):molecular function of prostaglandin E2 as both a hormone and pheromone

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Marine Life Science & Technology 2024年第1期6卷 15-30页

作者： Likang lyu Yijia Yao Songyang Xie Xiaojie Wang Haishen Wen Yun Li Jianshuang Li Chenpeng Zuo Shaojing Yan Jingyi Dong Xin Qi Key Laboratory of Mariculture(Ocean University of China) Ministry of EducationOcean University of ChinaQingdao 266003China Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity Ocean University of ChinaQingdao 266003China

Prostaglandins(PGs)are profound hormones in teleost sexual behavior,especially in *** act as pheromones that affect the olfactory sensory neurons of males,inducing the initiation of a series of mating ***,the molecular mechanism by which PGs trigger mating behavior in ovoviviparous teleosts is still *** the present study,we employed the ovoviviparous black rockfish(Sebastes schlegelii),an economically important marine species whose reproductive production is limited by incomplete fertilization,as a model *** results showed that when the dose of PGE2 was higher than 10 nmol/L,a significant(P<0.05)increase in mating behaviors was ***-fluorescence in situ hybridization indicated that PGE2 could fire specific neurons in different brain regions and receptor cells in the olfactory *** combining with specific neurons in the central nervous system(CNS),a series of genes related to reproduction are *** intracerebroventricular administration of PGE_(2) significantly increased lhb levels(P<0.05)in both ***,steroidogenesis in gonads was also affected,inducing an increase(P<0.05)in E_(2) levels in males and T levels in ***_(2) levels were also increased significantly(P<0.05)in both *** present study revealed that PGE2 can activate mating behavior in black rockfish in both hormone and pheromone pathways,leading to variations in sex steroid levels and activation of reproductive *** results provide not only novel insight into the onset of mating behaviors in ovoviviparous teleosts but also solutions for the incomplete fertilization caused by natural mating in cage aquaculture.

关键词： Black rockfish Mating behavior Ovoviviparity Prostaglandin E2

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单细胞转录组学在慢性鼻窦炎研究中的进展与展望

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中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志 2024年第6期59卷 527-531页

作者：吕威中国医学科学院北京协和医学院北京协和医院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科北京100730

慢性鼻窦炎是一种常见的上呼吸道慢性炎性疾病,其病理生理机制涉及复杂的细胞和基因相互作用。传统的研究方法往往难以全面了解慢性鼻窦炎的发展过程及个体差异。近年来,单细胞转录组学技术的迅猛发展为深入解析复杂疾病提供了新的机会... 详细信息

慢性鼻窦炎是一种常见的上呼吸道慢性炎性疾病,其病理生理机制涉及复杂的细胞和基因相互作用。传统的研究方法往往难以全面了解慢性鼻窦炎的发展过程及个体差异。近年来,单细胞转录组学技术的迅猛发展为深入解析复杂疾病提供了新的机会。本文将探讨单细胞转录组学在慢性鼻窦炎研究中的最新进展,以期为疾病的个性化治疗提供希望。

关键词：慢性鼻窦炎病理生理机制个性化治疗基因相互作用转录组学慢性炎性疾病复杂疾病上呼吸道

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Aloe emodin promotes mucosal healing by modifying the differentiation fate of enteroendocrine cells via regulating cellular free fatty acid sensitivity

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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 2024年第9期14卷 3964-3982页

作者： Weilian Bao Jiaren lyu Guize Feng Linfeng Guo Dian Zhao Keyuan You Yang Liu Haidong Li Peng Du Daofeng Chen Xiaoyan Shen Department of Pharmacology&the Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery Ministry of Education School of PharmacyFudan UniversityShanghai 201210China Department of Natural Medicine School of PharmacyFudan UniversityShanghai 201210China Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery Xinhua HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghai 200092China Shanghai Colorectal Cancer Research Center Shanghai 200092China

The proper differentiation and reorganization of the intestinal epithelial cell population is critical to mucosal regeneration post *** retaining cells(LRCs)expressing SRY-box transcription factor 9(SOX9)promote epithelial repair by replenishing LGR5 t intestinal stem cells(ISCs).While,LRCs are also considered precursor cells for enteroendocrine cells(EECs)which exacerbate mucosal damage in inflammatory bowel disease(IBD).The factors that determine LRC-EEC differentiation and the effect of intervening in LRC-EEC differentiation on IBD remain *** this study,we investigated the effects of a natural anthraquinone called aloe emodin(derived from the Chinese herb rhubarb)on mucosal healing in IBD *** findings demonstrated that aloe emodin effectively interfered with the differentiation to EECs and preserved a higher number of SOX9t LRCs,thereby promoting mucosal ***,we discovered that aloe emodin acted as an antagonist of free fatty acid receptors(FFAR1),suppressing the FFAR1-mediated Gbg/serine/threonine-protein kinase(AKT)pathway and promoting the translocation of forkhead box protein O1(FOXO1)into the nucleus,ultimately resulting in the intervention of differentiation *** findings reveal the effect of free fatty acid accessibility on EEC differentiation and introduce a strategy for promoting mucosal healing in IBD by regulating the FFAR1/AKT/FOXO1 signaling pathway.

关键词： LRCs ISCs EECs IBD SOX9 Aloe emodin FFAR1 FOXO1

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