检索结果-南通市图书馆

Impact of 1.5°C and 2.0°C global warming on aircraft takeoff performance in china

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Science Bulletin 2018年第11期63卷 700-707页

作者： Tianjun Zhou Liwen Ren Haiwen Liu Jingwen lu LASG Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Department of Aviation Meteorology Civil Aviation University of ChinaTianjin 300300China

Associated with global warming, climate extremes such as extreme temperature will significantly increase. Understanding how climate change will impact the airflights is important to the planning of future flight operations. In this study, the impacts of 1.5 and 2 degree's global warming on the aircraft takeoff performance in china are investigated using a unique climate projection data from an international collaboration project named HAPPI. It is found that the mean summer daily maximum temperature, which is a major factor that affects the flight through changing the aircraft's takeoff weight, will increase significantly with magnitude less than 1.5℃ over most parts of china except for the Tibetan Plateau. The half a degree additional global warming will lead to higher extreme temperature in the arid and semi-arid western china, the Tibetan Plateau and the northeastern china, while the change in eastern china is weak. Five airports including beijing, Shanghai, Kunming, Lasa and Urumqi will see ～1.0°-2.0℃(1.4°-3.0℃) higher daily maximum temperature under 1.5℃(2.0℃) scenario. The half-degree additional warming will lead to a shift toward higher extreme temperature in these five sites. For both1.5° and 2.0℃ scenarios, the number of weight-restriction days will increase significantly at 3.airports including beijing, Shanghai, and Lasa. Urumqi will witness an increase of weight-restriction days only in 2.0℃ future.

关键词： Extreme temperature 1.5 and 2 degree's global warming Airflight Weight-restriction days

秦岭北麓地区CO_(2)和水汽湍流输送实验研究

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

中国环境科学 2024年第5期44卷 2407-2417页

作者：彭艳赵奎锋张璐张宏昇李星敏陕西省气象科学研究所秦岭和黄土高原生态环境气象重点实验室陕西西安710016 陕西省气象局秦岭和黄土高原生态环境气象重点实验室陕西西安710016 北京大学物理学院大气与海洋科学系气候与海-气实验室北京100871

利用中国气象局秦岭气溶胶与云微物理野外科学试验基地长安站2021年4月~2022年3.涡动相关系统观测资料,结合气象观测资料,研究了秦岭北麓城郊过渡带近地面大气CO_(2)、H_(2)O浓度、蒸发量以及湍流通量演变特征,并讨论了气象要素对碳通... 详细信息

利用中国气象局秦岭气溶胶与云微物理野外科学试验基地长安站2021年4月~2022年3.涡动相关系统观测资料,结合气象观测资料,研究了秦岭北麓城郊过渡带近地面大气CO_(2)、H_(2)O浓度、蒸发量以及湍流通量演变特征,并讨论了气象要素对碳通量的影响.结果表明:观测时段内CO_(2)小时浓度年均值为(404.4±27.9)×10^(-6),与瓦里关大气背景观测站和全球背景观测站CO_(2)年均值浓度水平相当,水汽小时浓度年均值为9.44g/m^(3.,年总蒸发量为13.1.5mm;CO_(2)、水汽浓度和蒸发量均存在显著的月、季节变化特征;CO_(2)和水汽通量存在明显的日、月和季节变化,全年白天均表现为较强的碳吸收,观测时段内CO_(2)总吸收量约为-3.47g/m^(2);夜间表现为碳排放,观测时段内总排放量约为263.g/m^(2);气温、土壤温度、相对湿度和风速的变化均会对区域内CO_(2)通量产生影响,温度升高会增加区域内植被的固碳能力;白天CO_(2)通量负值多出现在西风条件下,农田和植被覆盖率较大的区域为CO_(2)通量的主要贡献区域;夜间CO_(2)通量正值主要来自于植被、土壤呼吸作用和人类活动排放的贡献.总体而言,秦岭北麓城郊过渡带呈现较为明显的碳汇属性,实验时段内CO_(2)的净吸收量约为-416g/m^(2).

关键词： CO_(2)通量秦岭北麓城郊过渡带涡动相关气象因子

atmospheric Profiling Synthetic Observation System in Tibet

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Advances in atmospheric Sciences 2018年第3期35卷 264-267页

作者： Daren lu Weilin PAN Yinan WANG institute of atmospheric physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029 China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China

1. Introduction The Atmosphere Profiling Synthetic Observation System （APSOS） is the first ground-based facility for profiling atmospheric variables and multiple constituents in the whole （neutral） atmosphere from the surface up to the lower thermosphere. It enables simultaneous observations and extensive studies of the atmospheric vertical structure and constituent transport.

关键词： SO CAS Figure TP

天津冬季两个典型污染过程高浓度无机气溶胶成因及来源分析

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

环境科学 2024年第5期45卷 2581-2595页

作者：卢苗苗韩素芹刘可欣唐晓孔磊丁净樊文雁王自发天津市环境气象中心天津300074 中国气象局‐南开大学大气环境与健康研究联合实验室天津300074 南开大学环境科学与工程学院天津市城市交通污染防治研究重点实验室天津300071 中国科学院大气物理研究所大气边界层物理和大气化学国家重点实验室北京100029 中国科学院大气物理研究所国际气候与环境科学中心北京100029 中国科学院大学地球与行星科学学院北京100049

无机气溶胶是天津冬季霾天出现的主要成分,研究挑选了2020年1月污染天中两个典型的高浓度无机气溶胶(SIA)过程(CASE1和CASE2),利用观测数据和耦合了在线污染物来源追踪方法的大气化学传输模式NAQPMS综合探究了气象要素、区域输送和化学... 详细信息

无机气溶胶是天津冬季霾天出现的主要成分,研究挑选了2020年1月污染天中两个典型的高浓度无机气溶胶(SIA)过程(CASE1和CASE2),利用观测数据和耦合了在线污染物来源追踪方法的大气化学传输模式NAQPMS综合探究了气象要素、区域输送和化学过程的影响.两个过程的ρ(SIA)均值分别为76.8μg·m^(−3.和66.0μg·m^(−3.,硝酸盐浓度高于硫酸盐和铵盐,均为硝酸盐为主导的污染过程.气象条件影响了无机气溶胶的生成,CASE1过程ρ(SIA)>80μg·m^(−3.对应的温度和相对湿度区间分别是[−6℃,0℃]、[2℃,4℃]和[50%,60%]、[80%,100%];CASE2过程对应的温度和相对湿度区间分别是[2℃,4℃]和[60%,70%].外来源对CASE1和CASE2过程SIA的平均贡献率为62.3.和22.1%,分别为区域传输主导和局地生成主导过程.CASE1本地排放对硝酸盐和硫酸盐的贡献分别为16.2μg·m^(−3.和8.2μg·m^(−3.,均高于外来源的贡献(3..7μg·m^(−3.和8.8μg·m^(−3.);CASE2过程本地排放对硝酸盐和硫酸盐的贡献分别为29.3.g·m^(−3.和25.1μg·m^(−3.,而外来源的贡献为8.1μg·m^(−3.和9.4μg·m^(−3..这表明CASE1本地生成和外来源输送贡献造成硝酸盐高于硫酸盐浓度,而CASE2仅本地源造成硝酸盐浓度高于硫酸盐.两个污染过程气相氧化反应是无机气溶胶生成的首要来源,贡献率分别为48.9%和57.8%;非均相反应也是重要过程,对SIA的贡献率分别为48.1%和42.2%;液相反应的影响小.

关键词：无机气溶胶气象因素区域传输化学过程天津

Impacts of Multigrid NLS-4DVar-based Doppler Radar Observation Assimilation on Numerical Simulations of Landfalling Typhoon Haikui (2012)

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Advances in atmospheric Sciences 2020年第8期37卷 873-892页

作者： lu ZHANG Xiangjun TIAN Hongqin ZHANG Feng CHEN International Center for Climate and Environment Sciences Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters Nanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjing 210044China Zhejiang institute of Meteorological Sciences Hangzhou 310008China

We applied the multigrid nonlinear least-squares four-dimensional variational assimilation(MG-NLS4DVar)method in data assimilation and prediction experiments for Typhoon Haikui(2012)using the Weather Research and Forecasting(WRF)*** data included radial velocity(Vr)and reflectivity(Z)data from a single Doppler radar,quality controlled prior to *** prediction results were evaluated and compared between the NLS-4DVar and MG-NLS4DVar *** with a forecast that began with NCEP analysis data,our radar data assimilation results were clearly improved in terms of structure,intensity,track,and precipitation prediction for Typhoon Haikui(2012).The results showed that the assimilation accuracy of the NLS-4DVar method was similar to that of the MG-NLS4DVar method,but that the latter was more *** assimilation of Vr alone and Z alone each improved predictions of typhoon intensity,track,and precipitation;however,the impacts of Vr data were significantly greater that those of Z *** window-length sensitivity experiments showed that a 6-h assimilation window with 3.-min assimilation intervals produced slightly better results than either a 3.h assimilation window with 15-min assimilation intervals or a 1-h assimilation window with 6-min assimilation intervals.

关键词： MG-NLS4DVar NLS-4DVar radar data assimilation typhoon forecast

Model Uncertainty Representation for a Convection-Allowing Ensemble Prediction System Based on CNOP-P

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Advances in atmospheric Sciences 2020年第8期37卷 817-831页

作者： lu WANG Xueshun SHEN Juanjuan LIU Bin WANG Asset Operation Centre China Meteorological AdministrationBeijing 100081China State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather Chinese Academy of Meteorological SciencesBeijing 100081China Numerical Weather Prediction Center/National Meteorological Center China Meteorological AdministrationBeijing 100081China institute of Atmosphere physics Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China Center for Earth System Science Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

Formulating model uncertainties for a convection-allowing ensemble prediction system(CAEPS)is a much more challenging problem compared to well-utilized approaches in synoptic weather forecasting.A new approach is proposed and tested through assuming that the model uncertainty should reasonably describe the fast nonlinear error growth of the convection-allowing model,due to the fast developing character and strong nonlinearity of convective *** Conditional Nonlinear Optimal Perturbation related to Parameters(CNOP-P)is applied in this ***,an ensemble approach is adopted to solve the CNOP-P *** using five locally developed strong convective events that occurred in pre-rainy season of South china,the most sensitive parameters were detected based on CNOP-P,which resulted in the maximum variations in precipitation.A formulation of model uncertainty is designed by adding stochastic perturbations into these sensitive *** comparison ensemble experiments by using all the 13.heavy rainfall cases that occurred in the flood season of South china in 2017,the advantages of the CNOP-P-based method are examined and verified by comparing with the well-utilized stochastically perturbed physics tendencies(SPPT)*** results indicate that the CNOP-P-based method has potential in improving the under-dispersive problem of the current CAEPS.

关键词： CNOP-P convective scale model uncertainty ensemble forecastforecast

Eigen microstates and their evolutions in complex systems

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Communications in Theoretical physics 2021年第6期73卷 140-157页

作者： Yu Sun Gaoke Hu Yongwen Zhang Bo lu Zhenghui lu Jingfang Fan Xiaoteng Li Qimin Deng Xiaosong Chen institute of Theoretical physics Key Laboratory of Theoretical PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesPO Box 2735Beijing 100190China School of Physical Sciences University of Chinese Academy of ScienceNo.19A Yuquan RoadBeijing 100049China beijing Computational Science Research Center Beijing 100193China Data Science Research Center Kunming University of Science and TechnologyKunming 650500China Laboratory for Climate Studies National Climate CenterChina Meteorological AdministrationBeijing 100081China CAS Key Laboratory of Regional Climate Environment for Temperate East Asia Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China School of Systems Science Beijing Normal UniversityBeijing 100875China Harvest Fund Management Beijing 100021China Lab for Climate and Ocean-Atmosphere Studies Deptof Atmospheric and Oceanic SciencesSchool of PhysicsPeking UniversityBeijing100871China

Emergence refers to the existence or formation of collective behaviors in complex ***,we develop a theoretical framework based on the eigen microstate theory to analyze the emerging phenomena and dynamic evolution of complex *** this framework,the statistical ensemble composed of M microstates of a complex system with N agents is defined by the normalized N×M matrix A,whose columns represent microstates and order of row is consist with the *** ensemble matrix A can be decomposed as■,where r=min(N,M),eigenvalueσIbehaves as the probability amplitude of the eigen microstate U_I so that■and U_I evolves following V_*** a disorder complex system,there is no dominant eigenvalue and eigen *** a probability amplitudeσIbecomes finite in the thermodynamic limit,there is a condensation of the eigen microstate UIin analogy to the Bose–Einstein condensation of Bose *** indicates the emergence of U_I and a phase transition in complex *** framework has been applied successfully to equilibrium threedimensional Ising model,climate system and stock *** anticipate that our eigen microstate method can be used to study non-equilibrium complex systems with unknown orderparameters,such as phase transitions of collective motion and tipping points in climate systems and ecosystems.

关键词： complex system phase transition critical phenomena Earth system statistical ensemble eigen microstate dynamic evolution econophysics

Impact of cloud inhomogeneity on bi-directional reflectance

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Chinese Science Bulletin 2008年第1期53卷 124-130页

作者： WANG Yue lu DaRen HUO Juan Laboratory for Middle Atmosphere and Global Environment Observation Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029 China

This paper uses SHDOM (Spherical Harmonics Discrete Ordinate Method) to calculate the nadir bidi-rectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) of the cumulus and stratocumulus fields at the wave-lengths of 0.67 μm and 2.13.m, and discusses the impact of cloud inhomogeneity on BRDF. The cloud fields are adopted from I3.C Phase II, which are used to compare 3. radiative transfer models. The simulation results show that the cu field has 6% abnormal BRDF values (BRDF>1) with the increase of solar zenith angle. Further analyses show that grid cells whose BRDF is greater than one gather to-gether at the local trough of the top of cloud. These regions can receive not only the direct incident solar beam, but also the beam scattered by the higher cloud of its neighborhood. Hence, the BRDF of those regions is enhanced. The abnormal BRDF phenomenon shows that the cloud inhomogeneity can result in inconsistency between satellite observation and plane parallel theory, implying that the re-flectance observed by high resolution satellite is maybe enhanced by the cloud 3. effects. Thus one should take this fact into account when using the product retrieved by these data. The dominant solar zenith angles are quite large in the mid-high altitude area, and the impact of cloud inhomogeneity on these areas may be more significant.

关键词：云层反射率方向分布函数

Evaluation of Ocean Data Assimilation in CAS-ESM-C:Constraining the SST Field

在线全文

学校读者我要写书评

暂无评论

Advances in atmospheric Sciences 2016年第7期33卷 795-807页

作者： Xiao DONG Renping LIN Jiang ZHU Zeting lu International Center for Climate and Environment Sciences Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029 University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 Troop 61741 PLABeijing 100094

A weakly coupled assimilation system, in which SST observations are assimilated into a coupled climate model （CAS- ESM-C） through an ensemble optimal interpolation scheme, was established. This system is a useful tool for historical climate simulation, showing substantial advantages, including maintaining the atmospheric feedback, and keeping the oceanic tields from drifting far away from the observation, among others. During the coupled model integration, the bias of both surface and subsurface oceanic fields in the analysis can be reduced compared to unassimilated fields. Based on 3. model years of *** fiom the system, the climatology and imerannual variability of the climate system were evaluated. The results showed that the system can reasonably reproduce the climatological global precipitation and SLP, bul it still sutters from the double ITCZ problem. Besides, the ENSO footprint, which is revealed by ENSO-related surface air temperature, geopotential height and precipitation during El Nifio evolution, is basically reproduced by the system. The system can also simulate the observed SST-rainfall relationships well on both interannual and intraseasonal timescales in the western North Pacific region, in which atmospheric feedback is crucial for climate simulation.

关键词： ocean data assimilation ensemble optimal interpolation CAS-ESM-C ENSO footprint atmospheric feedback,air-sea interaction western North Pacific