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Characterization of favorable lithofacies in tight sandstone reservoirs and its significance for gas exploration and exploitation: A case study of the 2nd Member of Triassic Xujiahe Formation in the Xinchang area, Sichuan Basin

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Petroleum Exploration and Development 2020年第6期47卷 1194-1205页

作者： liu Junlong LIU Zhongqun XIAO Kaihua HUANG Yanqing JIN Wujun Sinopec Exploration&Production Research Institute Beijing 100083China

By using core,logging curves,and experiment data,favorable lithofacies types in the 2 nd Member of Triassic Xujiahe Formation in the Xinchang area,Sichuan Basin were classified,standard of the favorable lithofacies was established,planar distribution regularities of the favorable lithofacies were identified,and forming mechanisms of the favorable lithofacies and their control effect on production were examined.(1)The 2 nd Member of Xujiahe Formation has twelve types of lithofacies,among which multiple layer medium-coarse grain sandstone lithofacies,parallel bedding medium-coarse grain sandstone lithofacies,massive bedding medium-coarse grain sandstone lithofacies,inclined bedding medium-coarse grain sandstone lithofacies,and charcoal-bearing medium-coarse grain sandstone lithofacies with better physical properties and higher gas content are favorable lithofacies;they feature low gamma,low neutron porosity,low resistivity,and high acoustic travel time on logging curves.(2)The sedimentary process controls spatial distribution of sand bodies which are the material basis of the favorable lithofacies;post diagenetic fluids would differentially reconstruct the favorable lithofacies;tectonic activities and abnormal formation pressure made strata slide along the weakness plane,giving rise to fractures in different types of rocks,which can enhance the reservoir permeability significantly.(3)The development degree of favorable lithofacies is a major factor affecting stable production of gas well.

关键词： tight sandstone reservoir favorable lithofacies reservoir characterization Triassic Xujiahe Formation Xinchang area Sichuan Basin

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Geological characteristics and models of fault-foldfracture body in deep tight sandstone of the second member of Upper Triassic Xujiahe Formation in Xinchang structural belt of Sichuan Basin,SW China

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Petroleum Exploration and Development 2023年第3期50卷 603-614页

作者： liu Junlong LIU Zhongqun liu Zhenfeng liu Yali SHEN Baojian XIAO Kaihua BI Youyi WANG Xiaowen WANG Ail FAN Lingxiao LI Jitongl Sinopec Petroleum Exploration&Production Research Institute Beijing 100083China Sinopec Southwest Oil&Gas Company Chengdu 610081China

In the second member of the Upper Triassic Xujiahe Formation(T_(3)x_(2))in the Xinchang area,western Sichuan Basin,only a low percent of reserves has been recovered,and the geological model of gas reservoir sweet spot remains unclear.Based on a large number of core,field outcrop,test and logging-seismic data,the T_(3)x_(2) gas reservoir in the Xinchang area is examined.The concept of fault-fold-fracture body(FFFB)is proposed,and its types are recognized.The main factors controlling fracture development are identified,and the geological models of FFFB are established.FFFB refers to faults,folds and associated fractures reservoirs.According to the characteristics and genesis,FFFBs can be divided into three types:fault-fracture body,fold-fracture body,and fault-fold body.In the hanging wall of the fault,the closer to the fault,the more developed the effective fractures;the greater the fold amplitude and the closer to the fold hinge plane,the more developed the effective fractures.Two types of geological models of FFFB are established:fault-fold fracture,and matrix storage and permeability.The former can be divided into two subtypes:network fracture,and single structural fracture,and the later can be divided into three subtypes:bedding fracture,low permeability pore,and extremely low permeability pore.The process for evaluating favorable FFFB zones was formed to define favorable development targets and support the well deployment for purpose of high production.The study results provide a reference for the exploration and development of deep tight sandstone oil and gas reservoirs in China.

关键词： fault-fold-fracture body fracture control factor genetic characteristics geological model deep layer tight sandstone Xinchang structural belt Upper Triassic Xujiahe Formation Sichuan Basin

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Modeling and Analytical Solution of Chatter Stability for T-slot Milling

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Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering 2010年第1期23卷 88-93页

作者： LI zhongqun liu Qiang School of Mechanical Engineering Hunan University of Technology Zhuzhou 412008 China School of Mechanical Engineering and Automation Beihang University Beijing 100191 China

T-slot milling is one of the most common milling processes in industry. Despite recent advances in machining technology, productivity of T-slot milling is usually limited due to the process limitations such as high cutting forces and stability. If cutting conditions are not selected properly the process may result in the poor surface finish of the workpiece and the potential damage to the machine tool. Currently, the predication of chatter stability and determination of optimal cutting conditions based on the modeling of T-slot milling process is an effective way to improve the material removal rate（MRR） of a T-slot milling operation. Based on the geometrical model of the T-slot cutter, the dynamic cutting force model was presented in which the average directional cutting force coefficients were obtained by means of numerical approach, and leads to an analytical determination of stability lobes diagram（SLD） on the axial depth of cut. A new kind of SLD on the radial depth of cut was also created to satisfy the special requirement of T-slot milling. Thereafter, a dynamic simulation model of T-slot milling was implemented using Matlab software. In order to verify the effectiveness of the approach, the transfer functions of a typical cutting system in a vertical CNC machining center were measured in both feed and normal directions by an instrumented hammer and accelerators. Dynamic simulations were conducted to obtain the predicated SLD under specified cutting conditions with both the proposed model and CutPro~. Meanwhile, a set of cutting trials were conducted to reveal whether the cutting process under specified cutting conditions is stable or not. Both the simulation comparison and experimental verification demonstrated that the satisfactory coincidence between the simulated, the predicted and the experimental results. The chatter-free T-slot milling with higher MRR can be achieved under the cutting conditions determined according to the SLD simulation.

关键词： machining dynamics T-slot milling chatter vibration stability lobes diagram

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Micro/nanoelectrode-based electrochemical methodology for single cell and organelle analysis

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Nano Research 2024年第1期17卷 196-206页

作者： Chuchu Xu De Yang Yuchan Wang Ruolin liu Fan Wang zhongqun Tian Keke Hu Department of Chemistry College of Chemistry&Chemical EngineeringXiamen UniversityXiamen 361005China

Cells are the basic unit of life.Electrochemical analysis of single cells/organelles is essential for uncovering the molecular mechanisms of physiological and pathological processes that are difficult to elucidate on a larger scale.This paper provides an overview of the commonly used fabrication methods for micro/nanoelectrodes applied in the investigations of single cells/organelles as well as the corresponding electrochemical measurements over the last four years including extracellular measurement,combination of extra and intracellular measurement,intracellular reactive oxygen species and reactive nitrogen species(ROS/RNS)measurement,and isolated organelles measurement.

关键词： single cell/organelle micro/nanoelectrode electrochemical measurement chemical transmitters

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鄂尔多斯盆地大牛地致密砂岩气田水平井开发气藏工程优化技术

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石油与天然气地质 2016年第2期37卷 261-266页

作者：刘忠群中国石化华北油气分公司勘探开发研究院河南郑州450006

大牛地气田属致密砂岩气田,剩余未动用储量品位差、有效厚度薄、纵向叠合程度低,采用水平井开发效果较好,但国内没有成熟的开发技术和经验。因此,优化研究水平井开发技术政策,完善气藏工程配套技术显得尤为重要。为此,基于经验公式、动... 详细信息

大牛地气田属致密砂岩气田,剩余未动用储量品位差、有效厚度薄、纵向叠合程度低,采用水平井开发效果较好,但国内没有成熟的开发技术和经验。因此,优化研究水平井开发技术政策,完善气藏工程配套技术显得尤为重要。为此,基于经验公式、动态分析、数值模拟、经济评价等方法,对水平井整体开发动用条件下的产能评价、单井设计、井网井距等开发技术政策进行了优化研究,明确了层系划分原则,确定了多种产能评价方法,明确了气井配产比例为无阻流量的1/5-1/3,水平段长1 000-1 200 m,轨迹应垂直于最大主应力方向并尽量位于储层中部,压裂缝设计应参照定量计算模型,井网采用排状交错井网,井距800-1 200 m,废弃地层压力8 MPa,采收率40%。形成的气藏工程优化技术,已应用于大牛地气田水平井整体开发方案中,为方案成功实施提供了技术保障。

关键词：开发技术政策低渗透气藏工程水平井大牛地气田鄂尔多斯盆地

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Analysis of lithofacies and evaluation of effective reservoirs of member 2 of Xujiahe Formation in the Xinchang area in Western Sichuan

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Petroleum Research 2020年第3期5卷 244-253页

作者： Yanqing Huang zhongqun liu Pengwei Li Junlong liu Changzhen Liao Shilin Xu Sinopec Petroleum Exploration and Development Research Institute Beijing100083China

In the Xinchang area in western Sichuan Basin,a total of 121.12 billion cubic meters of proved reserves of natural gas are discovered in Member 2 of Xujiahe Formation,but only 7.739 billion cubic meters of proved reserves of natural gas are produced.The main reason is that sandstones in Member 2 of Xujiahe Formation in the Xinchang area are generally tight,with strong heterogeneity,only intervals with relatively good physical properties have a certain production capacity;therefore,it is very necessary and important to evaluate effective reservoirs in Member 2 of Xujiahe Formation.Through analysis of cores,with consideration of color,sedimentary texture and grain size,lithofacies of Member 2 of Xujiahe Formation in the Xinchang area can be divided into 12 types.According to data of physical properties and thin section analysis,it can be concluded that the favorable lithofacies in the upper submember of Member 2 of Xujiahe Formation are the massive medium-coarse sandstone,the medium-coarse sandstone with cross bedding,and the medium-coarse sandstone with carbonaceous fragments.On the basis of electrical characteristics,well-logging interpretation standards for favorable lithofacies are established,in addition,favorable lithofacies and effective reservoir in the Xinchang area are determined,and distribution of favorable lithofacies(effective reservoir)is identified,which lay a solid foundation for next deployment of appraisal well and development of effective reserves.

关键词： Medium-coarse sandstone Lithofacies Effective reservoir Member 2 of xujiahe formation Xinchang area Sichuan

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Prediction of Dynamic Cutting Force and Regenerative Chatter Stability in Inserted Cutters Milling

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Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering 2013年第3期26卷 555-563页

作者： LI zhongqun liu Qiang YUAN Songmei HUANG Kaisheng School of Mechanical Engineering Hunan University of Technology School of Mechanical Engieering and Automation Beihang University

Currently, the modeling of cutting process mainly focuses on two aspects: one is the setup of the universal cutting force model that can be adapted to a broader cutting condition; the other is the setup of the exact cutting force model that can accurately reflect a true cutting process. However, there is little research on the prediction of chatter stablity in milling. Based on the generalized mathematical model of inserted cutters introduced by ENGIN, an improved geometrical, mechanical and dynamic model for the vast variety of inserted cutters widely used in engineering applications is presented, in which the average directional cutting force coefficients are obtained by means of a numerical approach, thus leading to an analytical determination of stability lobes diagram (SLD) on the axial depth of cut. A new kind of SLD on the radial depth of cut is also created to satisfy the special requirement of inserted cutter milling. The corresponding algorithms used for predicting cutting forces, vibrations, dimensional surface finish and stability lobes in inserted cutter milling under different cutting conditions are put forward. Thereafter, a dynamic simulation module of inserted cutter milling is implemented by using hybrid program of Matlab with Visual Basic. Verification tests are conducted on a vertical machine center for Aluminum alloy LC4 by using two different types of inserted cutters, and the effectiveness of the model and the algorithm is verified by the good agreement of simulation result with that of cutting tests under different cutting conditions. The proposed model can predict the cutting process accurately under a variety of cutting conditions, and a high efficient and chatter-free milling operation can be achieved by a cutting condition optimization in industry applications.

关键词： inserted cutter cutting force prediction chatter stability dynamic simulation

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Promising electroplating solution for facile fabrication of Cu quantum point contacts

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Nano Research 2017年第10期10卷 3314-3323页

作者： Yang Yang Junyang liu Jueting Zheng Miao Lu Jia Shi Wenjing Hong Fangzu Yang zhongqun Tian State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Pen-Tung Sah Institute ot Micro-Nano Science and Technology LIA CNRS NanoBioCatEchem Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials Xiamen University Kiamen 361005 China

In this article, we report on the fabrication and transport measurements of Cu quantum point contacts prepared by a novel, electrochemically assisted mechanically controllable break junction （EC-MCBJ） method. By employing photolithography and wet-etching processes, suspended electrode pairs were patterned and fabricated successfully on Si microchips. Rather than adopting an acid Cu electroplating solution, a novel alkaline electroplating solution was developed and utilized to establish Cu nanocontacts between electrode pairs. Typically, the widths of the as-fabricated Cu nanocontacts were found to be smaller than 18 nm. A large number of Cu quantum point contacts were then produced and characterized by a home-built MCBJ setup. In addition to the conventional histogram, where peaks tend to decrease in amplitude with increasing conductance, an anomalous type of conductance histogram, exhibiting different peak amplitudes, was observed. Through statistical analysis of the maximum allowable bending of the Si microchips, and theoretical calculations, we demonstrated that our alkaline Cu electroplating solution affords Cu nanocontacts that are compatible with subsequent MCBJ operations, which is essential for the fabrication of Cu quantum point contacts. As sophisticated e-beam lithography is not required, the EC-MCBJ method is fast, simple, and cost-effective. Moreover, it is likely to be suitable for the fabrication and characterization of quantum point contacts of various metals from their respective electroplating solutions.

关键词： quantum point contact,electrochemical deposition,Cu nanowire,mechanically controllablebreak junction （MCBJ）,conductance quantization

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Unexpected current-voltage characteristics of mechanically modulated atomic contacts with the presence of molecular junctions in an electrochemically assisted-MCBJ

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Nano Research 2016年第2期9卷 560-570页

作者： Yang Yang Junyang liu Shi Feng Huimin Wen Jinghua Tian Jueting Zheng Bernd Schollhorn Christian Amatore Zhongning Chen zhongqun Tian Department of Chemistry/Pen-Tung Sah Institute of Micro-Nano Science and Technology State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces and LIA CNRS NanoBioCatEchem Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials Xiamen University Xiamen 361005 China State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter Chinese Academy of SciencesFuzhou 350002 China CNRS UMR 8640 PASTEUR and LIA CNRS NanoBioCatEchem Ecole Normale Superieure-PSL Research University Departement de Chimie Sorbonne Universit~s - UPMC Paris 6 24 rue Lhomond 75005 Paris France

In this article, we report on the characterization of various molecular junctions＇ current-voltage characteristics （Ⅰ-Ⅴ curves） evolution under mechanical modulations, by employing a novel electrochemically assisted-mechanically controllable break junction （EC-MCBJ） method. For 1,4-benzenedithiol, the Ⅰ-Ⅴ curves measured at constant electrode pair separation show excellent reproducibility, indicating the feasibility of our EC-MCBJ method for fabricating molecular junctions. For ferrocene-bisvinylphenylmethyl dithiol （Fc-VPM）, an anomalous type of Ⅰ-Ⅴ curve was observed by the particular control over the stepping motor. This phenomenon is rationalized assuming a model of atomic contact evolution with the presence of molecular junctions. To test this hypothesized model, a molecule with a longer length, 1,3-butadiyne-linked dinuclear ruthenium（H） complex （Ru-1）, was implemented, and the Ⅰ-Ⅴ curve evolution was investigated under similar circumstances. Compared with Fc-VPM, the observed Ⅰ-Ⅴ curves show close analogy and minor differences, and both of them fit the hypothesized model well.

关键词： molecular junction,electrochemical deposition,mechanically controllable break junction （MCBJ）,ruthenium complex,ferrocenyl molecular wire

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泾河油田裂缝型致密油藏地质特征及开发对策

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西南石油大学学报（自然科学版） 2019年第2期41卷 23-32页

作者：刘忠群中国石油化工股份有限公司石油勘探开发研究院北京海淀100083

在阐述裂缝致密油藏地质及开发动态特征的基础上,明确了开发难点,并提出开发对策,可为同类型油田开发提供借鉴。泾河油田储层致密、孔喉细小、连通性差、可动流体百分数低,发育构造和水平层理裂缝,裂缝是高产主控因素。储层可划分为4类... 详细信息

在阐述裂缝致密油藏地质及开发动态特征的基础上,明确了开发难点,并提出开发对策,可为同类型油田开发提供借鉴。泾河油田储层致密、孔喉细小、连通性差、可动流体百分数低,发育构造和水平层理裂缝,裂缝是高产主控因素。储层可划分为4类,Ⅰ、Ⅱ类为"甜点",非均质性强、厚度薄、孔隙度低、含油饱和度低、储量丰度低;油井产量低、产能差异大、产量递减快、累产低、采收率低,开发难度大。开发难点主要有"甜点"精细描述难度大、提高井控储量难度大、提高采收率难度大、能量补充难度大等。针对开发难点,提出了"非连续"性井位部署、水平井分段压裂、滚动建产、优化油藏工程参数、能量补充先导试验、实施低成本战略等6项开发对策。

关键词：致密油藏裂缝地质特征开发对策泾河油田

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