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Single photon response of superconducting nanowire single photon detector

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Chinese Science Bulletin 2010年第4期55卷 441-445页

作者： you lixing SHEN XiaoFang YANG XiaoYan State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology (SIMIT) Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 200050 China

Single photon detection is one of the key technologies for quantum key distribution in quantum communication. As a novel single photon detection technology, superconducting nanowire single photon detector (SNSPD) surpasses conventional semiconducting single photon detectors with high count rate and low dark count rate. In this article, we introduce SNSPD fabricated from NbN ultrathin superconducting film and lab-based SNSPD system. The characteristics of single photon response pulse of SNSPD are analyzed in detail. Also discussed is the relationship between waveform of single photon response and system bandwidth. Circuit model is made to analyze the performance of SNSPD. The simulation result agrees well with the experimental data. Those results are valuable for understanding the mechanism of SNSPD and building future SNSPD system for quantum communication.

关键词：单光子探测器超导薄膜纳米线反应量子通信高计数率 PD系统密钥分配

Superconducting nanostrip single photon detectors fabricated of aluminum thin-films

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Superconductivity 2024年第2期10卷 13-17页

作者： Yuting Jiang Xingyu Zhang Hui Zhou Xiaofu Zhang Hao Li lixing you National Key Laboratory of Materials for Integrated Circuits Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information TechnologyChinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)865 Changning Rd.Shanghai 200050China Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea Hainan UniversityNo.58Renmin AvenueHaikouHainan 570228China

We systematically investigated the detection performance of Al nanostrips for single photons at various *** Al films were deposited using magnetron sputtering,and the sophisticated nanostructures and morphology of the deposited films were revealed through high-resolution transmission electron *** fabricated Al meander nanostrips,with a thickness of 4.2 nm and a width of 178 nm,exhibited a superconducting transition temperature of 2.4 K and a critical current of approximately 5μA at 0.85 *** the Al nanostrips demonstrated a saturated internal quantum efficiency for 405-nm photons,the internal detection efficiency exhibited an exponential dependence on bias current without any saturation tendency for 1550-nm *** behavior can be attributed to the relatively large diffusion coefficient and coherence length of the Al *** further narrowing the nanostrip width,the Al-SNSPDs remain capable of effectively detecting single telecom photons to facilitate practical applications.

关键词： Aluminum thin-film Superconducting film Superconducting nanostrip single-photon detector

NbN superconducting nanowire single photon detector with efficiency over 90% at 1550 nm wavelength operational at compact cryocooler temperature

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2017年第12期60卷 26-35页

作者： WeiJun Zhang lixing you Hao Li Jia Huang ChaoLin Lv Lu Zhang XiaoYu Liu JunJie Wu Zhen Wang XiaoMing Xie State Key Lab of Functional Materials for Informatics Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 200050 China CAS Center for Excellence in Superconducting Electronics Shanghai 200050 China

The rapid development of superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors over the past decade has led to numerous advances in quantum information technology. The record for the best system detection efficiency at an incident photon wavelength of 1550 nm is 93%. This performance was attained from a superconducting nanowire single-photon detector made of amorphous WSi; such detectors are usually operated at sub-Kelvin temperatures. In this study, we first demonstrate superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors made of polycrystalline NbN with system detection efficiency of 90.2% for 1550-nm-wavelength photons at2.1 K, accessible with a compact cryocooler. The system detection efficiency saturated at 92.1% when the temperature was lowered to 1.8 K. We expect the results lighten the practical and high performance superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors to quantum information and other high-end applications.

关键词： detection efficiency NbN superconducting nanowire single-photon detector(SNSPD) quantum information

Single-fundamental-mode cryogenic(3.6 K)850-nm oxideconfined VCSEL

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Journal of Semiconductors 2024年第10期45卷 69-73页

作者： Anjin Liu Chenxi Hao Jingyu Huo Hailong Han Minglu Wang Bao Tang Lingyun Li lixing you Wanhua Zheng Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Devices Institute of SemiconductorsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100083China Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Shanghai Key Laboratory of Superconductor Integrated Circuit Technology Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 200050China Accelink technologies co. LtdWuhan 430205China Key Laboratory of Solid-State Optoelectronics Information Technology Institute of SemiconductorsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100083China

Cryogenic oxide-confined vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser(VCSEL)has promising application in cryogenic optical interconnect for cryogenic *** this paper,we demonstrate a cryogenic 850-nm oxide-confined VCSEL at around 4 *** cryogenic VCSEL with an optical oxide aperture of 6.5μm in diameter can operate in single fundamental mode with a side-mode suppression-ratio of 36 dB at 3.6 K,and the fiber-coupled output power reaches 1 mW at 5 *** small signal modulation measurements at 298 and 292 K show the fabricated VCSEL has the potential to achieve a high modulation bandwidth at cryogenic temperature.

关键词： VCSEL cryogenic temperature cryogenic computing optical interconnect

Hertz-rate metropolitan quantum teleportation

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Light(Science & Applications) 2023年第6期12卷 1001-1009页

作者： Si Shen Chenzhi Yuan Zichang Zhang Hao Yu Ruiming Zhang Chuanrong Yang Hao Li Zhen Wang you Wang Guangwei Deng Haizhi Song lixing you Yunru Fan Guangcan Guo Qiang Zhou Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences University of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengdu 610054China Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information Technology Chinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 200050China Southwest Institute of Technical Physics Chengdu 610041China CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China

Quantum teleportation can transfer an unknown quantum state between distant quantum nodes,which holds great promise in enabling large-scale quantum *** advance the full potential of quantum teleportation,quantum states must be faithfully transferred at a high rate over long *** recent impressive advances,a high-rate quantum teleportation system across metropolitan fiber networks is extremely ***,we demonstrate a quantum teleportation system which transfers quantum states carried by independent photons at a rate of 7.1±0.4 Hz over 64-km-long fiber *** average single-photon fidelity of≥90.6±2.6%is achieved,which exceeds the maximum fidelity of 2/3 in classical *** result marks an important milestone towards quantum networks and opens the door to exploring quantum entanglement based informatic applications for the future quantum internet.

关键词： quantum holds desired

A Silicon Shallow-Ridge Waveguide Integrated Superconducting Nanowire Single Photon Detector Towards Quantum Photonic Circuits

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Chinese Physics Letters 2019年第8期36卷 47-50页

作者： Lingjie Yu Heqing Wang Hao Li Zhen Wang Yidong Huang lixing you Wei Zhang Beijing National Research Center for Information Science and Technology Beijing Innovation Center for Future ChipsElectronic Engineering DepartmentTsinghua UniversityBeijing100084 Beijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences Beijing100193 State Key Laboratory of Functional Materials for Informatics Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and InformationTechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai200050 University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049

A silicon shallow-ridge waveguide integrated superconducting nanowire single photon detector is designed and *** the bias current of 11.6μA,4% on-chip detection efficiency near 1550 nm wavelength is achieved with the dark count rate of 3 Hz and a timing jitter of 75 *** device shows the potential application in the integration of superconducting nanowire single photon detectors with a complex quantum photonic circuit.

关键词： Silicon Detector Quantum

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超导纳米线单光子探测现状与展望

红外与激光工程 2018年第12期47卷 1-6页

作者：尤立星中国科学院上海微系统与信息技术研究所信息功能材料国家重点实验室上海200050 中国科学院超导电子学卓越创新中心上海200050 浙江赋同科技有限公司浙江嘉善314100

超导纳米线单光子探测器(SNSPD)是一种量子极限灵敏度的光探测器。它的基本原理是利用光子能量实现超导纳米线库珀对的拆对,从而在超导纳米线局域发生超导-非超导相变。和传统半导体单光子探测器相比,具有探测效率高、暗计数低、时间抖... 详细信息

超导纳米线单光子探测器(SNSPD)是一种量子极限灵敏度的光探测器。它的基本原理是利用光子能量实现超导纳米线库珀对的拆对,从而在超导纳米线局域发生超导-非超导相变。和传统半导体单光子探测器相比,具有探测效率高、暗计数低、时间抖动小、死时间短、宽谱响应以及自由运行等优势。高性能SNSPD已经在量子信息、激光通信、激光雷达等领域得到了广泛应用。文中概述了过去几年间国内外在SNSPD研发、应用成果及产业化等方面的进展,并对SNSPD未来的技术发展和应用进行了展望。

关键词：单光子探测超导纳米线单光子探测量子信息量子通信

32×32 NbN SNSPD array based on thermally coupled row-column multiplexing architecture

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Superconductivity 2023年第3期7卷 46-52页

作者： TianZhu Zhang you Xiao HuiQin Yu Jia Huang ChaoLin Lv LingDong Kong XiaoYu Liu Hao Li lixing you Zhen Wang National Key Laboratory of Materials for Integrated Circuits Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information TechnologyChinese Academy of Sciences(CAS)865 Changning Rd.Shanghai 200050China Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China CAS Center for Excellence in Superconducting Electronics 865 Changning Rd.Shanghai 200050China Photon Technology(Zhejiang)Co. Ltd.Jiaxing 314100ZhejiangChina

We report a superconducting nanowire single‐photon detector(SNSPD)array aiming for a near‐infrared 1550‐nm wavelength that consists of 32×32 nanowire pixels and an area of 0.96 mm×0.96 *** most reported large‐scale SNSPD arrays with amorphous films,NbN superconducting nanowires are employed in our array,which allows the detector operation at 2.3 K provided by a compact two‐stage Gifford–McMahon *** coupled row–column multiplexing is employed in our arrays to avoid current redistribution and loss of electrical signal occurring in the electrically coupled row–column *** fabricated detector array shows a pixel yield of 94%and maximal intrinsic efficiencies of 77%and 96%at 1550 nm and 405 nm,*** timing jitter and the thermal coupling probability are also investigated.

关键词： Superconducting nanowire single‐photon detector Array Thermally coupled row-column

Ultralow-filling-factor superconducting nanowire single-photon detector utilizing a 2D photonic crystal

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Photonics Research 2023年第12期11卷 2128-2135页

作者： you XIAO XIYUAN CAO XIAOYU LIU LIANXI JIA JIA HUANG HAO LI AIMIN WU ZHEN WANG lixing you National Key Laboratory of Materials for Integrated Circuits Shanghai Institute of Microsystem and Information TechnologyChinese Academy of Sciences(SIMITCAS)Shanghai 200050China State Key Laboratory of Dynamic Measurement Technology School of Instrument and ElectronicsNorth University of ChinaTaiyuan 030051China Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China

Superconducting nanowires enable the operation of outstanding single-photon detectors,which are required particularly for quantum information and weak-light measurement ***,the trade-off between detection speed and efficiency,which is related to the filling factors of superconducting nanowires,is still a ***,we propose a fast,efficient single-photon detector fabricated by integrating ultralow-filling-factor meandered superconducting nanowires atop a photonic crystal(PhC)*** unique structure enables a fast photon response due to the low kinetic inductance of the short nanowires and ensures efficient photon absorption due to the resonant effect of the PhC *** proposed detector has a filling factor of only~12% while maintaining a high maximum absorption in our simulation of 90%.The fabricated device exhibits a maximum system detection efficiency of 60%,a maximum count rate of~80 MHz,and a recovery time of only~12 ns,which is three times faster than that of the conventional meandered structure at the same sensing diameter(18μm).This work helps advance the movement toward high-efficiency,high-speed single-photon detectors and promotes their future application in quantum communication and imaging.

关键词： nanowires superconducting enable