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Effect of frugivorous birds on the establishment of a naturally regenerating population of Chinese yew in ex situ conservation

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Integrative Zoology 2008年第3期3卷 186-193页

作者： changhu lu Qiongqiong ZHU Qingshan DENG College of Forestry Resource and Environment Nanjing Forestry UniversityNanjing 210037China

The Chinese yew Taxus chinensis is catalogued as an endangered species in China because of the small size andsenescent status of most populations. Its lack of natural regeneration is the most important reason for its endangeredstatus. We investigated the regeneration of an ex-situ conservation population, which was introduced intothe Nanjing Botanical Garden Memorial Sun Yat-Sen in the 1950s, and evaluated the role of frugivorous birds on theestablishment of this regenerating population. Two hundred and thirteen individual yew seedlings and saplingswere found on the hillside in 2006, and the nearest seedling was found more than 10 m away from mother trees. Thespatial pattern of all seedlings and saplings occurred as a clumped distribution, which is typical for vertebratedispersedplants. Six bird species were seen ingesting whole “fruits” at yew trees in the present study and 745 visitsby avian frugivores were recorded. Red-billed blue magpie (Urocissa erythrorhyncha), Chinese bulbul (Pycnonotussinensis) and azure-winged magpie (Cyanopica cyana) were the most frequent visitors over the two years of thestudy. Comparing the flights of departure and perching habitats of the three main bird species, we inferred that *** would be the most important disperser. This regeneration population has had good developmentover the past 20 or more years;frugivorous birds have removed seeds to the hillside every year until now, and seedgermination and seedling growth continue to develop well under natural conditions. We suggest that the conservationsystem of the Chinese yew should be composed of yews, avian dispersers and habitats for seed germinationand seedling growth.

关键词： Chinese yew ex-situ conservation frugivorous birds natural regeneration Taxus chinensis

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Bulbuls and crows provide complementary seed dispersal for China's endangered trees

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Avian Research 2017年第4期8卷 226-231页

作者： Bing Bai Ning Li Xinhai Li changhu lu Yunnan Forestry Technological College Kunming 650224China College of Food Science Nanjing Xiaozhuang UniversityNanjing 211171JiangsuChina Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100101China Laboratory of Plant‑Animal Interactions College of Forest Resources and EnvironmentNanjing Forestry UniversityNanjing 210037China

Background: Different functional frugivores generally exhibit unequal contributions,both in terms of quantity(seed removal) and quality(seedling recruitment),to effective seed dispersal of plant ***,variations in this dispersal pattern generated by frugivores across different regions are still ***: In our study,we evaluated the contributions of two functional frugivore bird groups,the bulbuls(Pycnon?otidae) and crows(Corvidae),in both the seed removal and seedling recruitment of the endangered Chinese yew tree(Taxus chinensis) across three different geographical regions in eastern ***: The dominant crow species,Urocissa erythrorhyncha,was the most common disperser crow species at all sites,while the dominant bulbul species varied across the three ***,the two functional groups of dispersers diverged in the aspects of seed removal(quantity) and seedling recruitment pattern(quality).While bulbuls outperformed crows in seed removal(quantity),crows took more seeds to a safer site for seedlings(quality).Conclusions: Our results highlight the importance of variations in the effective seed dispersal patterns of different functional disperser groups across different regions in the conservation and management of endangered tree species.

关键词： Complementary seed dispersal Effective seed dispersal Seed removal Seedling recruitment Taxus chinensis

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Seed handling by primary frugivores differentially influence post-dispersal seed removal of Chinese yew by ground-dwelling animals

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Integrative Zoology 2016年第3期11卷 191-198页

作者： Yang PAN Bing BAI Tianshi XIONG Peijian SHI changhu lu Laboratory of Plant-Animal Interactions Nanjing Forestry UniversityNanjingChina Yunnan Forestry Technological College KunmingChina Bamboo Research Institute Nanjing Forestry UniversityNanjingChina

Seed handling by primary frugivores can influence secondary dispersal and/or predation of post-dispersal seeds by attracting different guilds of ground-dwelling *** studies have focused on seeds embedded in feces of mammals or birds;however,less is known about how ground-dwelling animals treat seeds regurgitated by birds(without pulp and not embedded in feces).To compare the effect of differential seed handling by primary dispersers on secondary seed removal of Chinese yew(Taxus chinensis ***),we conducted a series of exclosure experiments to determine the relative impact of animals on the removal of defecated seeds(handled by masked palm civet),regurgitated seeds(handled by birds)and intact *** types of yew seeds were consistently removed at a higher rate by rodents than by *** seeds had the highest removal percentage and were only removed by *** seeds were probably eaten in situ without being secondarily dis*** seeds were removed by both rodents and ants;only ants might act as secondary dispersers of defecated seeds,whereas rodents ate most of *** inferred that seeds regurgitated by birds were subjected to the highest rates of predation,whereas those dispersed in the feces of masked palm civets probably had a higher likelihood of secondary *** from feces attracted ants,which were likely to transport seeds and potentially provided a means by which the seeds could escape predation by *** study highlighted that primary dispersal by birds might not always facilitate secondary dispersal and establishment of plant populations.

关键词： arils defecated seeds regurgitated seeds secondary seed dispersal Taxus chinensis

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Song variation of a native songbird in a modified habitat by invasive plant

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Integrative Zoology 2022年第1期17卷 93-104页

作者： Pan CHEN Taiyu CHEN Bin LIU Manyu ZHANG changhu lu College of Biology and the Environment Nanjing Forestry UniversityNanjingChina School of Ecology and Environment Anhui Normal UniversityChina

Habitat structure has been considered as an important factor affecting the acoustic evolution of birds,and bird songs are increasingly affected by artificial environmental *** plants sometimes can dramatically alter native habitats,but the song variation of native songbirds migrating into invaded habitats has received little *** invasion of smooth cordgrass Spartina alterniflora in the coastal wetlands of eastern China has drastically altered the vegetation structure and some small passerines have begun to use invaded habitats to *** this study,we compared the song type prevalence and the song characteristics of male plain prinia Prinia inornata to identify differences in vocal behavior between native and invaded *** also tested for differences in vocal behavior in relation to singing perch and wind speed variation between different *** results indicated that males of plain prinia in invaded habitats sang shorter songs than those in native habitats and had a lower song *** homogeneous vegetation structure and higher wind speed in invaded habitats likely leads to males changing the traditional perched singing *** song variation may be related to the founder effect,the alteration of vegetation structure and microclimate in invaded *** finding highlights the need for better understanding the behavioral evolution of native species in the process of adapting to the invaded *** the future,experimental manipulation is needed to ascertain how the invasive plant drove these vocal behavior changes of native songbirds.

关键词： behavioral evolution biological invasion plain prinia smooth cordgrass song diversity

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Importance of bird traits for seed dispersal patterns of co-fruiting trees in a patchy forest

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Integrative Zoology 2019年第5期14卷 470-478页

作者： Ning LI Zheng WANG Shuai ZHANG Chuan YAN Xinhai LI changhu lu Institute of Applied Ecology Nanjing Xiaozhuang UniversityNanjingJiangsuChina College of Biology and Environmental Science Nanjing Forestry UniversityNanjingChina Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina

Habitat fragmentation is globally one of the most important drivers of change in *** dispersal by birds is crucial for tree regeneration in remnant patchy forests,yet how bird traits affect seed dispersal pattern is still poorly *** studied the extent to which bird traits affect seed-removal networks and whether these traits affect seed deposition and seedling recruitment for 3 co-fruiting tree species(Taxus chinensis,Cinnamomum bodinieri and Machilus thunbergii)in a patchy forest.A total of 17,18 and 10 bird species were recorded foraging for seeds of ***,*** and ***,*** of bird visitation increased with tail length,wing length and body ***,bird body length,bill length,body weight and wing length were important in the strength of the seed removal *** foraging,6 bird species exhibited different patterns of microhabitat utilization and their perching frequency increased with bird weight and tarsus *** a consequence,frequency of habitat use,bird length and tarsus length were important in determining the number of deposited *** seedling recruitment,seedling number increased with bird tarsus length and weight,but decreased with wing ***,our results showed that various bird traits not only affected seed removal,but also influenced the subsequent processes of seed deposition and seedling distribution in a patchy *** results thus highlight the importance of large-bodied birds for plant recruitment and point out the need to prioritize the protection and conservation of these birds in remnant patchy forests.

关键词： bird traits patchy forest seed deposition seed dispersal seed removal

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A New Species of the Genus Thermophis(Serpentes: Colubridae) from Shangri-La, Northern Yunnan, China, with a Proposal for an Eclectic Rule for Species Delimitation

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Asian Herpetological Research 2014年第4期5卷 228-239页

作者： Lifang PENG changhu lu Song HUANG Peng GUO Yaping ZHANG College of Biology and Environment Graduate School Nanjing Forestry University College of Life and Environment Sciences Huangshan University State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution Kunming Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Department of Life Sciences and Food Engineering Yibin University

The hot-spring snakes,Thermophis, were previously known only from the Tibet Autonomous Region and Western Sichuan, China. During the past two years, three adult hot-spring snakes （2 females, 1 male） were sampled in Shangri-La, northern Yunnan, China, thus expanding their known distribution region towards the southeast. This site is the southeastern-most corner of the Tibetan Plateau and the southernmost tip of the Hengduan Mountains （Mts.）. Phylogenetic analysis of mitochondrial （mt） and nuclear （n） DNA segments suggested that the three specimens belong to the genus ofThermophis. Morphologically, the new species is more similar toT. zhaoermii. However, it is distinguished *** the number of maxillary teeth （15）, distance between the two eyes/head width, rostral width/height, mental width/height, in one character limited to female： head width/length, and in four characters restricted to male： occurrence of the reduction from 10 to 8 （8 to 6, 6 to 4） scales in each dorsal row on the tail. There are differences in morphology, genetics （mtDNA, nDNA）, and geography between the putative new species ***,the new species meets our proposed eclectic and feasible ＂four-differences＂ rule.

关键词： morphology phylogenetics "four-differences" rule Thermophis Shangrila sp. nov.

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Vinous-throated parrotbills breed in invasive smooth cordgrass habitat:Can native birds avoid the potential ecological trap?

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Avian Research 2023年第3期14卷 369-376页

作者： Pan Chen Yanhong Chen Huimin Chen Taiyu Chen Bin Liu Manyu Zhang Silu Wang changhu lu Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of the Conservation and Exploitation of Biological Resources College of Life SciencesAnhui Normal UniversityWuhu241000China College of Biology and Environment Nanjing Forestry UniversityNanjing210037China

Native animals are facing long-term coexistence with invasive plants worldwide,the impacts of which on animal behavior remain poorly *** ecological traps could threaten native birds breeding in invasive plant habitats,but behavioral strategies for birds to avoid such risks are few *** invasion of Smooth Cordgrass(Spartina alterniflra) has seriously varied the vegetation landscape in the coastal wetlands of eastern China,and affected the habitat selection of native ***,we investigated the nesting and breeding characteristics of a common native passerine,the Vinous-throated Parrotbill(Sinosuthora webbiana),in habitats dominated by native Common Reed(Phragmites australis) and exotic *** found that parrotbills could complete their breeding cycle in cordgrass *** nest failure was attributed to predation in native habitat but tide inundation in cordgrass ***,the nest success rate and daily survival rate(DSR) in cordgrass habitat were ***,nest height was markedly higher in cordgrass habitat and was the most important influencing variable(positively correlated with the DSR).These results suggest that cordgrass habitat is a potential ecological trap due to the tide inundation,but some parrotbills seem to effectively avoid this risk by increasing nest *** study reveals that a native passerine changes its nesting behavior to accommodate invasive plant habitat and highlights that habitat changes caused by invasive plants may drive the adaptive evolution of native animal *** limitation of these results must be acknowledged for the small sample size,and there is a need for a larger sample and long-term data for further verification.

关键词： Adaptive evolution Behavioral plasticity Nesting behavior Sinosuthora webbiana Spartina alterniflora

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Fecal DNA metabarcoding reveals the dietary composition of wintering Red-crowned Cranes(Grus japonensis)

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Avian Research 2023年第4期14卷 647-655页

作者： Hongyi Liu Wei Xu Nan Xu Wenwen Zhang Haoming Jiang Yongqiang Zhao changhu lu Ying Zhu Peng Xu The Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China College of Life SciencesNanjing Forestry UniversityNanjing210037China Administration Station of Castanopsis Kawakamii Nature Reserve in Xinkou of Sanming Sanming365000China Research Center for Biodiversity Conservation and Biosafety State Environmental Protection Scientific Observation and Research Station for Ecological Environment of Wuyi MountainsBiodiversity Comprehensive Observation Station for Wuyi MountainsState Environmental Protection Key Laboratory on BiosafetyNanjing Institute of Environmental SciencesMinistry of Ecology and Environment of ChinaNanjing210042China Jiangsu Yancheng Wetland National Nature Reserve Yancheng224057China Institute of Qinghai Tibetan Plateau Southwest Minzu UniversityChengdu610041China Wetland College Yancheng Teachers UniversityYancheng224051China

Understanding the diet of threatened wildlife is vital for species-specific conservation and habitat management *** Red-crowned Crane(Grus japonensis)is a vulnerable bird distributed in Northeast *** dietary studies of this bird focused mainly on its plant food composition based on field observations and microhistological ***,a total of 45 fecal samples were collected in November,December and January(15 fecal samples each month)from wintering cranes,and then subjected to a high throughput sequencing meta-barcoding approach to determine the primary plant(rbcL)and animal(COI)food items in their diet.A total of 230 operational taxonomic units(OTUs)of plant foods and 371 OTUs of animal foods were *** main plant foods in the wintering period were Miscanthus,Zea,and Hordeum genera,which were similar to those in the breeding and the migration *** agricultural and natural plants were detected,indicating a relatively broad dietary niche for this crane ***,the main animal foods were representatives of Theridiidae,Megascolecidae,and Agelenidae,in sharp contrast to previous *** higher number of small terrestrial arthropods in animal foods might be due to the indirect intake of *** composition of both plant and animal foods in the diet showed the highest diversity in December,while it was homogeneous in *** plant of Zea genus became the main source of nutrition in late winter,as supplementary feeding was performed in the reserve,which could help Red-crowned Cranes to get through the cold *** results obtained in this work would contribute to the development of effective conservation strategies for the Red-crowned Crane.

关键词： Dietary composition Dietary niche Metabarcoding Molecular diet analysis Red-crowned Crane

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动物对松属植物种子的传播作用研究进展

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生态学杂志 2006年第5期25卷 557-562页

作者：鲁长虎南京林业大学南京210037

松属植物约110种,根据种子传播方式可分为风传播松和动物传播松。风传播松占绝大多数,种子多具有适应风力的翅。动物传播松大约23种,都具有大、可食用、无翅或短翅的种子,无法借助风力传播。动物传播松的分布生境多为贫瘠的山地,而且多... 详细信息

松属植物约110种,根据种子传播方式可分为风传播松和动物传播松。风传播松占绝大多数,种子多具有适应风力的翅。动物传播松大约23种,都具有大、可食用、无翅或短翅的种子,无法借助风力传播。动物传播松的分布生境多为贫瘠的山地,而且多位于高海拔地区。目前已知9种松树的动物传播种类,其余14种可推测为动物传播。动物传播者包括鸦科鸟类和啮齿类动物,动物将获得的种子分散贮藏,未被重取的种子可能萌发,完成传播。动物传播是定向传播,微生境多适合种子萌发。啮齿类的传播距离可达数10 m,而鸦科鸟类的传播距离可达数公里。动物传播的松树会出现树丛和多树干现象,一般由同一贮点内贮藏的多粒种子萌发造成的。动物贮藏的种子大部分被重取,称传播后取食。一些具有大种子的风传播松在种子落地后,啮齿类和鸟类会再次埋藏而形成二次传播,可看做是一个单独的传播类型,即风-动物传播松。动物传播者与依赖传播松树之间可看作是互利共生关系。

关键词：动物松属植物种子传播

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果实(种子)化学防御与食果实动物的适应对策

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生态学杂志 2005年第5期24卷 567-572页

作者：鲁长虎南京林业大学南京210037

种子植物在果实(种子)成熟后需要防御食果实动物捕食种子,同时要传播种子至适宜萌发的生境。很多植物依赖食果实动物传播种子,称动物传播植物。果实(种子)化学防御是抵御种子捕食者的重要手段。果实(种子)中次生物质包括各种生物碱、生... 详细信息

种子植物在果实(种子)成熟后需要防御食果实动物捕食种子,同时要传播种子至适宜萌发的生境。很多植物依赖食果实动物传播种子,称动物传播植物。果实(种子)化学防御是抵御种子捕食者的重要手段。果实(种子)中次生物质包括各种生物碱、生氰糖苷、萜类和酚类等,种类繁多;次生物质的含量随果实成熟过程而变化。次生物质可以抵御动物的捕食,其毒性对种子传播者和种子捕食者没有选择性,即具泛毒性。果肉中的次生物质也可以起到轻泻剂的作用,缩短种子在动物消化道的滞留时间,以影响传播效率。果实(种子)次生物质的产生不受植物环境条件的影响,其产生与果实质量有关。在温带地区,通常SS型果实次生物质含量低,而FL型果实含量高。食果实动物可通过调整捕食行为、摄取环境中特殊物质和获得丰富营养等3个方面适应次生物质。果实(种子)中次生物质的研究对动植物相互作用、协同进化理论具有重要的意义。

关键词：果实(种子) 食果实动物化学防御适应对策

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