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Biogenic Amines as Biomarkers for Neurotoxicity

Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 1991年第1期4卷 207-216页

作者： SYED F.ALI louis w.chang wILLIAM SLIKKER JR Division of Reproductive and Developmental Toxicology National Center for Toxicological Research JeffersonDepartment of Pharmacology and Toxicology Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyDivision of Reproductive and Developmental Toxicology National Center for Toxicological Research JeffersonDivision of Reproductive and Developmental Toxicology National Center for Toxicological Research Jefferson Arkansas 72079-9502 Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyDepartment of Pharmacology University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Little Rock Arkansas 72205Arkansas 72079-9502 Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Department of Pediatrics Universtiy of Arkansas for Medical Sciences and Arkansas Children's Hospital Little Rock Arkansas 72205 Arkansas 72079-9502 Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Department of Pediatrics Universtiy of Arkansas for Medical Sciences and Arkansas Children's Hospital Little Rock Arkansas 72205

There has been a surge of interest over the past several years in the use of neurochemical endpoints to contribute to our understanding of the mechanism of action of neurotoxicants. In our present presentation, two biogenic amine systems were selected as examples of biomarkers for neurotoxicity. To investigate these neurochemical endpoints, two prototype neurotoxicants were evaluated in experimental animals. One agent, reserpine, was used to assess developmental neurotoxicity and administered prenatally, while the other, MDMA, was used in the adult animal. The neurochemical biomarkers measured were dopamine, serotonin, and their metabolite (DOPAC and 5-HIAA) concentrations by HPLC/EC and dopamine receptor binding by radioligand receptor techniques. A review of the background, experimental design, and results are presented in this article. Our findings indicate that components of the biogenic amine systems can be used as sensitive neurochemical biomarkers of neurotoxicity. These neurochemical biomarkers can be correlated with neuropathological and behavioral biomarkers to aid in the understanding of mechanisms of neurotoxicity.

关键词： MDMA Biogenic Amines as Biomarkers for Neurotoxicity oral DOPAC

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Introduction

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 1991年第1期4卷 2-7页

作者： RONALD w.HART louis w.chang ANGELO TURTURRO FRED F.KADLUBAR DHHS/PHS/FDA National Center for Toxicological Research DHHS/PHS/FDA National Center for Toxicological ResearchDHHS/PHS/FDA National Center for Toxicological ResearchDHHS/PHS/FDA National Center for Toxicological Research Jefferson Arkansas 72079Jefferson Arkansas 72079Jefferson Arkansas 72079Jefferson Arkansas 72079

Over the past 30 years, there has been a general change of emphasis in toxicology from the traditional concerns with poisons and antidotes to understanding the chronic toxic effects associated with exposure to environmental agents. The major cause of this shift was a focusing of public interest on long-term health effects of man-made chemicals. This public awareness was motivated in part by the successes of public health sanitarians in controlling infectious diseases (with the recent exception of AIDS), which resulted in the lengthening of life expectancy in the population (Hart and Turturro, 1990). This change in emphasis has radically altered the scientific methods Used in toxicology. There are basic differences in evaluating short-term and long-term consequences of toxic exposure. Interestingly, techniques similar to those used to understand the effects of long-term toxicity are also useful in understanding aging (Hart and Turturro, 1988). Factors that contribute to these differences include the comp

关键词： awareness emphasis exposure motivated chemicals consequences evaluating Introduction altered toxicity

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Effects of Adrenalectomy and Corticosterone on Hippocampal Lesions Induced by Trimethyltin

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 1989年第1期2卷 54-64页

作者： louis w.chang AUBREY J. HOUGH FRANK G. BIVINS DAVID COCKERILL Department of Pathology University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences 4301 West Markham Little Rock Arkansas 72205

The effects of adrenalectomy and corticosterone supplementation on the neurotoxicity of trimethyltin (TMT) were tested. CD-1 mice with or without adrenalectomy were injected with TMT at a dose of 3.0mg/kg body wt. At 48h post-TMT administration, the animals were killed for pathological examination. It was found that the adrenalectomized animals developed even more severe lesions in the hippocampal formation (fascia dentata granule cells) than the intact animals. when animals were given a supplement of corticosterone pellets at doses of 0.15, 1.5, and 7.5mg, there was a reduction of lesion development. Total alleviation of pathology was seen at the two higher doses of supplementation. Our present investigation strongly indicates that there may be a close and important interrelationship between TMT-induced neurotoxicity and adrenal function. 1989 Academic Press, Inc.

关键词： dentata administration granule intact hippocampal fascia killed adrenal doses injected

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Experimental Podophyllotoxin (Bajiaolian) Poisoning:——Ⅰ. Effects on the Nervous System

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 1992年第4期5卷 283-292页

作者： louis w.chang C.M.YANG C.F.CHEN J.F.DENG Departments of Pathology Pharmacology and Toxicology University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Little RockThe Chang-Gung Medical College Kwai-sanNational Research Institute of Chinese MedicineThe Veteran General Hospital AR 72205TaipeiTaipeiTaipei Taiwan China

Bajiaolian, one of the species in the Mayapple family ( Podophyllum pelatum ), has been widely used as a traditional Chinese herbal medicine for the remedies of snake bites, general weakness, poisons, condyloma accuminata, lymphadenopathy, and certain tumors in China. In western medicine, Podophyllum was first used medically as a laxative in the early 19th century. Since 1940, the resin of podophyllum has also been used topically for various skin lesions, such as warts and condyloma. Human poisonings have been reported.An animal model was established to investigate the neurotoxic effects of Bajiaolian. Podophyllotoxin, the major active ingredient in Podophyllum, was injected (ip) to young adult male rats at doses of 0, 5, 10, or 15 mg-kg-1 b.w.. The animals were sacrificed 72 h after injection.Neuronal changes were readily observable in animals treated with 10 or 15 mg-kg-1 of the toxin. Edematous changes of the anterior horn motoneurons were observed in the spinal cord. No neuronal necrosis was found. The type of neuronal swelling is believed to be only a transient change and would probably subside with time if no further assaults occur. More serious and perhaps longer term of changes were found in the dorsal ganglion neurons and the nerve fibers (axons) in the central and peripheral nervous system. Severe depletion of the Nissl substance (RNA/polyribosomes) was observed in the dorsal root ganglion neurons. Alterations in these sensory neurons would give rise to and correlate with the sensory disturbances experienced by the patients. Bodian staining also revealed a dose-related increase in the coarseness (thickness) of the nerve fibers (axons) in the cerebellum, cerebral cortex, brainstem, and spinal cord.This is the first scientific study showing the neurotoxicity of Bajiaolian, a commonly used Chinese herbal medicine. Toxicities on other organ systems by this drug certainly exist. Caution should be exercised in the dispensing and usa

关键词： Bajiaolian Effects on the Nervous System Experimental Podophyllotoxin Poisoning

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Biogenic Amines as Biomarkers for Neurotoxicity

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 1991年第Z1期 207-216页

作者： SYED F.ALI,louis w.chang,wILLIAM SLIKKER,JR Division of Reproductive and Developmental Toxicology National Center for Toxicological Research Jefferson Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Division of Reproductive and Developmental Toxicology National Center for Toxicological Research Jefferson Division of Reproductive and Developmental Toxicology National Center for Toxicological Research Jefferson Arkansas 72079-9502 Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department of Pharmacology University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Little Rock Arkansas 72205 Arkansas 72079-9502 Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Department of Pediatrics Universtiy of Arkansas for Medical Sciences and Arkansas Children's Hospital Little Rock Arkansas 72205 Arkansas 72079-9502 Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology Department of Pediatrics Universtiy of Arkansas for Medical Sciences and Arkansas Children's Hospital Little Rock Arkansas 72205

关键词： MDMA Biogenic Amines as Biomarkers for Neurotoxicity oral DOPAC

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Introduction

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 1991年第Z1期 2-7页

作者： RONALD w.HART,louis w.chang,ANGELO TURTURRO,FRED F.KADLUBAR DHHS/PHS/FDA National Center for Toxicological Research DHHS/PHS/FDA National Center for Toxicological Research DHHS/PHS/FDA National Center for Toxicological Research DHHS/PHS/FDA National Center for Toxicological Research Jefferson Arkansas 72079 Jefferson Arkansas 72079 Jefferson Arkansas 72079 Jefferson Arkansas 72079

关键词： awareness emphasis exposure motivated chemicals consequences evaluating Introduction altered toxicity

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INTERRELATIONSHIP BETwEEN AHR, CYP 1 EXPRESSIONS, AND E2 ON FEMALE LUNG ADENOCARCINOMA DEVELOPMENT

INTERRELATIONSHIP BETWEEN AHR, CYP 1 EXPRESSIONS, AND E2 ON ...

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海峡两岸第三届毒理学研讨会

作者：郑雅兴 louis w.chang Division of Environmental Health and Occupational Medicine National Health and Research Institute

＜正＞Adenocarcinoma （ADC） of the lung represents the number one "cancer killer" in non-smoking females in Taiwan. while the cigarette-related lung squamous cell carcinoma （SQC） is mostly bronchus located, ADC has a primary bronchiolar origin where the epithelial cells are known to be richest in aryl hydrocarbon receptor （AhR）. Indeed, animal studies indicated that females were more susceptible than male to BaP- and dioxins （TCDD）-induced

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Clinical associations of corneal neuromas with ocular surface diseases

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第1期19卷 140-147页

作者： Charmaine Jan Li Toh chang Liu Isabelle Xin Yu Lee Molly Tzu Yu Lin louis Tong Yu-Chi Liu Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine Nanyang Technological UniversitySingapore Singapore Eye Research Institute Singapore Department of Cornea and External Eye Disease Singapore National Eye CentreSingapore Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences Academic Clinical Program Duke-NUS Medical SchoolSingapore

Corneal neuromas,also termed microneuromas,refer to microscopic,irregula rly-shaped enlargements of terminal subbasal nerve endings at sites of nerve damage or *** formation of corneal neuromas results from damage to corneal nerves,such as following corneal pathology or corneal or intraocular surge ***,denervated areas of sensory nerve fibers become invaded by sprouts of intact sensory nerve fibers,and later injured axons regenerate and new sprouts called neuromas *** recent years,analysis of corneal nerve abnormalities including corneal neuromas which can be identified using in vivo confocal microscopy,a non-invasive imaging technique with microscopic resolution,has been used to evaluate corneal neuropathy and ocular surface *** neuromas have been shown to be associated with clinical symptoms of discomfort and dryness of eyes,and are a promising surrogate biomarker for ocular surface diseases,such as neuropathic corneal pain,dry eye disease,diabetic corneal neuropathy,neurotrophic keratopathy,Sjogren's syndrome,bullous keratopathy,post-refra ctive surgery,and *** this review,we have summarized the current literature on the association between these ocular surface diseases and the presentation of corneal microneuromas,as well as elaborated on their pathogenesis,visualization via in vivo confocal microscopy,and utility in monitoring treatment *** current quantitative analysis on neuromas mainly relies on manual annotation and quantification,which is user-dependent and labor-intensive,future direction includes the development of artificial intelligence software to identify and quantify these potential imaging biomarkers in a more automated and sensitive manner,allowing it to be applied in clinical settings more *** imaging and molecular biomarkers may also help elucidate the associations between corneal neuromas and ocular surface diseases.

关键词： cornea corneal diseases corneal nerve corneal neuropathy in vivo confocal microscopy microneuroma neuroma ocular surface diseases

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Cell replacement with stem cell-derived retinal ganglion cells from different protocols

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Neural Regeneration Research 2024年第4期19卷 807-810页

作者： Ziming Luo Kun-Che chang Spencer Center for Vision Research Byers Eye InstituteStanford University School of Medicine Department of Ophthalmology Louis J.Fox Center for Vision RestorationUniversity of Pittsburgh School of Medicine Department of Neurobiology Center of NeuroscienceUniversity of Pittsburgh School of Medicine

Glaucoma,characterized by a degenerative loss of retinal ganglion cells,is the second leading cause of blindness *** is currently no cure for vision loss in glaucoma because retinal ganglion cells do not regenerate and are not replaced after *** stem cell-derived retinal ganglion cell transplant is a potential therapeutic strategy for retinal ganglion cell degenerative *** this review,we first discuss a 2D protocol for retinal ganglion cell differentiation from human stem cell culture,including a rapid protocol that can generate retinal ganglion cells in less than two weeks and focus on their transplantation ***,we discuss using 3D retinal organoids for retinal ganglion cell transplantation,comparing cell suspensions and *** review provides insight into current knowledge on human stem cell-derived retinal ganglion cell differentiation and transplantation,with an impact on the field of regenerative medicine and especially retinal ganglion cell degenerative diseases such as glaucoma and other optic neuropathies.

关键词： cell clumps cell suspension cell transplantation differentiation direct-induced protocol glaucoma optic neuropathy regenerative medicine retinal ganglion cell retinal organoids stem cells

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Lightweight Multi-scale Convolutional Neural Network for Rice Leaf Disease Recognition

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2023年第1期74卷 983-994页

作者： chang Zhang Ruiwen Ni Ye Mu Yu Sun Thobela louis Tyasi College of Information Technology Jilin Agricultural UniversityChangchun130118China Jilin Province Agricultural Internet of Things Technology Collaborative Innovation Center Changchun130118China Jilin Province Intelligent Environmental Engineering Research Center Changchun130118China Jilin Province Information Technology and Intelligent Agriculture Engineering Research Center Changchun130118China Department of Agricultural Economics and Animal Production University of LimpopoPrivate Bag X 1106Sovenga0727PolokwaneSouth Africa

In the field of agricultural information,the identification and prediction of rice leaf disease have always been the focus of research,and deep learning(DL)technology is currently a hot research topic in the field of pattern *** research and development of high-efficiency,highquality and low-cost automatic identification methods for rice diseases that can replace humans is an important means of dealing with the current situation from a technical *** paper mainly focuses on the problem of huge parameters of the Convolutional Neural Network(CNN)model and proposes a recognitionmodel that combines amulti-scale convolution module with a neural network model based on Visual Geometry Group(VGG).The accuracy and loss of the training set and the test set are used to evaluate the performance of the *** test accuracy of this model is 97.1%that has increased 5.87%over ***,the memory requirement is 26.1M,only 1.6%of the *** results show that this model performs better in terms of accuracy,recognition speed and memory size.

关键词： Rice leaf diseases deep learning lightweight convolution neural networks VGG

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