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Photonics Research 2022年第10期10卷 2349-2358页

作者： DANIELE ANCORA LORENZO DOMINICI ANTONIO GIANFRATE PAOLO CAZZATO MILENA DE GIORGI DARIO BALLARINI DANIELE SANVITTO LUCA LEUZZI Department of Physics Universitàdi Roma la SapienzaPiazzale Aldo Moro 5I-00185 RomeItaly Institute of Nanotechnology Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche(CNR-NANOTEC)Via MonteroniI-73100 LecceItaly Institute of Nanotechnology Soft and Living Matter LaboratoryConsiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche(CNR-NANOTEC)Piazzale Aldo Moro 5I-00185 RomeItaly

The estimation of the transmission matrix of a disordered medium is a challenging problem in disordered photonics.Usually,its reconstruction relies on a complex inversion that aims at connecting a fully controlled input to the deterministic interference of the light field scrambled by the device.At the moment,iterative phase retrieval protocols provide the fastest reconstructing frameworks,converging in a few tens of iterations.Exploiting the knowledge of speckle correlations,we construct a new phase retrieval algorithm that reduces the computational cost to a single iteration.Besides being faster,our method is practical because it accepts fewer measurements than state-of-the-art protocols.Thanks to reducing computation time by one order of magnitude,our result can be a step forward toward real-time optical imaging that exploits disordered devices.

关键词： optical matrix algorithm

Quantum hydrodynamics of a single particle

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Light(Science & Applications) 2020年第1期9卷 1199-1205页

作者： Daniel Gustavo Suarez-Forero Vincenzo Ardizzone Saimon Filipe Covre da Silva Marcus Reindl Antonio Fieramosca Laura Polimeno Milena De Giorgi LORENZO DOMINICI Loren N.Pfeiffer Giuseppe Gigli Dario Ballarini Fabrice Laussy Armando Rastelli Daniele Sanvitto CNR NANOTEC Institute of NanotechnologyCampus EcotekneVia Monteroni73100 LecceItaly Dipartimento di Ingegneria dell’Innovazione Universita del SalentoCampus Ecoteknevia Monteroni73100 LecceItaly Institute of Semiconductor and Solid State Physics Johannes Kepler UniversityAltenbergerstr.69Linz 4040Austria Dipartimento di Matematica e Fisica E.De Giorgi Universita del SalentoCampus Ecoteknevia MonteroniLecce 73100Italy PRISM Princeton Institute for the Science and Technology of MaterialsPrinceton UniversityPrincetonNJ 08540USA Faculty of Science and Engineering University of WolverhamptonWulfruna StreetWolverhampton WV11LYUK Russian Quantum Center Novaya 100143025 SkolkovoMoscow RegionRussia

Semiconductor devices are strong competitors in the race for the development of quantum computational systems.In this work,we interface two semiconductor building blocks of different dimensionalities with complementary properties:(1)a quantum dot hosting a single exciton and acting as a nearly ideal single-photon emitter and(2)a quantum well in a 2D microcavity sustaining polaritons,which are known for their strong interactions and unique hydrodynamic properties,including ultrafast real-time monitoring of their propagation and phase mapping.In the present experiment,we can thus observe how the injected single particles propagate and evolve inside the microcavity,giving rise to hydrodynamic features typical of macroscopic systems despite their genuine intrinsic quantum nature.In the presence of a structural defect,we observe the celebrated quantum interference of a single particle that produces fringes reminiscent of wave propagation.While this behavior could be theoretically expected,our imaging of such an interference pattern,together with a measurement of antibunching,constitutes the first demonstration of spatial mapping of the self-interference of a single quantum particle impinging on an obstacle.

关键词： quantum particle hydrodynamic

Superluminal X-waves in a polariton quantum fluid

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Light(Science & Applications) 2017年第1期6卷 311-319页

作者： Antonio Gianfrate LORENZO DOMINICI Oksana Voronych Michał Matuszewski Magdalena Stobińska Dario Ballarini Milena De Giorgi Giuseppe Gigli Daniele Sanvitto CNR NANOTEC Istituto di NanotecnologiaVia Monteroni73100 LecceItaly Institute of Theoretical Physics and Astrophysics University of Gdańskul.Wita Stwosza 5780-952 GdańskPoland Institute of Physics Polish Academy of SciencesAl.Lotników 32/4602-668 WarsawPoland Faculty of Physics University of WarsawPasteura 502-093 WarsawPoland INFN sezione di Lecce73100 LecceItaly

In this work,we experimentally demonstrate for the first time the spontaneous generation of two-dimensional exciton-polariton X-waves.X-waves belong to the family of localized packets that can sustain their shape without spreading,even in the linear regime.This allows the wavepacket to maintain its shape and size for very low densities and very long times compared to soliton waves,which always necessitate a nonlinearity to compensate the diffusion.Here,we exploit the polariton nonlinearity and uniquely structured dispersion,comprising both positive-and negative-mass curvatures,to trigger an asymmetric four-wave mixing in momentum space.This ultimately enables the self-formation of a spatial X-wave front.Using ultrafast imaging experiments,we observe the early reshaping of the initial Gaussian packet into the X-pulse and its propagation,even for vanishingly small densities.This allows us to outline the crucial effects and parameters that drive the phenomena and to tune the degree of superluminal propagation,which we found to be in close agreement with numerical simulations.

关键词： negative mass nonlinearity polaritons superluminal X-waves

Polarization shaping of Poincare´ beams by polariton oscillations

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Light(Science & Applications) 2015年第1期4卷 122-128页

作者： David Colas LORENZO DOMINICI Stefano Donati Anastasiia A Pervishko Timothy CH Liew Ivan A Shelykh Dario Ballarini Milena de Giorgi Alberto Bramati Giuseppe Gigli Elena del Valle Fabrice P Laussy Alexey V Kavokin Daniele Sanvitto Departamento de Fı´sica Teorica de la Materia Condensada and Condensed Matter Physics Center(IFIMAC) Universidad Autonoma de MadridE-28049Spain NANOTEC Istituto di Nanotecnologia-CNRVia Arnesano73100 LecceItaly Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia IIT-LecceVia Barsanti73010 LecceItaly Universita del Salento Via Arnesano73100 LecceItaly Division of Physics and Applied Physics Nanyang Technological University637371 SingaporeSingapore Science Institute University of IcelandDunhagi 3IS-107ReykjavikIceland Laboratory of Light-Matter Coupling in Nanostructures ITMO University197101 St.PetersburgRussia Laboratoire Kastler Brossel UPMC-Paris 6ENS et CNRS75005 ParisFrance Russian Quantum Center Novaya 100143025 SkolkovoMoscow RegionRussia CNR-SPIN Tor Vergataviale del Politechnico 1I-00133 RomeItaly

We propose theoretically and demonstrate experimentally the generation of light pulses whose polarization varies temporally to cover selected areas of the Poincare´sphere with both tunable swirling speed and total duration(1 ps and 10 ps,respectively,in our implementation).The effect relies on the Rabi oscillations of two polariton polarized fields excited by two counter-polarized and delayed pulses.The superposition of the oscillating fields result in the precession of the Stokes vector of the emitted light while polariton lifetime imbalance results in its drift from a circle of controllable radius on the Poincare´sphere to a single point at long times.The positioning of the initial circle and final point allows to engineer the type of polarization spanning,including a full sweeping of the Poincare´sphere.The universality and simplicity of the scheme should allow for the deployment of time-varying full-Poincare´polarization fields in a variety of platforms,timescales,and regimes.

关键词： full Poincare beams polaritons polarization pulse shaping Rabi oscillations

The local mammalian target of rapamycin(mTOR) modulation:a promising strategy to counteract neurodegeneration

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Neural Regeneration Research 2019年第10期14卷 1711-1712页

作者： Diego Dolcetta Roberto dominici Neuroscience Center RomeItaly (Dolcetta D) Clinical Chemistry LaboratoryMagenta HospitalASST Ovest MilaneseMilanItaly

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and the evolution of the “Amyloid Hypothesis”: The primary risk factor for dementia is aging, as the overwhelming majority of individuals who have the disease (~95%) are 65 years old or older, and the rate of development of AD doubles roughly every five years from that age, peaking at a nearly 50% population prevalence by the age of 85. The disease is progressive and irreversible, with an average time course of 8 to 10 years. Regardless of catastrophic forecasts for the next decades, its actual prevalence has huge family and social costs.

关键词： Alzheimer’s disease primary risk factor family and social costs

Growth associated protein 43 and neurofilament immunolabeling in the transected lumbar spinal cord of lizard indicates limited axonal regeneration

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Neural Regeneration Research 2022年第5期17卷 1034-1041页

作者： lorenzo Alibardi Comparative Histolab Padova and Department of Biology University of BolognaBolognaItaly

Previous cytological studies on the transected lumbar spinal cord of lizards have shown the presence of differentiating glial cells,few neurons and axons in the bridge region between the proximal and distal stumps of the spinal cord in some cases.A limited number of axons(20-50)can cross the bridge and re-connect the caudal stump of the spinal cord with small neurons located in the rostral stump of the spinal cord.This axonal regeneration appears to be related to the recovery of hind-limb movements after initial paralysis.The present study extends previous studies and shows that after transection of the lumbar spinal cord in lizards,a glial-connective tissue bridge that reconnects the rostral and caudal stumps of the interrupted spinal cord is formed at 11-34 days post-injury.Following an initial paralysis some recovery of hindlimb movements occurs within 1-3 months post-injury.Immunohistochemical and ultrastructural analysis for a growth associated protein 43(GAP-43)of 48-50 k Da shows that sparse GAP-43 positive axons are present in the proximal stump of the spinal cord but their number decreased in the bridge at 11-34 days post-transection.Few immunolabeled axons with a neurofilament protein of 200-220 k Da were seen in the bridge at 11-22 days post-transection but their number increased at 34 days and 3 months post-amputation in lizards that have recovered some hindlimb movements.Numerous neurons in the rostral and caudal stumps of the spinal cord were also labeled for GAP43,a cytoplasmic protein that is trans-located into their axonal growth cones.This indicates that GAP-43 biosynthesis is related to axonal regeneration and sprouting from neurons that were damaged by the transection.Taken together,previous studies that utilized tract-tracing technique to label the present observations confirm that a limited axonal re-connection of the transected spinal cord occurs 1-3 months post-injury in lizards.The few regenerating-sprouting axons within the bridge reconnect the caudal with the rostral stumps of the spina

关键词： GAP-43 immunocytochemistry lizard neurofilaments regeneration spinal cord

Brain network modulation in Alzheimer’s disease:clinical phenotypes and windows of opportunity

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Neural Regeneration Research 2023年第1期18卷 115-116页

作者： lorenzo Pini Padova Neuroscience Center University of PadovaPadovaItaly

Dementia,for which there is no cure or effective treatment,is the leading cause of disability and death worldwide.Due to the high global prevalence and economic impact on families,caregivers,and communities,this condition represents one of the most significant public health challenges of our time.Dementia is an umbrella term describing a range of progressive neurodegenerative diseases,including Alzheimer’s disease(AD),which is the most common cause of cognitive and functional impairment among older adults.The presence of misfolded protein aggregates characterizes neurodegenerative disorders(e.g.,amyloid-beta(Aβ)and tau in AD).

关键词： Alzheimer Aβ death tau

Immunodetection of ephrin receptors in the regenerating tail of the lizard Podarcis muralis suggests stimulation of differentiation and muscle segmentation

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Zoological Research 2019年第5期40卷 416-426页

作者： lorenzo Alibardi Comparative Histolab Padova and Department of Biology University of Bologna

Ephrin receptors are the most common tyrosine kinase effectors operating during development. Ephrin receptor genes are reported to be up-regulated in the regenerating tail of the Podarcis muralis lizard. Thus, in the current study, we investigated immunolocalization of ephrin receptors in the Podarcis muralis tail during regeneration. Weak immunolabelled bands for ephrin receptors were detected at 15–17 kDa, with a stronger band also detected at 60–65 kDa. Labelled cells and nuclei were seen in the basal layer of the apical wound epidermis and ependyma, two key tissues stimulating tail regeneration. Strong nuclear and cytoplasmic labelling were present in the segmental muscles of the regenerating tail, sparse blood vessels, and perichondrium of regenerating cartilage. The immunolocalization of ephrin receptors in muscle that gives rise to large portions of new tail tissue was correlated with their segmentation. This study suggests that the high localization of ephrin receptors in differentiating epidermis, ependyma, muscle, and cartilaginous cells is connected to the regulation of cell proliferation through the activation of programs for cell differentiation in the proximal regions of the regenerating tail. The lower immunolabelling of ephrin receptors in the apical blastema, where signaling proteins stimulating cell proliferation are instead present, helps maintain the continuous growth of this region.

关键词： Lizard Regenerating blastema Ephrin receptors Immunolabelling Western blotting

Tail regeneration reduction in lizards after repetitive amputation or cauterization reflects an increase of immune cells in blastemas

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Zoological Research 2018年第6期39卷 413-423页

作者： lorenzo Alibardi Comparative Histolab Padua Department of BiologyUniversity of Bologna

Lizards are key amniote models for studying organ regeneration. During tail regeneration in lizards, blastemas contain sparse granulocytes, macrophages, and lymphocytes among the prevalent mesenchymal cells. Using transmission electron microscopy to examine scarring blastemas after third and fourth sequential tail amputations, the number of granulocytes, macrophages, and lymphocytes increased at 3-4 weeks in comparison to the first regeneration. An increase in granulocytes and agranulocytes also occurred within a week after blastema cauterization during the process of scarring Blood at the third and fourth regeneration also showed a significant increase in white blood cells compared with that under normal conditions and at the first regeneration. The extracellular matrix of the scarring blastema, especially after cauterization, was denser than that in the normal blastema and numerous white blood cells and fibroblasts were surrounded by electron-pale, fine fibrinoid material mixed with variable collagen fibrils. In addition to previous studies, the present observations support the hypothesis that an increase in inflammation and immune reactions determine scarring rather than regeneration. These new findings verify that an immune reaction against mesenchymal and epidermal cells of the regenerative blastema is one of the main causes for the failure of organ regeneration in amniotes.

关键词： Lizard Tail Repetitive regeneration Blood Immune cells Ultrastructure

Transient global amnesia and stroke: not that benign?

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Stroke & Vascular Neurology 2022年第2期7卷 92-93页

作者： Michele Romoli lorenzo Muccioli Neurology and Stroke Unit Department of NeuroscienceMaurizio Bufalini HospitalCesenaItaly Neurology Clinic University of Perugia-S.Maria della Misericordia HospitalPerugiaItaly Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Neuromotorie Universitàdi BolognaBolognaItaly

After more than 50 years since Fisher and Adams’original description in 1964,1 transient global amnesia(TGA)is still a puzzling syndrome.Over time,several mechanisms have been proposed for TGA pathogenesis,including venous congestion,cortical spreading depression,seizures and arterial ischaemia.2–4 A sufficient amount of studies in favour and against each of these mechanisms has emerged,fostering uncertainty regarding aetiology as well as prognosis.To this extent,most of the controversy stands on whether TGA represents a risk factor for stroke,or whether this is just as benign as originally thought.

关键词： arterial pathogenesis transient