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氮肥追施量对菜油两用油菜籽产量的影响

中国油料作物学报 2025年第1期47卷 143-149页

作者：孟孜贞杨佳群田贵生胡兵鲁君明任涛鲁剑巍华中农业大学资源与环境学院/农业农村部长江中下游耕地保育重点实验室/华中农业大学微量元素研究中心湖北武汉430070 武穴市农业农村局湖北黄冈435401 洪湖市大同湖管理区农业技术服务中心湖北荆州433221

菜油两用是发展油菜多功能利用的重要途径,明确不摘薹和摘薹油菜的追施氮肥用量对油菜籽产量及其构成因子的影响,可为菜油两用油菜科学施肥提供依据。2022-2023年在湖北省洪湖市和武穴市布置田间试验,主处理设置为不摘薹和摘薹,副处理... 详细信息

菜油两用是发展油菜多功能利用的重要途径,明确不摘薹和摘薹油菜的追施氮肥用量对油菜籽产量及其构成因子的影响,可为菜油两用油菜科学施肥提供依据。2022-2023年在湖北省洪湖市和武穴市布置田间试验,主处理设置为不摘薹和摘薹,副处理为追施氮肥(N)0、22.5、45.0、67.5、90.0和112.5 kg/hm^(2)。与不摘薹油菜相比,洪湖和武穴试验点在摘薹(鲜量)分别为6217 kg/hm^(2)和6613 kg/hm^(2)的条件下,两个试验点的油菜籽分别平均减产5.0%和24.7%,其中不追肥和低追肥量处理的减产幅度高于中高追肥量处理。薹期追施氮肥显著提高油菜籽产量,且摘薹油菜对追施氮肥的响应程度高于不摘薹油菜。洪湖点不摘薹和摘薹油菜分别追施氮肥40.6 kg/hm^(2)和42.2 kg/hm^(2)时可获得最高产量,而武穴点相应的最佳追施氮肥用量分别为33.4 kg/hm^(2)和40.3 kg/hm^(2),说明菜油两用油菜的薹期追施氮肥用量要高于常规油菜。追施氮肥显著增加不摘薹油菜一次分枝上的角果数和摘薹油菜二次分枝上的角果数,摘薹与不摘薹相比能增加油菜的每角粒数但千粒重显著降低。摘薹油菜籽的含油率略高于不摘薹油菜,追施氮肥降低籽粒含油率,适宜追施氮肥能有效提高产油量。研究结果说明在油菜薹期摘薹6.4 t/hm^(2)左右的条件下无论是否追施氮肥均会显著降低油菜籽产量,追施氮肥可以弥补产量的损失,适宜氮肥(N)用量为40 kg/hm^(2)左右。

关键词：菜油两用追施氮肥用量油菜籽产量角果数每角粒数千粒重

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以企业主导推进新时期江苏产教融合进程研究

湖北开放职业学院学报 2025年第2期38卷 123-125页

作者：张丽媛卢剑伟常熟理工学院江苏常熟215500 常州工业职业技术学院江苏常州213164

新时期产教融合已从导入期转入成长期,应突显企业的主体地位和主导作用,实现推进新旧动能转换。江苏省在“产教融合”系列组合拳、省级产业教授计划、高校协同创新计划和跨省域协同育人等方面取得了一系列成果,但同时也存在融合深度不... 详细信息

新时期产教融合已从导入期转入成长期,应突显企业的主体地位和主导作用,实现推进新旧动能转换。江苏省在“产教融合”系列组合拳、省级产业教授计划、高校协同创新计划和跨省域协同育人等方面取得了一系列成果,但同时也存在融合深度不足、融合广度不够、融合范式不新、企业意愿不强等诸多问题。建议统筹产教融合规划布局、突出行业企业主体地位、加快产教融合型企业建设、打造高能级平台载体,以企业主导推进江苏产教融合的新进程。

关键词：产教融合企业主导江苏

Effect of NPK Application on Yield,Nutrients and Water Utilization Under Sudangrass and Ryegrass Rotation Regime

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Agricultural Sciences in China 2010年第7期9卷 1026-1034页

作者： LI Wen-xi lu jian-wei CHEN Fang LI Xiao-kun College of Resources and Environment Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan 430070 P.R.China Wuhan Botanical Garden Chinese Academy of Sciences Wuhan 430074 P.R.China

Sudangrass and ryegrass rotation is a new type of cropping system in jianghan Plain,which develops very fast in recent ***,it is essential to work out the optimal nutrients and water management measures in this new *** effect of NPK fertilizer on yield of forage grass,nutrients and water utilization under sudangrass and ryegrass rotation was studied through continuous pot experiments for three *** results showed that NPK combination could significantly improve the yield of forage *** total yields during the periods of 2005-2006,2006-2007 and 2007-2008 were 1 690.0,2 091.3 and 1 770.7 g/pot,*** yields in PK treatment were 700.7,1 256.9 and 856.3% lower than those of NPK treatment,while the yields in NK treatment were 426.3,384.9 and 792.3% lower than those of NPK treatment,***,the yields in NP treatment were 15.9,4.4 and 10.6% lower than those of NPK treatment,*** NPK combination was found to improve the nutrients uptake,and the total N uptakes during the above periods were 10.0,14.8 and 10.6 times higher than that of PK treatment,respectively,and 3.7,1.8 and 5.1 times higher than those of NK treatment,respectively,but,were similar to NP *** total P uptakes were 4.6,6.8 and 5.3 times higher than those of PK treatment,and were 2.4,2.3 and 2.9 times higher than those of NK treatment,respectively,but were similar to NP *** total K uptakes were 5.2,8.4 and 4.9 times higher than that of PK treatment,3.9,2.3 and 3.9 times higher than those of NK treatment,and 80.9,57.4 and 200.5% higher than those of NP treatment,*** productivity for three years time periods were 16.5,16.1 and 16.2 kg m-3,and were 3.8,5.4 and 4.2 times higher than those of PK treatment,2.3,1.3 and 2.6 times higher than those of NK treatment,and were 16.4,8.8 and 22.4% higher than those of NP treatment,*** soil pH was decreased and soil organic matter was increased in all treatments with in

关键词： sudangrass and ryegrass rotation system NPK fertilizer nutrient uptake water productivity soil nutrition

Regional Evaluation of Winter Rapeseed Response to K Fertilization, K Use Efficiency, and Critical Level of Soil K in the Yangtze River Valley

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Agricultural Sciences in China 2011年第6期10卷 911-920页

作者： ZOU Juan lu jian-wei LI Yin-shui LI Xiao-kun College of Resources and Environment Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan 430070 P.R. China

The investigation was carried out to study the response of winter rapeseed to potassium （K） feritlization and the critical soil available K level for current winter rapeseed production in the Yangtze River Valley （YRV） of China. A total of 132 field experiments were conducted in fields of farmers in the major winter rapeseed growing areas in YRV in 2000/2001 and 2004/2005 to 2006/2007 during growing season. Results of these field experiments showed that the average rapeseed yield increment resulting from 100 kg K ha-1 application was 358 kg ha-1, an increase over the control CK （no K） of 18.0% in 2005/2006 and 2006/2007. The average internal use efficiency （IE） of K was higher in the CK treatment （21.9 kg grain, kg-1 K uptake） than in the ＋K （100 kg K ha-1） treatment （17.7 kg grain, kg-1 K uptake）. Winter rapeseed required 68.1 kg of K to produce 1 000 kg seed. The recovery efficiency of K fertilizer in rapeseed production averaged 39.3%. The K balance was negative, with an average net removal of 117.6 kg K ha-1 in the CK treatment annually, and 56.8 kg K ha-1 in the ＋K treatment. The results indicated that there was a significant negative relationship between yield increments by K application and soil available K content. Based on the relative yield of CK/＋K at 90% level, the critical level of soil available K （NH4OAc-extractable K） was 135 mg kg-1.

关键词： rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) K fertilizer K use efficiency yield critical level of soil available K

Synthesis and anti-inflammatory-analgesic activity of 2',4'-difluoro-3-(carbamoyl)biphenyl-4-yl benzoates

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2008年第12期19卷 1419-1422页

作者： Guang Xiang Zhong lu lu Chen jian Li wei Xiao Hu Min You Qi College of Pharmaceutical Science Zhejiang University of Technology Hangzhou 310032 PR China

Eighteen 2′,4′-difluoro-3-（carbamoyl）biphenyl-4-yl benzoates were synthesized from diflunisal in three steps with total yields from 72% to 86%. All compounds were identified by IR, 1^H NMR, MS and elemental analysis. The anti-inflammatory activity and analgesic activity for 18 compounds were evaluated. The preliminary assay results showed that compounds 4a and 4p exhibited potent anti-inflammatory-analgesic activity.

关键词： 2′,4′-Difluoro-3-(carbamoyl)biphenyl-4-yl benzoate Anti-inflammatory activity Analgesic activity Diflunisal

Evaluation of nitrogen requirement and efficiency of rice in the region of Yangtze River Valley based on large-scale field experiments

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2015年第10期14卷 2090-2098页

作者： CONG Ri-huan ZHANG Zhi lu jian-wei LI Xiao-kun REN Tao WANG wei-ni Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River) Ministry of Agriculture/College of Resources and Environmental Sciences Huazhong Agricultural University

Overestimation of nitrogen（N） uptake requirement is one of the driving forces of the overuse of N fertilization and the low efficiency of N use in China. In this study, we collected data from 1 844 site-years of rice（Oryza sativa L.） under various rotation cropping systems across the Yangtze River Valley. Selected treatments included without（N0 treatment） and with N application（N treatment） which were recommended by local technicians, with a wide grain range of 1.5–11.9 t ha–1. Across the 1 844 site-years, over 96% of the sites showed yield increase（relative yield〉105%） with N fertilization, and the increase rates decreased from 78.9 to 16.2% within the lowest range 〈4.0 to the highest 〉6.5 t ha–1. To produce one ton of grain, the rice absorbed approximately 17.8 kg N in the N0 treatment and 20.4 kg N in the N treatment. The value of partial factor productivity by N（PFP N） reached a range of 35.2–51.4 kg grain kg–1 with N application under the current recommended N rate. Averaged recovery rate of N（RE N） was above 36.0% in yields below 6.0 t ha–1 and lower than 31.7% in those above 6.0 t ha–1. Soil properties only affected yield increments within low rice yield levels（〈5.5 t ha–1）. There is a poor relationship between N application rates and indigenous nitrogen supply（INS）. From these observations and considering the local INS, we concluded there was a great potential for improvement in regional grain yield and N efficiency.

关键词： nitrogen fertilization yield increment N uptake requirement N efficiency rice

Plant Growth,Yield Components,Economic Responses,and Soil Indigenous K Uptake of Two Cotton Genotypes with Different K-Efficiencies

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Agricultural Sciences in China 2011年第5期10卷 705-713页

作者： jianG Cun-cang XIA Ying CHEN Fang lu jian-wei WANG Yun-hua College of Resources and Environment Huazhong Agricultural University Wuhan 430070 P.R.China Wuhan Botanical Garden Chinese Academy of Sciences Wuhan 430074 P.R.China

HG103,a high K-efficiency cotton cultivar with high-yield potential,and LG122,a low K-efficiency cotton cultivar with low-yield potential were used to study the genotypic variation on yield,economic responses,and soil indigenous K exploitation for cotton in pot and field conditions in 2006 and *** indicated that both the cultivars differed significantly in the rate of translocation of dry matter into reproductive organs and the time of running into reproductive *** yield and economic parameters of HG103 were much better than *** content in cotton shells reached the highest level at maturity stage for both *** also showed that the K content in each plant part of HG103 was lower than that of *** two genotypes showed different efficiencies and abilities on absorbing soil rapidly available K and slowly available ***122 showed higher absorption of K rate than HG103 after K fertilization,but on the contrary,HG103 uptake more soil indigenous K than LG122 in no K fertilization *** result indicated that HG103 could tolerant and absorb more soil indigenous K than LG122,under condition of soil K ***122 could grow well and absorb more K nutrient when soil K supply is *** results demonstrated that higher K content in plant tissues and higher K uptake by plant may not an exclusive condition for high yield planting with K *** translocation of more dry matters into reproductive organs is one of the key mechanisms of high K use efficiency in cotton.

关键词： cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) dry matter partitioning K depletion indigenous K uptake economic parameter

磷肥用量对油稻轮作系统作物产量与磷素吸收量及其稳定性的影响

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作物学报 2025年第2期51卷 447-458页

作者：王崇铭陆志峰闫金垚宋毅王昆昆方娅婷李小坤任涛丛日环鲁剑巍华中农业大学资源与环境学院/农业农村部长江中下游耕地保育重点实验室/华中农业大学微量元素研究中心湖北武汉430070

油菜-水稻轮作是我国长江流域主要水旱轮作模式,其高产稳产对保障粮油安全至关重要。施用磷肥是油稻种植的常用技术,为探究磷肥对油菜-水稻轮作系统生产力及其稳定性的作用,利用2016—2023年在长江中游地区开展连续7年的田间定位试验(... 详细信息

油菜-水稻轮作是我国长江流域主要水旱轮作模式,其高产稳产对保障粮油安全至关重要。施用磷肥是油稻种植的常用技术,为探究磷肥对油菜-水稻轮作系统生产力及其稳定性的作用,利用2016—2023年在长江中游地区开展连续7年的田间定位试验(试验设置0、45、90、135和180 kg P_(2)O_(5) hm^(-2)共5个磷肥用量处理),对油菜和水稻的产量与磷素吸收量及其稳定性、系统能值及其生产力风险进行分析。结果表明,施磷均显著提高油菜和水稻产量,对油菜的增产效果显著高于水稻,油菜增产2.3~12.5倍,在磷肥用量90 kg hm^(-2)时达到最高水平,主要通过增加单株角果数水平提高产量,其次是千粒重和每角粒数;水稻增产4.4%~17.1%,在磷肥用量45 kg hm^(-2)时达到最高水平,一定程度上通过单株有效穗数和每穗实粒数提高产量。油菜和水稻地上部磷素积累量随着磷肥用量的增加而增加,油菜地上部积累量增加5.0~11.8倍,水稻增加22.9%~46.2%,轮作周年增加50.2%~118.8%,随着磷肥用量的增加,油菜磷肥回收利用率(PRE)在磷肥用量45~90 kg hm^(-2),水稻在45 kg hm^(-2)时达到最高水平,继续增加磷肥用量PRE下降。施磷显著提高油菜产量稳定性,在磷肥用量45 kg hm^(-2)时达到最高水平,产量稳定性与磷素积累量、单株角果数、每角粒数的稳定性呈显著正相关关系;水稻整体产量与磷素积累量稳定性水平高于油菜,磷肥投入对其无显著影响。施磷可显著提高系统周年能值产量和稳定性,磷肥用量分别在油菜季90 kg hm^(-2)和水稻季45~90 kg hm^(-2)时达到最高水平,使系统在稳产的基础上达成高产的目标。综上所述,当油菜季磷肥用量为90 kg hm^(-2)、水稻季磷肥用量为45 kg hm^(-2)时可在保证系统能值产量达到最高水平的同时兼顾系统稳定性和提高磷肥利用效率,是油稻轮作系统磷肥最佳推荐用量。

关键词：油稻轮作产量磷素积累量产量稳定性系统生产力风险

Optimizing agronomic practices for closing rapeseed yield gaps under intensive cropping systems in China

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2020年第5期19卷 1241-1249页

作者： ZHANG Zhi CONG Ri-huan REN Tao LI Hui ZHU Yun lu jian-wei College of Resources and Environment Huazhong Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation(Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River)Ministry of Agriculture and Rural AffairsWuhan 430070P.R.China Key Laboratory of Fertilization from Agricultural Wastes Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Institute of Plant Protection and Soil FertilizerHubei Academy of Agricultural SciencesWuhan 430064P.R.China

A yield gap analysis for rapeseed(Brassica napus L.) is critical to meeting the oil demand by identifying yield potential and yield constraints. In this study, potential yield(Y_p), attainable yield(Y_(att)), and actual yield(Y_(act)) for winter rapeseed were determined in five different zones of China. A boundary line approach was adopted to calculate Y_p, based on a large-scale field experimental database. A meta-analysis was conducted on the data obtained from 118 published studies to evaluate the effects of agronomic factors on rapeseed yield. The main results indicated that farmers only achieved 37–56% of the yield potential across the zones. The low altitude areas(L-URY) and lower reaches(LRY) of the Yangtze River Basin(YRB), China had high yield levels. The total yield gap was 1 893 kg ha^(–1), due to the agronomic management factors, environmental factors, and socioeconomic factors. The meta-analysis showed that weed control and drainage were the best management practices to improve yields(45.6 and 35.3%, respectively), and other practices improved yields by 17.1–21.6%. Consequently, to narrow the yield gap over the short term, the study could focus on techniques that are easily implemented to farmers.

关键词： rapeseed yield gap potential yield boundary line meta-analysis Yangtze River Basin