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Investigation on Fuel-N Transformation Properties of Coal/Biomass Heating Process in CO_(2)Atmosphere

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Journal of Thermal Science 2021年第4期30卷 1141-1150页

作者： LIN Junjie WANG Qinhui LIANG Xiaorui luo zhongyang State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310027China

To understand the effect of a CO_(2)atmosphere on the properties of the transformation from fuel-N to NO_(x)precursors(mainly NH_(3)and HCN),pyrolysis experiment on Pingliang coal(PL coal),wheat straw and their corresponding blends was carried out in a fluidized bed reactor within a temperature range of 750℃to 850℃.The results indicated that the PL coal and wheat straw show different NO_(x)precursor formation properties owing to the discrepancy between the N-containing structures in the raw *** with an argon atmosphere,CO_(2)can effectively suppress the formation of NH_(3).For HCN,the HCN yield of PL coal is suppressed and the HCN yield of wheat straw is ***,CO_(2)can suppress the overall nitrogen conversion rate of NH_(3)^(+)HCN for both coal and biomass,which causes more fuel-N to convert into tar-N and N_(2)-*** the blends of PL coal and wheat straw,the copyrolysis synergistic effect of coal/biomass influences the selectivity of HCN and NH_(3).The copyrolysis synergistic effect favors the formation of copyrolyzed HCN but has an opposite impact on the transformation from fuel-N to NH_(3).The synergistic effect of coal/biomass promotes the overall nitrogen conversion rate of NH_(3)^(+)HCN under a CO_(2)atmosphere,and the overall nitrogen conversion rate of NH_(3)+HCN is suppressed under an argon atmosphere,*** addition,the synergistic effect of coal/biomass suppresses the yield of environmentally harmless N_2,and more fuel-N was retained in the char.

关键词： Pyrolysis coal/biomass nitrogen NH_3 HCN

Catalytic hydrodeoxygenation of pyrolysis bio-oil to jet fuel: A review

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Frontiers in Energy 2024年第5期18卷 550-582页

作者： zhongyang luo Wanchen Zhu Feiting Miao Jinsong Zhou State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310027China

Bio-oil from biomass pyrolysis cannot directly substitute traditional fuel due to compositional *** hydrodeoxygenation(HDO)is the critical and efficient step to upgrade crude bio-oil to high-quality bio-jet fuel by lowering the oxygen content and increasing the heating ***,the hydrocracking reaction tends to reduce the liquid yield and increase the gas yield,causing carbon loss and producing hydrocarbons with a short *** obtain high-yield bio-jet fuel,the elucidation of the conversion process of biomass catalytic HDO is important in providing guidance for metal catalyst design and optimization of reaction *** the complexity of crude bio-oil,this review aimed to investigate the catalytic HDO pathways with model compounds that present typical bio-oil ***,it provided a comprehensive summary of the impact of physical and electronic structures of both noble and non-noble metals that include monometallic and bimetallic supported catalysts on regulating the conversion pathways and resulting product *** subsequent first principle calculations further corroborated reaction pathways of model compounds in atom-level on different catalyst surfaces with the experiments above and illustrated the favored C-O/C-O scission orders thermodynamically and ***,it discussed hydrogenation effects of different H-donors(such as hydrogen and methane)and catalysts deactivation for economical and industrial *** on the descriptions above and recent researches,it also elaborated on catalytic HDO of biomass and bio-oil with multi-functional ***,it presented the challenges and future prospective of biomass catalytic HDO.

关键词： biomass pyrolysis oil bio-jet fuel catalytic hydrodeoxygenation(HDO) metal catalyst reaction pathways

Rotation speed measurement of moving particles in a CFB riser

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Particuology 2009年第4期7卷 238-244页

作者： Xuecheng Wu Qinhui Wang zhongyang luo Mengxiang Fang Kefa Cen State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization Zhejiang University Hangzhou Zhejiang 310027 China

This paper presents a study on measuring rotation speed of moving glass beads with an average diameter of 500 p.m in a pilot-scale circulating fluidized bed （CFB） riser with a high-speed digital imaging system. Two methods have been developed to calculate particle rotation speed from the particle images. The first method consists of a fully automated algorithm based on cross-correlation of gray distribution of particle images for particles whose rotation axes are （nearly） perpendicular to the imaging plane, and the second method calculates the speed of particle rotation by identifying its rotation axis using two or more characteristic points on its surface. The reliability of the two methods is verified by using a small sphere with known speed and direction of rotation. The first method is shown to be capable of measuring accurately the rotation speed for the particle with a rotation axis （nearly） perpendicular to the imaging plane and filtering off other particles using an appropriate threshold of correlation coefficient. The second method is shown to be capable of yielding both the speed and direction of particle rotation, with a measurement error of less than 10%. Results of both methods on real glass beads in a CFB riser are compared against each other.

关键词： Rotation speed measurement Moving particles Gas-solid flow Circulating fluidized bed (CFB)

Non-uniform distribution of gas-solid flow through six parallel cyclones in a CFB system: An experimental study

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Particuology 2012年第2期10卷 170-175页

作者： Xinglong Zhou Leming Cheng Qinhui Wang zhongyang luo Kefa Cen State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utlization Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310027China

In large-scale circulating fluidized bed （CFB） boilers, it is common to use multiple cyclones in parallel for the capture of solids, assuming that gas-solid flow to be the same in the cyclones. This article presents a study investigating gas-solid flow through six parallel cyclones in a CFB cold test rig. The six cyclones were located asymmetrically on the left and right walls of the riser. Solid volume fraction and particle velocity profiles at the riser outlets and in the horizontal ducts were measured using a fiber optical probe. Cyclone pressure drop and solid circulating rate were measured for each individual cyclone. Measure- ments showed good agreement as to the non-uniform distribution of the gas-solid flow, which occurred mainly across the three cyclones on one side： the middle cyclones on both sides had higher particle veloc- ities. Conversely, the solid volume fractions, solid fluxes and solid circulating rates of the middle cyclones were lower than those of the other four cyclones. The apparent reason for the flow non-uniformity among the cyclones is the significant flow non-uniformity at the riser outlets. Under typical operating conditions, the solid volume fractions at the riser outlets had a deviation of up to 26% whereas the solid circulating rates at the stand pipes, 7%. These results are consistent with most other studies in the literature.

关键词： Circulating fluidized bed600-MW CFBParallel cycloneSolid circulating rate

Forms of potassium and chlorine from oxy-fuel co-combustion of lignite coal and corn stover

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Carbon Resources Conversion 2019年第2期2卷 103-110页

作者： Chansa Oris zhongyang luo Wennan Zhang Chunjiang Yu State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization Zhejiang University38 Zheda RoadHangzhouZhejiang 310027China Department of Chemical Engineering Mid Sweden University85170 SundsvallSweden

In this work,the forms of potassium and chlorine from oxy-fuel co-combustion of lignite coal and corn stover under atmospheric pressure were *** order to check transitional stage,the feedstocks were combusted stepwise,first by pyrolysis to form coke under N2 environment and later by coke combustion into the ash at 850℃ in O_(2)/CO_(2) *** results show that an increase in blend ratio from 15%to 40%results in an increase in water-soluble potassium in the feedstock and the ashes from 0.15%to 0.4%and 0.015%to 0.038%in weight *** water-soluble potassium is present mainly as KCl and *** ammonium acetate soluble potassium,a similar trend to water-soluble potassium is presented but with a much lower content of *** bound potassium in the fuel matrix exists,likely in the form of AlKSi_(2)O_(6).Chlorides are present mainly in the form of KCl which is the dominant water-soluble compound.

关键词： Co-combustion(biomas&coal) Oxyfuel combustion Chemical fractionation Phase-mineral identifications

Structural evolution of chars from biomass components pyrolysis in a xenon lamp radiation reactor

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2017年第2期25卷 232-237页

作者： Haizhou Lin Shurong Wang Li Zhang Bin Ru Jinsong Zhou zhongyang luo State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310027 China

The structural evolution of the chars from pyrolysis of biomass components （cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin） in a xenon lamp radiation reactor was investigated. The elemental composition analysis showed that the C content increased at the expense of H and O contents during the chars formation. The values of AH/C/ZSO/c for the formation of cellulose and hemicellulose chars were close to 2, indicating that dehydration was the dominant reaction. Meanwhile, the value was more than 3 for lignin char formation, suggesting that the occurrence of demethoxylation was prevalent. FTIR and XRD analyses further disclosed that the cellulose pyrolysis needed to break down the stable crystal structure prior to the severe depolymerization. As for hemicellulose and lignin pyrolysis, the weak branches and linkages decomposed firstly, followed by the major decomposition. After the devolatilization at the main pyrolysis stage, the three components encountered a slow carbonization process to form condensed aromatic chars. The SEM results showed that the three components underwent different devolatilization behaviors, which induced various surface mornhologies of the chars.

关键词： Biomass componentsPyrolysisCharStructural characterization

Experimental Study on Coal Partial Gasification Coproducing Char,Tar,and Gas

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Journal of Thermal Science 2023年第6期32卷 2297-2309页

作者： SONG Xue WANG Qinhui ZHU Yao XIE Guilin ZHU Deao CEN Jianmeng luo zhongyang State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou310027China

The coal partial gasification process produces a large number of *** have similar combustion characteristics to anthracite and can be utilized as a material manufacturing clean briquette to replace residential coal to achieve clean ***,the coal partial gasification produced more tar at relatively low temperature,which can be applied as naphtha or diesel after purification and ***,experiments of coal partial gasification coproducing char,tar,and gas are carried out on a bench-scale fluidized bed reactor during the temperature range of 625–762℃.The effect of equivalence ratio on the characteristics of coal partial gasification products is *** results show that the equivalence ratio increasing from 0.06 to 0.13 leads to a higher partial gasification temperature and lower char yield,and tar yield reaches a maximum value and the lower calorific value of gas reaches as high as 6.14 MJ/m^(3).When the gasification temperature is lower than 643℃,the increase in temperature promotes the generation of oxygen-containing functional groups and aromatic compounds in coal particles,and the microstructures of char become more *** combustion stability of char is getting worse,whereas the pore structures in char become abundant at high *** the analysis of the tar chromatography column,it is observed that asphaltene and non-hydrocarbon account for 77%–88%of the total amount of tar.

关键词： coal partial gasification cascading utilization product characteristics

Characterization of pyrolytic lignins with different activities obtained from bio-oil

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2017年第3期25卷 324-329页

作者： Furong Leng Yurong Wang Junhao Chen Shurong Wang Jinsong Zhou zhongyang luo State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310027China

Pyrolytic lignin, the water-insoluble fraction in bio-oil, often shows a high content and has strong intermolecular interactions with other compounds in bio-oil. In order to obtain pure pyrolytic lignin and facilitate the utilization of aqueous phase obtained from water extraction of bio-oil, methanol–water extraction method was employed to further separate the bio-oil water-insoluble phase in this paper. Different technologies, including Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, gel permeation chromatography, and nuclear magnetic resonance, were adopted to characterize the structures of pyrolytic lignins with different activities obtained through this method. Both the heating value and the polymerization degree of high-molecular-weight pyrolytic lignin were higher than those of low-molecular-weight pyrolytic lignin. The molecular weight distribution of high-molecular-weight pyrolytic lignin was relatively wider, among which the contents of dimers to pentamers all accounted for 12% –18%,while the low-molecular-weight pyrolytic lignin mainly consisted of trimers(75.38%). The pyrolytic lignins had similar basic structures, both of which contained syringyl and guaiacyl units, whereas the low-molecular-weight pyrolytic lignin had more abundant syringyl units, reactive carbonyl groups and hydroxyl groups. Meanwhile,thermogravimetric study revealed that the final char residue yield of low-molecular-weight pyrolytic lignin was lower than that of high-molecular-weight pyrolytic lignin.

关键词： Bio-oil Pyrolytic lignin Separation Characterization

Experimental study of NO_2 reduction in N_2/Ar and O_2/Ar mixtures by pulsed corona discharge

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2014年第11期26卷 2249-2256页

作者： Xinbo Zhu Chenghang Zheng Xiang Gao Xu Shen Zhihua Wang zhongyang luo Kefa Cen State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization Zhejiang University Zhejiang Electric Power Design Institute

Non-thermal plasma technology has been regarded as a promising alternative technology for NOx removal. The understanding of NO2 reduction characteristics is extremely important since NO2 reduction could lower the total NO oxidation rate in the plasma atmosphere. In this study, NO2 reduction was experimentally investigated using a non-thermal plasma reactor driven by a pulsed power supply for different simulated gas compositions and operating parameters. The NO2 reduction was promoted by increasing the specific energy density （SED）, and the highest conversion rates were 33.7%, 42.1% and 25.7% for Ar, N2/Ar and O2/Ar, respectively. For a given SED, the NO2 conversion rate had the order N2/Ar 〉 Ar 〉 02/Ar. The highest energy yield of 3.31 g/kWh was obtained in N2/Ar plasma and decreased with increasing SED; the same trends were also found in the other two gas compositions. The conversion rate decreased with increasing initial NO2 concentration. Furthermore, the presence of N2 or O2 led to different reaction pathways for NO2 conversion due to the formation of different dominating reactive radicals.

关键词： Non-thermal plasma Pulsed corona discharge NO NO2