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Polysaccharide composition during cotton seed fibre development:temporal differences between species and in different seasons

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j.urnal of Cotton Research 2022年第4期5卷 12-24页

作者： PETTOLINO Filomena A. YULIA Dina BACIC Antony llewellyn danny j. Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation(CSIRO) Agri-culture and FoodCanberraACT 2601Australia Department of Animal Plant&Soil SciencesLa Trobe Institute for Agriculture and FoodLa Trobe UniversityAgriBio BuildingBundooraVIC 3083Australia

Background:Cotton seed fibres are long single-celled epidermal trichomes that first appear on the surface of the ovule at anthesis and then elongate rapidly over a period of 15-25 days until a secondary cell wall(SCW)begins to develop through a rapid increase in the deposition of microfibrillar cellulose between the plasma membrane and the primary cell wall that eventually terminates *** measurements of the different polysaccharide components in both wall types over time and how they influence fibre quality can direct studies involved in enhanc-ing fibre properties for yarn quality through cell wall manipulation or molecular ***:A detailed chemical analysis of cell wall composition by differential solvent fractionation was used to identify the range of polysaccharides present in mature cotton fibres and used to validate a simpler total cell wall monosaccharide linkage analysis protocol for wall compositional *** of fibres from 5 days post-anthesis through maturity for three cultivated species,Gossypium hirsutum,***,and ***,showed the dynamic nature of cell wall polysaccharide composition through fibre development and that it progressed differently for each *** grown in the glasshouse during either autumn to winter or spring to summer and within each species had fibre qualities and temporal aspects of cell wall development that were different for each ***,the timing of the deposition of the SCW was delayed in winter grown plants and appeared to influence key fibre qual-ity ***:These results suggest that the temporal aspects of cell wall polysaccharide biogenesis during fibre development influence final fibre quality,and this timing is determined by both genetic and environmental *** onset of SCW synthesis appears to be a critical factor coinciding with termination of fibre elongation and specify-ing the duration of wall thickening that then affects fibre le

关键词： Fibre development Gossypium hirsutum Gossypium barbadense Gossypium arboreum

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Does Global Agriculture Need Another Green Revolution？

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Engineering 2018年第4期4卷 449-451页

作者： danny llewellyn Chief Research Scientist of CSIRO Agriculture and Food Fellow of the Australian Academy of Technology and Engineering Australia

1.引言科学和技术是社会变革的历史驱动力,这些变革大多是有益的,但有时会产生意想不到的(通常是环境方面的)后果,其中一些后果我们目前仍在努力应对。18世纪和19世纪的工业革命,带来的以化石燃料为动力的采矿和制造业机械化发展,以及... 详细信息

1.引言科学和技术是社会变革的历史驱动力,这些变革大多是有益的,但有时会产生意想不到的(通常是环境方面的)后果,其中一些后果我们目前仍在努力应对。18世纪和19世纪的工业革命,带来的以化石燃料为动力的采矿和制造业机械化发展,以及航运和陆路运输的快速发展,导致城市化和人口不断增长。即使在18世纪,人口增长率也显然不能保持稳定。随着城市人口的增多和耕地的减少,除非农业生产率能够跟上发展的步伐。

关键词：科学技术发展现状现代农业技术创新

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Overexpression of a Potato Sucrose Synthase Gene in Cotton Accelerates Leaf Expansion, Reduces Seed Abortion, and Enhances Fiber Production

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Molecular Plant 2012年第2期5卷 430-441页

作者： Shou-Min Xu Elizabeth Brill danny j. llewellyn Robert T. Furbank Yong-Ling Ruan CSIRO Plant Industry GPO Box 1600 Canberra ACT 2601 Australia School of Environmental and Life Sciences University of Newcastle Newcastle NSW 2308 Australia

Sucrose synthase （Sus） is a key enzyme in the breakdown of sucrose and is considered a biochemical marker for sink strength, especially in crop species, based on mutational and gene suppression studies. It remains elusive, however, whether, or to what extent, increase in Sus activity may enhance sink development. We aimed to address this question by expressing a potato Sus gene in cotton where Sus expression has been previously shown to be critical for normal seed and fiber development. Segregation analyses at T1 generation followed by studies in homozygous progeny lines revealed that increased Sus activity in cotton （1） enhanced leaf expansion with the effect evident from young leaves emerging from shoot apex; （2） improved early seed development, which reduced seed abortion, hence enhanced seed set, and （3） promoted fiber elongation. In young leaves of Sus overexpressing lines, fructose concentrations were significantly increased whereas, in elongating fibers, both fructose and glucose levels were increased. Since hexoses contribute little to osmolality in leaves, in contrast to developing fibers, it is concluded that high Sus activity promotes leaf development independently of osmotic regulation, probably through sugar signaling. The analyses also showed that doubling the Sus activity in 0-d cotton seeds increased their fresh weight by about 30%. However, further increase in Sus activity did not lead to any further increase in seed weight, indicating an upper limit for the Sus overexpression effect. Finally, based on the observed additive effect on fiber yield from increased fiber length and seed number, a new strategy is proposed to increase cotton fiber yield by improving seed development as a whole, rather than solely focusing on manipulating fiber growth.

关键词： cotton fiber invertase leaf expansion seed abortion seed development sucrose synthase sugar signaling.

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Biofilter:a promising tool for mitigating methane emission from manure storage

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j.urnal of Arid Land 2011年第1期3卷 61-70页

作者： Nazim CICEK danny MANN Department of Biosystems Engineering University of Manitoba

Liquid manure storage may contribute to methane （CH4） emission and this emission can be greatly reduced if appropriate management practices are applied. Biofiltration has been used in other fields for mitigating greenhouse gas （GHG） emission （e.g., landfill） and shown promise for mitigation OH4 emis- sion from liquid manure storage. It has been reported that biofilter was capable of reducing 80% of CH4 emissions from manure storage. The OH4 removal efficiency is influenced by many factors, including OH4 and 02 concentrations, temperature, moisture, composition of the filter bed, nutrient, and empty bed resi- dency time （EBRT）. Biological conversion of methane of a biofilter is a slow process due to the low water solubility of methane. The residence times （EBRT） between 5 min and 5 h have been used, whereas a typical EBRT of 25 s is used for common biofilter applications. Temperature at which methanotrophic bac- teria are active ranges from 10℃ to 45℃. The maximum activity is found at around 30℃. The optimal filter bed water content depends on both the gas flow rate and the type of filter bed （soil, compost, etc.） and ranges from 30%-70% of the water holding capacity. Compost is the best material for filter bed. The optimal pH for methanotrophic bacteria is neutral to slightly acidic. Copper and nitrogen compounds especially nitrate are important nutrients to methanotrophic bacteria but their optimal concentrations have not been founded. Phosphorus and other elements such as potassium and manganese are reported to affect the performance of methanotrophic bacteria but need further confirmation.

关键词： biofilter greenhouse gas methane manure storage

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Modeling multicomponent ion transport to investigate selective ion removal in electrodialysis

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Environmental Science and Ecotechnology 2020年第1期1卷 48-56页

作者： Soraya Honarparvar danny Reible Department of Chemical Engineering Texas Tech UniversityLubbockTX79409-3121USA Department of Civil Environmentaland Construction EngineeringTexas Tech UniversityLubbockTX79409-1023USA

A 2-dimensional multicomponent ion transport model based on Nernst-Planck(NP)equation and electroneutrality assumption is developed for an electrodialysis(ED)cell operated in the ohmic *** flow in channels are assumed incompressible,isothermal,and *** equilibrium and flux continuity are considered at ionexchange membrane(IEM)-solution *** account for tortuosity effects inside membranes,effective ionic diffusion coefficients are calculated using membranes water volume *** developed multicomponent model is used to elucidate the effects of feed solution properties,cell properties,system hydrodynamics,operational conditions,and membrane properties on selective divalent ion removal in the *** results indicate that the selective removal of divalent ions improves with decreasing the cell length,imposed potential,and ionic strength of feed *** mixing in spacer-filled cell also promotes selective divalent ion *** concentrations of fixed charges on the membranes results in greater selectivity toward divalent ions at short cell length and low imposed *** equal concentrations of fixed charges,membranes with high water content are less favorable for selective divalent ion *** developed framework enables the optimum selection of cell design,IEMs,spacer design,and operational conditions to selectively remove ions from multicomponent solutions.

关键词： Electrodialysis Ion transport modeling Multicomponent solution Selective ion removal Scale precipitation

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Metabolomic Profiling in Selaginella lepidophylla at Various Hydration States Provides New Insights into the Mechanistic Basis of Desiccation Tolerance

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Molecular Plant 2013年第2期6卷 369-385页

作者： Abou Yobi Bernard W.M. Wone Wenxin Xu danny C. Alexander Lining Guo j.hn A. Ryals Melvin j. Oliver j.hn C. Cushman Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology University of Nevada Reno NV 89557-0330 USA Department of Biological Sciences University of Nevada Reno NV 89557-0314 USA Metabolon Inc. 800 Capitola Drive Suite 1 Durham NC 27713 USA US Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service Plant Genetic Research Unit University of Missouri Columbia MI 65211 USA

Selaginella lepidophylla is one of only a few species of spike mosses （Selaginellaceae） that have evolved des-iccation tolerance （DT） or the ability to ＇resurrect＇ from an air-dried state. In order to understand the metabolic basis of DT, S, lepidophylla was subj.cted to a five-stage, rehydration/dehydration cycle, then analyzed using non-biased, global metabolomics profiling technology based on GC/MS and UHLC/MS/MS2 platforms. A total of 251 metabolites including 167 named （66.5%） and 84 （33.4%） unnamed compounds were characterized. Only 42 （16.7%） and 74 （29.5%） of compounds showed significantly increased or decreased abundance, respectively, indicating that most compounds were produced con-stitutively, including highly abundant trehalose, sucrose, and glucose. Several glycolysis/gluconeogenesis and tricarboxylic acid （TCA） cycle intermediates showed increased abundance at 100% relative water content （RWC） and 50% RWC. Vanillate, a potent antioxidant, was also more abundant in the hydrated state. Many different sugar alcohols and sugar acids were more abundant in the hydrated state. These polyols likely decelerate the rate of water loss during the drying process as well as slow water absorption during rehydration, stabilize proteins, and scavenge reactive oxygen species （ROS）. In contrast, nitrogen-rich and y-glutamyl amino acids, citrulline, and nucleotide catabolism products （e.g. allantoin） were more abundant in the dry states, suggesting that these compounds might play important roles in nitrogen remobilization during rehydration or in ROS scavenging. UV-protective compounds such as 3-（3-hydroxyphenyl）propionate, apigenin, and naringenin, were more abundant in the dry states. Most lipids were produced constitutively, with the exception of choline phosphate, which was more abundant in dry states and likely plays a role in membrane hydration and stabilization. In contrast, several poly- unsaturated fatty acids were more abundant in the hydrated states, suggestin

关键词： abiotic/environmental stress mass spectrometry metabolomics oxidative/photooxidative stress desiccationtolerance Selaginella.

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Book review of Mechanics of Bio-Sediment Transport, Hongwei Fang, Lei Huang, Huiming Zhao, Wei Cheng, Yishan Chen, Mehdi Fazeli, Qianqin Shang (Eds.). Springer-Verlag, Berlin Heidelberg (2020)

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International j.urnal of Sediment Research 2021年第1期36卷 161-162页

作者： danny D.Reible Donovan Maddox Distinguished Engineering Chair Paul Whitfield Horn ProfessorTexas Tech University

Sediment transport is a classical subj.ct in hydraulic engineering,and relevant to fluvial processes,flood control,reservoir operation,and river *** sediment dynamics studies started in the early 20 th century by scie...

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Feasibility of achieving net-zero energy performance in high-rise buildings using solar energy

Energy and Built Environment

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Energy and Built Environment 2024年第6期5卷 946-956页

作者： Mehrdad Shirinbakhsh L.D.danny Harvey University of Toronto 100St.George StreetTorontoONM5S 3G3Canada

As part of a broad strategy to reach net-zero greenhouse gas emissions and limit global warming,many countries are requiring all new buildings to have net-zero energy *** requires that on-site energy use not exceed on-site generation of renewable energy(taken here to be solar energy),or equivalently,that the building Energy Use Intensity(EUI,kWh/m^(2)a)not exceed the supply of on-site solar energy(electricity and heat)per m^(2)of floor area per *** this basis,we find that achieving net-zero energy performance in an archetype 40-story square building in 16 different cities of North America requires EUI of 17–24 kWh/m^(2)a using PV panels,and 19–28 kWh/m^(2)a using PVT *** building orientation to a non-square floor shape can improve maximum permitted EUI by up to 50%in PV and 60%in PVT ***,the best-performing residential and commercial buildings have EUIs of 50–75 kWh/m^(2)*** if building heights are limited to 5–10 floors does the available solar energy,and thus the permitted EUI,reach 50–75 kWh/m^(2)***,we recommend that policymakers not require high-rise buildings to be net-zero energy,unless they are prepared to limit building heights to 5–10 floors.

关键词： High-rise net-zero energy buildings Building geometry Building height Solar NZEB

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Simulation and animation model to boost mining efficiency and enviro-friendly in multi-pit operations

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International j.urnal of Mining Science and Technology 2015年第4期25卷 671-674页

作者： Tarshizi Ebrahim Sturgul j.hn Ibarra Virginia Taylor danny Mining & Metallurgical Engineering Department University of Nevada Reno School of Civil Environmental and Mining Engineering University of Adelaide

A discrete-event system simulation and animation program was developed to enhance the efficiency of a truck-excavator operation and reduce the environmental impact of haulage in an open-cut coal mine with multiple-pit operations. In any mine, a key obj.ctive is to have sufficient equipment for production and not to have excess to where it becomes counterproductive. Due to the advent of responsible mining,environmental regulations, and eco-friendly practices, these factors must also be considered in the analysis. Simulation studies can be financially advantageous for both the optimization of existing mine operations and new development phases in a mine. This study is a new approach to use discrete-event system simulation for mine systems, in order to investigate and possibly reduce environmental impact considering mining haulage performance and production target. A hypothetical layout of a surface coal mine with two pit operations was used for the simulation and animation model. The simulation model includes the animation of the operation. Animation is helpful to enhance the benefit of a mine simulation model. GPSS/Hòand Proof Professionalòwere the software used for the investigation.

关键词： Simulation and animation Multiple-pit mining Equipment efficiency Truck-excavator allocation Environmental impact WEB-based simulation

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The effects of adsorptive materials on microbial community composition and PAH degradation at the sediment capewater interface

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International j.urnal of Sediment Research 2021年第4期36卷 555-565页

作者： Giovanna Pagnozzi danny D.Reible Kayleigh Millerick Civil Environmental and Construction Engineering Texas Tech University Geosyntec Consultants

Capping with layers of inert or adsorptive materials is used to control the release of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAH) in sediment but little is known about microbial degradation processes in these materials. A rich native microbial community inhabits the sediment bed, and capping media can influence enrichment and biodegradation activity of benthic microorganisms. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of capping media(sand, organoclay, and powdered activated carbon [PAC]) on microbial communities under oxic conditions typical of the capewater interface, where naphthalene degradation(model PAH) is likely to be maximized. Bench scale experiments compared naphthalene concentrations, nahAc biomarker abundance, microbial community composition, and cellular attachment in systems amended with adsorptive and non-adsorptive capping materials. Results indicate that activated carbon promoted and enhanced bioactivity; PAC treatments showed high biodegradation rates,nahAc biomarker levels, and attached biological growth consistent with enrichment of the PAHdegrading genus Pseudomonae. In contrast, sand did not enhance biological activity compared to media-free systems. Naphthalene strongly influenced microbial community composition at the species level in all treatments except organoclay, which promoted biological signatures commonly associated with impeding degradation activity. Data overall suggest that adsorptive capping materials can both promote(PAC) and inhibit(organoclay) bioactivity in the surficial layer of caps, indicating that media selection is critical to the design of bioactive capping systems.

关键词： Sediments Capping Aerobic biodegradation PAH PAC

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